Taxonomic revision of the critically endangered big-headed turtles (Reptilia: Testudines: Platysternidae Gray, 1869), with description of a new species.

The big-headed turtle ( ), currently the only extant member of the genus and the family Platysternidae, has undergone severe population declines driven by poaching, illegal trade, and habitat loss, leading to its classification as Critically Endangered (CR) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Despite its conservation status, persistent taxonomic ambiguities and unresolved phylogenetic relationships have hindered effective protection and management. This study integrated evidence from genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), mitochondrial DNA sequences ( , ), and morphological data to reconstruct the phylogeny and phylogeography of and revise its taxonomy.

Mountainous millipedes in Vietnam. V. The millipede genus Attems, 1914 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae), with descriptions of two new species.

The paradoxosomatid genus Attems, 1914 has been reviewed in the context of Vietnam's fauna. A total of six species have been documented in the country, including a new country record, Hoffman, 1963, and two new species, and The genetic distances and the phylogenetic relationship between Vietnamese species based on a fragment of the COI gene were also provided.

Tailoring hydrogen storage performance of Mg-MgNi alloys: synergistic effects of composition and phase formation with first-principles insights.

This work investigates the impact of Mg/Ni atomic ratios (75 : 25 and 66.7 : 33.3) on the formation of MgNi phases and their hydrogen storage performance.

Metabolomic profiling of Piper sarmentosum Roxb. Extracts reveals potent xanthine oxidase inhibition and anti-inflammatory effects.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Piper sarmentosum (Psar) is widely used in traditional medicine across Vietnam, Thailand, and Malaysia to treat joint pain, inflammation, and digestive ailments. In Vietnam, Psar is commonly used to relieve symptoms associated with gout. Despite its broad ethnomedical applications, the plant has not been comprehensively studied for its anti-gout properties, particularly xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibition.

UV-blocking and mechanically reinforced starch films incorporating Ce-UiO-66 nanoparticles for food packaging applications.

Hazardous ultraviolet (UV) radiation found in sunlight can seep into food packaging and cause unfavorable physicochemical changes in food items. This study aimed to develop starch-based polymeric biofilms with UV-blocking capability by incorporating CeUiO-66 metal-organic framework nanoparticles (Ce66 NPs). These nanoparticles were synthesized a solvothermal method using formic acid as a modulator.

Cloning and Functional Characterization of a Novel Brevinin-1-Type Peptide from with Anticancer Activity.

Despite significant medical advancements, two major health challenges persist: antibiotic resistance in microbial pathogens and drug resistance in cancer cells. To address these issues, research has increasingly focused on discovering novel natural compounds with dual antimicrobial and anticancer activities. Among such candidates, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have attracted attention due to their ability to selectively target microbial and cancer cells while exhibiting minimal toxicity toward normal cells.

Microwave-assisted co-precipitation synthesis of MFeO nanoferrites (M = Co and Mn) using biogenic coir extract and their physical characterization.

MFeO (M = Co and Mn) nanoparticles were synthesized from coconut coir extract using a microwave-assisted co-precipitation method, representing a green and sustainable approach for ferrite nanomaterial preparation. The physical properties of the samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, photoluminescence, Raman spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry. Scanning electron micrographs revealed nanoscale morphology with evidence of polymorphism.

A novel diterpene and six new sesquiterpenes from the sea hare .

Aplydactylonin D (1), a diterpene possessing an unprecedented carbon skeleton with a 3-(-tolyl)-7,7a-dihydrocyclopenta[]pyran-6(2)-one core, and six new brominated sesquiterpenes, aplydactylonins E-K (2-7), were isolated from the sea hare . Their structures and absolute configurations were elucidated by the interpretation of spectroscopic data, quantum chemical calculations, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) analyses. All of the isolated compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against HepG2, A549 and MCF7 cells.

The synergy of metal-organic frameworks and biomaterials for bone tissue engineering: recent advances, challenges, and future recommendations.

There has recently been a noticeable increase in the prevalence of bone-related conditions, including osteoarthritis, arthritis, fractures, bone cancer, and infections, thereby creating an urgent demand for advanced biomaterials in regenerative medicine. Among emerging candidates, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), with their large surface area, tunable porosity, and inherent bioactivity, have demonstrated considerable potential in bone tissue engineering. Initially, research focused on pristine MOFs as bioactive scaffolds or drug delivery vehicles due to their capacity for controlled encapsulation and release of therapeutic agents.

Synthesis and α‑Glucosidase Inhibitory Study of Novel Ethanones Containing Naphthalene-Linked 1,2,4-Triazole.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic-metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, resulting in persistent hyperglycemia and severe complications. α-Glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs) effectively control postprandial blood glucose level by delaying carbohydrate digestion. This study reports the synthesis of novel naphthalene-linked 1,2,4-triazole-bearing ethanones (- and -) as potential AGIs.

, a new species of Gesneriaceae in Vietnam.

Based on morphological comparisons, literature reviews, and molecular systematic studies, a new species from South Vietnam, F.Wen, T.V.

Reference values for lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, manganese, and tin in blood of the general adult population of Vietnam.

This study measured and provided reference values for blood concentrations of lead (B-Pb), cadmium (B-Cd), mercury (B-Hg), arsenic (B-As), manganese (B-Mn), and tin (B-Sn) in Vietnamese adults. The study population consisted of 1077 Vietnamese adults of working age (18-60 years) without occupational exposure to heavy metals across all seven regions of Vietnam. The geometric mean, and 95th percentile of B-Pb was 23.

Descriptions of four new species of atyid shrimp (Crustacea, Decapoda, Atyidae) in Vietnam.

Recent surveys revealed a high biodiversity of freshwater shrimps, Atyidae De Haan, 1849 in northern Vietnam. Here, we describe four new species of the genus , , , , and . The new species can be distinguished from their congeners by distinct characteristics of the rostrum, stylocerite, first and second pereiopods, male first and second pleopods, and uropodal diaeresis.

Microplastic and microcystin in tropical drinking water reservoir: pollution characteristics and human health risk assessment.

The presence of microplastics (MPs) and cyanobacterial toxins (microcystin, MC) in drinking water is a growing public health concern. This study investigated their occurrence and distribution in a tropical reservoir from June 2023 to May 2024. MPs were found at all sites, with an abundance ranging from 1.

Cross-Sectional Study: Associations of A20 and Cezanne with Leukocyte Accumulation in B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by the aberrant proliferation of immature lymphoid cells. Lymphoblasts derived from the B-cell lymphoid lineage are identified as B-ALL. A20, CYLD and Cezanne are deubiquitinase genes that inhibit inflammatory response and tumor progression.

Investigating Andrographis paniculata Compounds for Apoptosis Induction in Cancer.

Background: Reactivating the apoptosis pathway in cancer cells represents a crucial therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment, as malignant cells often evade apoptosis to sustain uncontrolled proliferation. Among the anti-apoptotic proteins, Bcl-xL has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various cancers due to its overexpression. Inhibition of this protein has therefore emerged as a key target for several FDA-approved anticancer drugs.

Novel and Potential Photoprotective and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Effects of Extracts: Evidence from In Vitro Assays and Computational Approach.

, a native medicinal plant of Vietnam, has long been used in folk medicine to manage various diseases, including skin-related issues. However, limited research has been conducted on this herb's bioactivities and chemical composition. This study aims to investigate the chemical constituents and evaluate the anti-tyrosinase activity and UV-A/UV-B absorption capacity of extracts, highlighting their potential as natural sources for skin-whitening and sun protection agents.

Ecdysteroids, Phenolics, and Alkaloids From a Mangrove-Derived Fungus Aspergillus sp. BCXT-22.1 With Cytotoxic and NO Inhibitory Activities.

An EtOAc extract from the fermentation culture of a mangrove-derived fungus, Aspergillus sp. BCXT-22.1, was investigated, leading to the isolation and structural elucidation of 10 secondary metabolites, including two new compounds, polyporusterone H (1) and stellatinol A (4), along with eight known compounds, panuosterone (2), makisterone A (3), stellatin (5), embeurekol C (6), oxepinamide D (7), oxepinamide F (8), oxepinamide J (9), and protubonine B (10).

Lyssavirus Antibody Detection in Cave-Dwelling Bats on Cat Ba Island, Vietnam: Implications for Zoonotic Surveillance.

Southeast Asia is a biodiversity hotspot for bats that can carry lyssaviruses, causing zoonotic diseases. This study detects and quantifies IgG antibodies against glycoproteins in cave-dwelling bat populations on Cat Ba Island, northern Vietnam, to determine their past exposure history and the prevalence of immune responses. Samples were collected from five caves, encompassing three families and five key species (, , , , and ).

Novelties in the genus (Primulaceae) from Vietnam: a new species and two new records.

A new species, (Subgenus Tinus), is described from Lam Dong Province in the Central Highlands of Vietnam. Additionally, two taxa from the subgenus Bladhia of : , and are newly recorded from Vietnam. Photographic illustrations and voucher specimens for each species are provided.

Facile access to quinazolin-4(3)-ones by tandem Cu-catalyzed annulation of 2-nitrobenzonitrile and alcohols under air.

A convenient Cu-catalyzed synthesis of 2-arylquinazolin-4(3)-one derivatives has been developed from simple starting materials such as 2-nitrobenzonitriles and alcohols under mild conditions. This procedure showed a broad substrate scope and tolerance of functional groups, high yields, and no need to use oxidants or reductants, making synthesis simple, convenient, and sustainable. Our methodology may be utilized for the one-pot synthesis of glycosminine alkaloid.

Facile synthesis of C-TiO-MoS nanocomposite based on commercial TiO nanopowder for photodegradation of methylene blue.

We present a facile synthesis method for a C-TiO-MoS-based photocatalytic nanocomposite designed for the efficient degradation of pollutant dyes, specifically methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RhB). Few-layered MoS nanosheets were exfoliated from natural bulk MoS urea-assisted ball milling. These nanosheets were then mixed with TiO nanopowder and sodium deoxycholate (SDC) surfactant, followed by thermal annealing at 600 °C in argon (Ar) gas.

Molecular analysis supports the morphological identification of the amphistome Pseudodiscus collinsi (Paramphistomoidea: Platyhelminthes) in wild elephants of Sri Lanka.

Post-mortem examinations of elephants in Sri Lanka's Yala National Park morphologically identified amphistome flukes as Pseudodiscus collinsi, a species previously found in Indian elephants. These Sri Lankan worms had 100% ITS-2 sequence identity with that of the Indian P. collinsi Wayanad specimen (GenBank: PQ046280).

Improving the multiferroic properties and ability to absorb electromagnetic microwaves of NFO/BZT-BCT composites.

Multiferroic composites of NiFeO/(1 - )(0.5BaZrTiO-0.5BaCaTiO) (NFO/BZT-BCT with = 0, 0.

as a Novel Source of Huperzine Alkaloids and Huperzine-producing Fungi.

Huperzine A (HupA) and huperzine B (HupB) are potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used widely for clinical treatment of Alzheimer's disease, which are mainly extracrted from natural populations of species. This study aimed to the evaluate potential of producing Hup of native species collected in Vietnam as well as identify endophytic fungi that produce high Hup or simultaneously produce many types of Hup derived from this plant as a material source for natural Hup production. By HPLC-DAD-MS analysis, collected from Ha Giang, Vietnam was found as a novel producer of HupA and HupB with a yield of 0.