Microbiology of Otitis externa in dogs reveals wide variation in Staphylococcus species.

Bacterial infections are a major cause of otitis externa in dogs, with Staphylococcus species frequently implicated. This study analyzed samples from 24 dogs with otitis externa to identify the Staphylococcus species involved. The isolates included Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Staphylococcus schleiferi, Staphylococcus simulans, and Staphylococcus haemolyticus.

Effect of Kisspeptin Fortification in Freezing Media on Post-Thaw Quality and Fertility of Buffalo Bull Semen.

The present study was undertaken to assess the effect of kisspeptin supplementation (0.0, 5.0, 10.

Associative Genetic Diversity of Theileria Annulata Calf Isolates from Northern India Based on Cyt B Gene.

Purpose: Molecular epidemiological studies focusing on the phylogenetic characterization of Theileria annulata are crucial for understanding the evolutionary history of the parasite worldwide. The current study reveals genetic diversity among Indian isolates of T. annulata based on the cyt b gene.

Methods for assessing efficacy of cleaning and disinfection in livestock farms: a narrative review.

Cleaning and disinfection (C&D) procedures are essential components of farm biosecurity, aiming to reduce microbial load and eliminate the pathogenic microorganisms in livestock farms facilities. This review examines the various methods used to assess the effectiveness of both cleaning and disinfection, exploring their strengths, limitations, and optimal-use scenarios. For cleaning evaluation, common methods include basic visual inspections, ultraviolet (UV) fluorescence, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence, rapid protein tests (RPT), redox potential, and microbiological swabbing.

Extraction and Purification of Tropomyosin From Crabs Scylla olivacea and Charybdis ferriatus: Assessment of Allergenicity and Sensitizing Capacity Using Animal Experimental Model.

Tropomyosin is a significant allergen found in invertebrates and is recognized as one of the primary triggers of food-induced anaphylaxis. Though many researchers have done the characterization of allergic tropomyosin, a comparative analysis of the allergenicity of vertebrate (porcine) and invertebrate (crab) tropomyosin is still lacking. The present study aims to study the differences in IgE, tropomyosin-specific IgE, and histamine levels between vertebrate (porcine) and invertebrate tropomyosin (crab) using an animal experimental model.

Animal models for surgeries and implants: a vital tool in medical research and development.

Animal models are essential for advancing surgical techniques and developing implants. These models provide a biological framework that allows researchers to assess the efficacy and safety of various surgical interventions. Animal studies enable the preclinical evaluation of new surgical procedures and biomaterials by replicating human anatomy and disease states.

Prevalence and molecular characterization of Trypanosoma evansi infections in dogs using RoTat 1.2 VSG gene from Punjab state, India.

The present study aims at development, standardization and application of Rode Trypanozoon antigenic type 1.2 variant surface glycoprotein (RoTat 1.2 VSG) gene based-PCR assay for the detection of Trypanosoma evansi in dogs of Punjab state, India.

Assessment of Hygiene and Biosecurity Practices of Wet Market Stalls in Punjab (India).

Wet markets have been implicated in the outbreak of recent pandemics like Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), H5N1 avian influenza, and most recently, COVID-19. In view of the wet markets as a potential source of spillover, our study aimed to assess hygiene, sanitation, and biosecurity practices in wet markets across Punjab, a state in India. A total of 60 wet market stalls from three different regions of Punjab were subjected to analysis through participatory and observational survey using 45 questions covering 12 parameters.

Antimicrobial susceptibility profiling of caprine clinical mastitis pathogens in Punjab, India.

Background: Goats can serve as an efficient animal model to study antimicrobial resistance. The present study was undertaken with an aim to assess the status of antibiotic resistance associated with caprine mastitis in the Bathinda district of Punjab.

Methods: Milk samples were collected aseptically from the cases of clinical mastitis in goats followed by bacterial isolation and antibiotic susceptibility testing for amikacin, amoxicillin, amoxyclav, ampicillin, ampicillin-sulbactam, cefoperazone, cefoperazone-tazobactam, ceftizoxime, ceftriaxone, ceftriaxone-sulbactam, ceftriaxone-tazobactam, ciprofloxacin, colistin, doxycycline, enrofloxacin, erythromycin, gentamicin, moxifloxacin, ofloxacin, oxytetracycline, penicillin-G, streptomycin and tetracycline.

Sketch-based animation teaching in veterinary anatomy via virtual mode during COVID-19 versus physical mode: a comparative analysis.

Purpose: The present study was designed to analyse the effect of newly adopted sketch-based animated teaching of veterinary anatomy on students regarding its perceived usefulness and impact on retention of the subject knowledge.

Materials And Methods: The study population consisted of undergraduate veterinary students (BVSc and AH) in the physical classroom ( = 81), postgraduate students ( = 17), and veterinary students in the virtual classroom during COVID-19 ( = 80) who evaluated the PowerPoint presentations with sketches and animations via questionnaire. The data collected from the results of the questionnaires were analysed.

Incidence, molecular characterisation and epidemiology of Oriental rat flea, Xenopsylla cheopis (Rothschild, 1903) in synanthropic rodent hosts.

Background Objectives: Rodents and arthropod vectors transmit zoonotic pathogens like Yersinia pestis, Rickettsia typhi etc. posing a threat to both veterinary and public health. The primary aim of this study was to record the incidence of rat fleas, a vector for plague and murine typhus on synanthropic rodents, their epidemiology and molecular characterization.

Exploring the Therapeutic Landscape of Probiotics in Enteric and Respiratory Viral Infections.

In recent times, the understanding of the human microbiome and its impact on health and disease has undergone a paradigm shift, leading to ground-breaking discoveries in the field of probiotics. Probiotics, live microorganisms known for conferring health benefits when administered adequately, have garnered significant interest for their potential to modulate the immune system's response to viral infections in both humans and animals. The emergence of enteric and respiratory viruses as significant global health threats has prompted intensive research efforts to identify novel therapeutic strategies.

Multidrug-resistant extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in poultry and cattle farms in India: Prevalence and survey-based risk factors.

Objective: Unregulated use of antibiotics in animal-production leads to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, including extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL E. coli), posing significant public health threats. This study aimed to assess and compare the role of cattle and poultry, along with farmworkers, in the emergence and spread of ESBL E.

Genetic structure and evolutionary dynamics of Babesia gibsoni populations: a cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COXI) gene-based study.

Background: Babesia gibsoni is a tick-borne intraerythrocytic protozoan parasite causing piroplasmosis in dogs globally. A significant knowledge gap exists regarding the genetic characterization of B. gibsoni using the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COXI) gene.

Epidemiology, risk factor and R investigation of an outbreak of lumpy skin disease in cattle in Punjab, India.

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an emerging disease in India, causing substantial economic losses to the livestock industry. This study aimed to estimate epidemiologic parameters, including R, and risk factors associated with an LSD outbreak in cattle (November 2021-August 2022) in Punjab, India. Animals were unvaccinated, and the village's animals were isolated due to district animal movement restrictions.

Isolation and micronization of pearl millet and sorghum proteins: characterization, structure-functionality relationship and thermal behavior.

Isolated pearl millet and sorghum proteins were modified using micronization technique via high shear homogenization at 15000 rpm for 10 mins and characterized for techno-functionality, in vitro protein digestibility, electrokinetic potential, particle size, structural and thermal behavior along with the native proteins. The particle size for micronized pearl millet protein (PMP) and sorghum protein (SP), marked reduction from 4.12 μm to 1.

Swinepox Outbreak in an Organized Piggery Farm in Punjab.

Swinepox is a highly contagious, acute disease affecting domestic pigs and wild hogs, often allied with poor management and unsanitary conditions. The disease can occur at any time, but is more prevalent in areas with suboptimal hygiene practices. Diagnosis is primarily based on the presence of characteristic gross pock lesions on the skin, while histopathological examination reveals distinctive intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies within affected cells.

Effects of probiotic CPN60 of calf fecal-origin on metabolic status, immune function, and gene expression of Wistar rats with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis.

To evaluate the effect of a calf fecal-origin probiotic on the metabolic and immune functions under experimental colitis conditions, 48 weaned Wistar rats were randomly divided into four equal groups in a 42-day study. Rats were fed a basal diet either alone (CON) or supplemented with the calf-origin strain CPN60 (PRO) under healthy conditions or the same dietary treatments, respectively, with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis conditions, CONc and PROc. The serum levels of glucose, urea, and uric acid were reduced ( < 0.

transcriptomic profiling of indigenous Gaddi vis-à-vis exotic Labrador dogs: insights from systems biology.

Introduction: The domestication of dogs is regarded as an evolutionary adaptation influenced by artificial selective pressures, leading to the fruition of diverse canine breeds across regions. Indigenous breeds, developed in tandem with local environments, display unique conformations and disease resistance, yet many remain understudied at the molecular level. The Gaddi dog, originating in the northern parts of India and used by local tribes for livestock guarding, exemplifies such a breed with potential for transcriptomic research.

Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and biofilm forming ability of in milk, animal handlers and slurry samples from dairy herds of Punjab, India.

Antimicrobial-resistant serves as an indicator for monitoring the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) at the human, animal, and environmental interface. The present study employs a 'One Health' framework to determine the prevalence, phenotypic and genotypic characterisation of the AMR profile and biofilm forming ability of isolates from milk, hand swabs and slurry samples of 405 dairy herds in Punjab, India. An overall prevalence of was 34.

Heat shock protein B1 and NADPH oxidase 4 expression is associated with vital signs and antioxidant parameters in two different varieties of turkey under thermal stress.

The objective of this study was to compare the performances of two different turkey varieties (CARI Virat and Bronze turkey) under heat stress using some molecular and biochemical parameters. The birds were reared during summer (increased THI; heat stress group) and winter seasons (optimum THI; control), blood samples were collected at their marketable age (18 weeks). Real-time PCR analysis showed that HSPB1 and NOX4 mRNA expression levels were significantly upregulated in heat-stressed birds across both varieties and genders.

Epizootiology and pathophysiology of bovine oriental theileriosis in Mizoram, India.

Bovine oriental theileriosis is an important tick-borne haemoprotozoan disease caused by Theileria orientalis. The present study was carried out to investigate the prevalence, associated risk factors, and haemato-biochemical and pathological alterations associated with naturally occurring T. orientalis infection in cattle, an emerging disease in Mizoram, India.

Seroprevalence of brucellosis in humans with non-specific clinical symptoms in Punjab, India.

Background And Aim: Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that remains underdiagnosed in humans due to its non-specific clinical presentations. Punjab, India, is particularly vulnerable to brucellosis due to its high-density livestock farming. This study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of brucellosis in individuals presenting with non-specific clinical symptoms.

Do bulls experience pain or stress during electroejaculation? Evidence from electroencephalography, behavioral, hormonal, and metabolite profiling.

Background And Aim: Electroejaculation (EE) is widely used for semen collection in bulls but raises concerns about animal welfare due to potential pain and stress. The physiological impact of EE on bulls remains a topic of debate, with previous studies yielding inconclusive results. This study aims to objectively evaluate pain and stress responses in bulls subjected to EE using electroencephalography (EEG) alongside hormonal, behavioral, and metabolite profiling.

Risk Assessment of Exposure Through Raw Milk Consumption in India: One Health Implications and Control Strategies.

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease with significant public health implications. Understanding the risks of consuming unpasteurized (raw) milk is critical for effective control measures. A quantitative risk assessment was conducted to estimate contamination in milk from unregulated sources in Punjab, India, where 70% of milk is sold unpasteurized.