Genome-Wide Identification, Evolution, and Expression Analysis of GASA Gene Family in .

The Gibberellic Acid Stimulated Arabidopsis/Gibberellin Stimulated Transcript (GASA/GAST) gene family is a group of plant-specific genes encoding cysteine-rich peptides essential to plant growth, development, and stress responses. Although GASA family genes have been identified in various plant species, their functional roles in are still unknown. In this study, a total of 16 genes were identified via a genome-wide scan in and were grouped into three major gene clades based on the phylogenetic tree.

Cytological, physiological and transcriptomic analysis of variegated Leaves in Primulina pungentisepala offspring.

Background: Primulina pungentisepala is suitable for use as a potted plant because of its beautiful leaf variegation, which is significantly different in its selfed offspring. However, the mechanism of P. pungentisepala leaf variegation is unclear.

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals that Exogenous Melatonin Confers Disease Resistance to .

Leaf blight, caused by (Berk.) Cooke, is a devastating disease that limits the production of in China and in other countries worldwide. Numerous studies have indicated that plants have evolved sophisticated and effective signal transduction and defense-related pathways in response to pathogen invasion.

Integration of Transcriptome and Metabolome Reveals the Formation Mechanism of Red Stem in .

var. purpurea, commonly known as "Red Bone", is a special variety with pink or purple-red xylem. It is famous due to gorgeous petals and delightful aromas, playing important roles in urban landscaping.

PtaERF194 inhibits plant growth and enhances drought tolerance in poplar.

The water deficits limit the growth and development of agricultural and forest organisms. The AP2/ethylene response factor (ERF) family has been identified as one of the largest plant-specific transcription factors (TFs) essential for plant development and stress response. The function of PtaERF194 in growth and drought tolerance was detected in the overexpression (OX) and RNA interference (RNAi) transgenic poplar 717 hybrids (Populus tremula × Populus alba).

Integration of Transcriptome and Methylome Analyses Provides Insight Into the Pathway of Floral Scent Biosynthesis in .

DNA methylation is a common epigenetic modification involved in regulating many biological processes. However, the epigenetic mechanisms involved in the formation of floral scent have rarely been reported within a famous traditional ornamental plant emitting pleasant fragrance in China. By combining whole-genome bisulfite sequencing and RNA-seq, we determined the global change in DNA methylation and expression levels of genes involved in the biosynthesis of floral scent in four different flowering stages of .

Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Overexpression of MYB Transcription Factors on the Regulatory Mechanisms of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis.

MYBs ( avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homologs) are important transcriptional regulators that play critical roles in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis. The overexpression of genes has been reported in different plant species. However, the inconsistent strategies to assess transgenic plants have made it difficult to explain the complex mechanisms of regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis by .

Genome-Wide Identification and Low-Temperature Expression Analysis of bHLH Genes in .

is an illustrious ornamental woody plant with colorful flowers, delicate fragrances, and graceful tree forms. Low temperature limits its geographical distribution. The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins exist in most eukaryotes as a transcription factor superfamily, which play a crucial role in metabolism, physiology, development, and response to various stresses of higher organisms.

Decapitation Experiments Combined with the Transcriptome Analysis Reveal the Mechanism of High Temperature on Chrysanthemum Axillary Bud Formation.

Temperature is an important factor that largely affects the patterns of shoot branching in plants. However, the effect and mechanism of temperature on axillary bud development in chrysanthemum remains poorly defined. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of high temperature on the axillary bud growth and the mechanism of axillary bud formation in chrysanthemum.

Integrative Identification of Crucial Genes Associated With Plant Hormone-Mediated Bud Dormancy in .

is an important ornamental woody plant with winter-flowering property, which is closely related to bud dormancy. Despite recent scientific headway in deciphering the mechanism of bud dormancy in , the overall picture of gene co-expression regulating bud dormancy is still unclear. Here a total of 23 modules were screened by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), of which 12 modules were significantly associated with heteroauxin, abscisic acid (ABA), and gibberellin (GA), including GA1, GA3, and GA4.

Identification and QTL Analysis of Flavonoids and Carotenoids in Tetraploid Roses Based on an Ultra-High-Density Genetic Map.

Roses are highly valuable within the flower industry. The metabolites of anthocyanins, flavonols, and carotenoids in rose petals are not only responsible for the various visible petal colors but also important bioactive compounds that are important for human health. In this study, we performed a QTL analysis on pigment contents to locate major loci that determine the flower color traits.

Identification of the PmWEEP locus controlling weeping traits in Prunus mume through an integrated genome-wide association study and quantitative trait locus mapping.

Weeping Prunus mume (mei) has long been cultivated in East Asia for its specific ornamental value. However, little is known about the regulatory mechanism of the weeping trait in mei, which limits molecular breeding for the improvement of weeping-type cultivars. Here, we quantified the weeping trait in mei using nested phenotyping of 214 accessions and 342 F hybrids.

Research advances in and prospects of ornamental plant genomics.

The term 'ornamental plant' refers to all plants with ornamental value, which generally have beautiful flowers or special plant architectures. China is rich in ornamental plant resources and known as the "mother of gardens". Genomics is the science of studying genomes and is useful for carrying out research on genome evolution, genomic variations, gene regulation, and important biological mechanisms based on detailed genome sequence information.

Two Cyc2CL transcripts (Cyc2CL-1 and Cyc2CL-2) may play key roles in the petal and stamen development of ray florets in chrysanthemum.

Background: Chrysanthemum morifolium is one of the most popular ornamental crops. The capitulum, which is the main ornamental part of chrysanthemum plants, consists of ligulate marginal ray florets, an attractive corolla (petals), and radially hermaphroditic disc florets, but no stamens. In Asteraceae species, the zygomorphic ray florets evolved from the actinomorphic disc florets.

Genome-wide identification, characterisation, and evolution of subfamily in nine Rosaceae species and expression analysis in mei ().

Rosaceae is an important family containing some of the highly evolved fruit and ornamental plants. Abiotic stress responses play key roles in the seasonal growth and development of plants. However, the molecular basis of stress responses remains largely unknown in Rosaceae.

Comparative gene expression analysis reveals that multiple mechanisms regulate the weeping trait in Prunus mume.

Prunus mume (also known as Mei) is an important ornamental plant that is popular with Asians. The weeping trait in P. mume has attracted the attention of researchers for its high ornamental value.

Characteristics and Expression Analyses of Trehalose-6-Phosphate Synthase Family in Reveal Genes Involved in Trehalose Biosynthesis and Drought Response.

Trehalose and its key synthase (trehalose-6-phosphate synthase, TPS) can improve the drought tolerance of plants. However, little is known about the roles of trehalose and the TPS family in response to drought. In our study, we discovered that the trehalose content in leaf, root, and stem tissues significantly increased in in response to drought.

CmCYC2-like transcription factors may interact with each other or bind to the promoter to regulate floral symmetry development in Chrysanthemum morifolium.

The complex capitulum of Chrysanthemum morifolium is often comprised of bilaterally symmetrical ray florets and radially symmetrical disc florets. The TCP transcription factor clade CYCLOIDEA2 (CYC2) appears to play a vital role in determining floral symmetry and in regulating floral organ development in Asteraceae. Our previous study identified six CmCYC2 genes from chrysanthemum and showed that CmCYC2c participated in the regulation of ray floret identity.

Selection of optimal reference genes for qRT-PCR analysis of shoot development and graviresponse in prostrate and erect chrysanthemums.

The prostrate cultivars of ground-cover chrysanthemum have been used in landscape gardening due to their small stature, large crown width and strong branching ability. qRT-PCR is a rapid and powerful tool for gene expression analysis, while its accuracy highly depends on the stability of reference genes. The paucity of authentic reference genes presents a major hurdle in understanding the genetic regulators of prostrate architecture.

Transcriptome analysis during floral organ development provides insights into stamen petaloidy in Lagerstroemia speciosa.

As one of the most popular woody species that blooms in summer, Lagerstroemia speciosa has been used abundantly in urban landscape for its excellent floral beauty. For the first time, we discovered a double-flower variant with all petaloid stamens. To understand the molecular basis of this variation, we contrasted the transcriptomes of single- and double-flower buds at three stamen development stages.

Genome-wide identification, characterization and expression analysis of the HD-Zip gene family in the stem development of the woody plant .

The homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-Zip) gene family, a group of plant-specific transcriptional factors (TFs), participates in regulating growth, development, and environmental responses. However, the characteristics and biological functions of HD-Zip genes in , which blooms in late winter or early spring, have not been reported. In this study, 32 HD-Zip genes, named - based on their chromosomal positions, were identified in the genome of .

Identification and comparative analysis of the gene family and characterization of the cold stress response in the woody plant .

is an important ornamental woody plant that grows in tropical and subtropical regions. Freezing stress can adversely impact plant productivity and limit the expansion of geographical locations. Understanding cold-responsive genes could potentially bring about the development of new ways to enhance plant freezing tolerance.

Interactions between WUSCHEL- and CYC2-like Transcription Factors in Regulating the Development of Reproductive Organs in .

is a gynomonoecious plant that bears both female zygomorphic ray florets and bisexual actinomorphic disc florets in the inflorescence. This sexual system is quite prevalent in Asteraceae, but poorly understood. CYCLOIDEA (CYC) 2 subclade transcription factors, key regulators of flower symmetry and floret identity in Asteraceae, have also been speculated to function in reproductive organs and could be an entry point for studying gynomonoecy.

Determination of Flavonoids and Carotenoids and Their Contributions to Various Colors of Rose Cultivars ( spp.).

Rose is one of the most valuable ornamental crops worldwide. In this study, the composition of hydrophilic and lipophilic pigments in petals of six rose cultivars at seven developing stages was investigated using high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Four anthocyanins, 20 flavonols, and 10 carotenoids were detected in petals of tested cultivars.

Expansion of genes in the genome induces characteristic floral scent production.

is the only plant in the genus of the Rosaceae family with a characteristic floral scent, and the main component of this scent is benzyl acetate. By contrast, benzyl acetate is not synthesized in flowers. Here, we searched for () genes based on genomic data from and and found 44 unique in .