Unveiling the binding details of berberine mid-chain fatty acid salts on lysozyme: Multi-spectroscopy and molecular docking.

The interactions of three berberine mid-chain fatty acid salts ([BBR][C], n = 6, 7, 8) with lysozyme (Lyz) are investigated in detail using multi-spectroscopic and molecular docking techniques. Steady-state fluorescence and UV-visible absorption experiments suggest that the binding mechanism of [BBR][C] on Lyz is a static quenching with a binding ratio of 1:1. The compound [BBR][C] exhibits a moderate binding affinity toward Lyz.

Viscosity-sensitive fluorescent probes based on the hemicyanine for the organelle-specific visualization during autophagy and ferroptosis.

The dynamic monitoring of cell death processes remains a significant challenge due to the scarcity of highly sensitive molecular tools. In this study, two hemicyanine-based probes (5a-5b) with D-π-A structures were developed for organelle-specific viscosity monitoring. Both probes exhibited correlation with the Förster-Hoffmann viscosity-dependent relationship (R > 0.

Early warning of harmful cyanobacteria blooms based on high frequency in situ monitoring and intelligible machine learning modelling: The case study of Lake Müggelsee (Germany).

Driven by eutrophication and global warming, the occurrence and frequency of harmful cyanobacteria blooms (CyanoHABs) are increasing worldwide, posing a serious threat to human health and biodiversity. Early warning enables precautional control measures of CyanoHABs within water bodies and in water works, and it becomes operational with high frequency in situ data (HFISD) of water quality and forecasting models by machine learning (ML). However, the acceptance of early warning systems by end-users relies significantly on the interpretability and generalizability of underlying models, and their operability.

Integrating opinion dynamics and differential game modeling for sustainable groundwater management.

Groundwater overextraction presents persistent challenges due to strategic interdependence among decentralized users. While game-theoretic models have advanced the analysis of individual incentives and collective outcomes, most frameworks assume fully rational agents and neglect the role of cognitive and social factors. This study proposes a coupled model that integrates opinion dynamics with a differential game of groundwater extraction, capturing the interaction between institutional authority and evolving stakeholder preferences.

Resolve and regulate: Alum nanoplatform coordinating STING availability and agonist delivery for enhanced anti-tumor immunotherapy.

The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway represents a promising target in cancer immunotherapy. However, the clinical translation of cyclic dinucleotide (CDN)-based STING agonists remains hindered by insufficient formation of functional CDN-STING complexes. This critical bottleneck arises from two interdependent barriers: inefficient cytosolic CDN delivery and tumor-specific STING silencing via DNA methyltransferase-mediated promoter hypermethylation.

Associations of frailty and its changes with the risks of depressive symptoms: A multi-cohort study.

Background: Frailty is a dynamic condition that may affect mental health. This study aimed to investigate the associations of frailty and its changes with the risks of depressive symptoms across multiple regions in aging populations.

Methods: Data were drawn from five cohort studies in the United States, England, Europe, China, and Mexico.

Exploring the olfactory repertoire of the ecologically important parasitoid wasp Microplitis mediator (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): from gene structures to expression analysis.

The ability of parasitoid wasps to precisely locate hosts in complex environments is a key factor in suppressing pest populations. Chemical communication plays an essential role in mediating insect behaviors such as locating food sources, hosts, and mates. Odorant receptors (ORs) are the key connection between external odors and olfactory nerves.

A pediatric-onset case of chronic kidney disease caused by a novel sporadic variant and literature review.

Background: The α-actinin-4 (ACTN4) gene encodes an actin-binding protein, which plays a crucial role in maintaining the structure and function of podocytes. Previous studies have confirmed that ACTN4 mutations can lead to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis-1 (FSGS1), a rare disease primarily manifesting in adolescence or adulthood, characterized by mild to moderate proteinuria, with some cases progressing slowly to end-stage renal disease.

Case Presentation: We report a 12.

Expression and clinical correlation of cathepsin S, programmed cell death-1 ligand 1, and BRAFV600E mutation in children with Langerhans cell histiocytosis.

Background: The expression and clinical correlation of BRAFV600E mutation and programmed cell death-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) in children with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) have been reported, but the conclusions of previous studies are inconsistent. In addition, it has been reported that elevated cathepsin S (CTSS) expression is associated with various cancers. However, there is currently no research on the correlation between CTSS and LCH.

Human-Centered Urban Heat Island Intensity in Global Megacities: Nonlinear Response Patterns and Region-Specific Thresholds.

As the global urban heat island (UHI) effect intensifies, understanding how UHI intensity responds to its influencing factors changes is critical for designing effective mitigation strategies. We focused on global megacities, shifted the UHI intensity assessment from physical indicators to human-related parameters, and then evaluated how human-centered UHI intensity responded to influencing factor change. We verified a significant discrepancy between traditional UHI intensity and human-centered UHI intensity worldwide, an average absolute difference of 1.

Asymmetric Fe-O-Ni Pair Sites in Two-Step Dealloyed Prussian Blue Analogue Nanocubes Enrich Linear-Adsorbed Intermediates for Efficient Oxygen Evolution.

Ni-Fe (oxy)hydroxides are among the most active oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts in alkaline media. However, achieving precise control over local asymmetric Fe-O-Ni active sites in Ni-Fe oxyhydroxides for key oxygenated intermediates' adsorption steric configuration regulation of the OER is still challenging. Herein, we report a two-step dealloying strategy to fabricate asymmetric Fe-O-Ni pair sites in the shell of NiOOH@FeOOH/NiOOH heterostructures from NiFe Prussian blue analogue (PBA) nanocubes, involving anion exchange and structure reconstruction.

Visible-Light-Induced Cascade Cyclization of Isocyanobiaryls with Hydrosilanes for the Synthesis of 6-Silylated Phenanthridines.

A visible-light-induced cascade cyclization of isocyanobiaryls with hydrosilanes has been developed for the synthesis of 6-silylated phenanthridines. Readily available hydrosilanes were employed as silyl radical precursors under room-temperature conditions. The merits of the transformation include operational simplicity, mild conditions, high atom economy, and good functional group compatibility.

Nutritional Symbiosis Between Ants and Their Symbiotic Microbes.

Nutritional symbioses with microorganisms have profoundly shaped the evolutionary success of ants, enabling them to overcome dietary limitations and thrive across diverse ecological niches and trophic levels. These interactions are particularly crucial for ants with specialized diets, where microbial symbionts compensate for dietary imbalances by contributing to nitrogen metabolism, vitamin supplementation, and the catabolism of plant fibers and proteins. This review synthesizes recent advances in our understanding of ant-microbe symbioses, focusing on diversity, functional roles in host nutrition, and mechanisms of transmission of symbiotic microorganisms.

Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Parasitoid-Derived Host Manipulation Strategies.

Parasitoid wasps are a diverse group of insects with a unique parasitic lifestyle that allows them to spend their lives closely interacting with their insect hosts, facilitated by parasitic effectors, including venom, polydnaviruses, and teratocytes. These effectors manipulate various aspects of insect host biology to increase the survival of the parasitoids' offspring. During the last two decades, omics and functional studies have significantly advanced our understanding of how parasitoids manipulate their hosts at the molecular level.

Photofunctionalization of Light Alkanes by FeO/BCN at 12 °C.

The activation of methane and other gaseous hydrocarbons at low temperature remains a substantial challenge for the chemistry community. Here, we report an anaerobic photosystem based on crystalline borocarbonitride (BCN) supported Fe-O nanoclusters, which can selectively functionalize C-H bonds of methane, ethane, and higher alkanes to value-added organic chemicals at 12 °C. Scanning transmission electron microscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy corroborated the ultrafine FeOOH and FeO species in Fe-O clusters, which enhanced the interfacial charge transfer/separation of BCN as well as the chemisorption of methane.

Unlocking Nano-CSH and Silica Fume to Enhance the Performance of Alkali-Free Liquid Accelerators in Low-Temperature Environments.

This article is based on the research background of an early performance of shotcrete under low-temperature environments. Silica fume (SF) (silicon powder) and nano-CSH are used to improve the effect of the low-temperature environment on the performance of alkali-free (AF) liquid accelerators and early strength of shotcrete. The results show that the 10% SF and 3% nano-CSH composite admixture significantly enhances AF accelerators' performance at 5 °C, reducing initial and final setting times to 3.

Programmable Dual-Phase Electrochemical Biosensor Combines Homogeneous CRISPR/Cas12a Activation with Interfacial Poly-G Signaling for miRNA-21 Detection.

Despite the promise of electrochemical biosensors in amplified nucleic acid diagnostics, existing high-sensitivity platforms often rely on a multilayer surface assembly and cascade amplification confined to the electrode interface. These stepwise strategies suffer from inefficient enzyme activity, poor mass transport, and inconsistent probe orientation, which compromise the amplification efficiency, reproducibility, and practical applicability. To address these limitations, we report a programmable dual-phase electrochemical biosensing system that decouples amplification from signal transduction.

Perylenediimide-Based Donor-Acceptor MOF for Sunlight-Driven Photocatalytic -α-C(sp)-H Bond Functionalization of Tetrahydroisoquinoline.

Sequential assembly of donor-acceptor components at the molecular level within a MOF is an effective strategy to achieve efficient electron-hole separation for enhancing the activity of photocatalysts. Meanwhile, the highly efficient and selective functionalization of tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) under mild conditions remains an urgent demand in both the scientific and industrial communities. This work reports a donor-acceptor MOF photocatalyst () constructed by the coordinated assembly of donor and acceptor components, in which a naphthalene unit serves as an electron donor and a perylenediimide unit as an electron acceptor.

Ultrahigh Sensitive Human Inspired Neurons for Artificial Nociceptor Systems.

Mimicking human brain functionalities with neuromorphic devices represents a pivotal breakthrough in developing bioinspired electronic systems. The human somatosensory system provides critical environmental information and facilitates responses to harmful stimuli, endowing us with good adaptive capabilities. However, current sensing technologies often struggle with insufficient sensitivity, dynamic response, and integration challenges.

Theoretical Study of Ru-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Heteroarylation of Aryl Carboxylic Acids.

The -di(2-pyridyl)arenes, featuring a unique structure, hold significant promise for applications in fluorescent probes, synthetic nanoparticle stabilizers, and chemical synthesis. The mechanism of Ru-catalyzed decarboxylation and heteroarylation reactions of aryl carboxylic acids to access -dipyridylarenes was elucidated using DFT calculations, which involved C-H bond activation, oxidative addition, reductive elimination, and decarboxylation processes to form -di(2-pyridyl)arenes. The rate-determining step of the reaction is the second reductive elimination step with an energy barrier of 27.

Warm temperature-induced autophagy mediates selective degradation of TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION 1 thus promoting plant thermomorphogenesis.

Plant thermomorphogenesis is a critical adaptive response to elevated ambient temperatures. The transcription factor PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4) integrates diverse environmental and phytohormone signals to coordinate thermoresponsive growth. However, the cellular mechanisms underlying plant thermomorphogenic growth remain poorly understood.

Genomic resequencing unravels species differentiation and polyploid origins in the aquatic plant genus Trapa.

Trapa L. is a non-cereal aquatic crop with significant economic and ecological value. However, debates over its classification have caused uncertainties in species differentiation and the mechanisms of polyploid speciation.

Synthesis and Evaluation of Phenoxybenzylpiperidinyl Analogues as Agonists of the Chemokine Receptor CCR8.

The human chemokine receptor 8 (CCR8) received attention as target for the treatment of various autoimmune disorders. Phenoxybenzylpiperidine analogues are known to act as CCR8 agonists, although their structure-activity relationship (SAR) has been studied to a limited extent. In this study, the SAR of phenoxybenzylpiperidinyl analogues was explored in a systematic way by fusion or insertion of various heterocyclic groups on the piperidinyl ring, yielding a set of 21 novel phenoxybenzylpiperidinyl derivatives.

20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 Inhibits Neuroinflammation Induced by Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Regulating the Toll-Like Receptor 4/Myeloid Differentiation Factor-88/Nuclear Factor Kappa B Signaling Pathway.

20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 can reduce the effects of oxidative stress and cell death in cerebral ischemia‒reperfusion injury (CIRI). Neuroinflammation is crucial post-CIRI, but how 20(R)-Rg3 affects ischemia‒reperfusion-induced neuroinflammation is unclear. To study 20(R)-Rg3's effects on neuroinflammation and neuronal preservation in stroke models and explore toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation factor-88/nuclear factor kappa B (TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB) pathway mechanisms.

F-FDG Versus Tissue Factor-Targeted PET/CT in Longitudinal Evaluation of the Formation of DEN-Induced Rat Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Tissue factor (TF) has emerged as a promising target for the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, there is limited data available on TF-related PET imaging for longitudinal monitoring of the pathophysiological changes during HCC formation. Herein, we aimed to explore the TF-expression feature and compare a novel TF-targeted PET probe with F-FDG through longitudinal imaging in diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced rat HCC.