Exploring the Functional Role of Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) in the Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Using Transcriptomic Sequencing Analysis.

Background: Prostate cancer is one of the principal malignancies threatening human health, and the development of castration resistance often constitutes a major cause of treatment failure in its management.

Methods: To elucidate the potential association between programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and castration resistance in prostate cancer, we analyzed the expression levels of PD-L1 in both primary prostate cancer tissues and castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) specimens as well as in corresponding cell lines by using western blots and immunohistochemistry. Then, we explored the specific mechanisms through transcriptomic sequencing technology.

Zincophilic/Hydrophobic Valine Enabled Electrolyte Coordination Environment Optimization and Electrical Double-Layer Regulation for a Highly Stable and Dendrite-Free Zinc Metal Anode.

Economically viable and biologically compatible amino acids demonstrate significant potential as electrolyte microstructure modifiers in aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs). Compared to polar amino acids, nonpolar amino acids simultaneously own zincophilicity and hydrophobicity, showing great potential in the industrial application of AZIBs. However, nonpolar amino acids have been comparatively understudied in existing research investigations.

Mechanisms of Enhanced Efficiency and Stability in Perovskite Luminescence via Rb Interstitial Doping.

Metal halide perovskites have garnered significant attention due to their exceptional photoelectric properties. The alkali metal doping strategy has been demonstrated to effectively modulate grain size, control crystallization kinetics, and adjust band gap characteristics in perovskite. This study employs the first-principles calculations to reveal that the selection of alkali metal species and their corresponding doping methodologies exert markedly distinct influences on both the electronic properties and ion migration kinetics of CsPbBr perovskites.

Intestinal epithelial Ceacam1 deficiency prevents steroid-refractory acute gut graft-versus-host disease.

Steroid-refractory gut acute graft-versus-host disease (SR-Gut-aGVHD) is the major cause of nonrelapse death after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. High numbers of donor-type IL-22+ T cells, IL-22-dependent dysbiosis, and loss of antiinflammatory CX3CR1hi mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs) play critical roles in SR-Gut-aGVHD pathogenesis. CEACAM1 on intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) is proposed to regulate bacterial translocation and subsequent immune responses in the intestine.

Food safety analysis: network toxicology, molecular docking, machine learning and single-cell analysis to interpret sodium benzoate-induced renal injury from multiple perspectives.

Background: Sodium benzoate, a common food additive, has raised safety concerns despite its general recognition as safe. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of sodium benzoate-induced nephrotoxicity.

Method: A network toxicology approach was used to identify key targets and core pathways involved in sodium benzoate nephrotoxicity.

Abnormal zona pellucida and follicular development in -mutant macaques.

Zona pellucida glycoprotein-1 (ZP1) is essential for maintaining oocyte structural integrity and facilitating fertilization. Mutations in are strongly associated with primary infertility disorders such as fertilization failure and empty follicle syndrome; however, the absence of accurate experimental models has hindered mechanistic understanding and obscured the etiological basis of -related infertility. In this study, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing was employed to generate two -edited cynomolgus macaques ( ), designated #ZP1-1 (male) and #ZP1-2 (female).

Testis-specific protein HSF5 is essential for proper chromatin organization and transcriptional reprogramming to drive pachynema progression.

Chromatin remodeling and transcriptional reprogramming play critical roles during mammalian meiotic prophase I; however, the precise mechanisms regulating these processes remain poorly understood. Our previous work demonstrated that deletion of heat shock factor 5 (HSF5), a member of the heat shock factor family, induces meiotic arrest and male infertility. However, the molecular pathways through which HSF5 governs meiotic progression have not yet been fully elucidated.

Taxonomy, phylogeny, and biogeography of the Oriental subfamily Perittopinae China & Usinger, 1949 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Veliidae).

The collision of the Indian and Eurasian plates during the Eocene represents a major tectonic shift that significantly altered biotic dynamics and promoted species diversification across the Oriental region. To explain the diversification of taxa from the Indian subcontinent into Southeast Asia, two principal hypotheses have been proposed: the "Biotic-ferry" and "Step-stone" models. The subfamily Perittopinae, a lineage of semi-aquatic bugs comprising a single genus and 20 extant species, provides an ideal system for testing these hypotheses due to its disjunct distribution spanning the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia.

Taxonomic revision of the critically endangered big-headed turtles (Reptilia: Testudines: Platysternidae Gray, 1869), with description of a new species.

The big-headed turtle ( ), currently the only extant member of the genus and the family Platysternidae, has undergone severe population declines driven by poaching, illegal trade, and habitat loss, leading to its classification as Critically Endangered (CR) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Despite its conservation status, persistent taxonomic ambiguities and unresolved phylogenetic relationships have hindered effective protection and management. This study integrated evidence from genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), mitochondrial DNA sequences ( , ), and morphological data to reconstruct the phylogeny and phylogeography of and revise its taxonomy.

Apoptosis regulates intestinal regeneration via iPLA2 and EGFL7 signaling in .

Apoptosis preserves organismal homeostasis by selectively eliminating unnecessary or damaged cells, with accumulating evidence also suggesting that it activates regenerative pathways and facilitates tissue remodeling. To date, however, the regulatory mechanisms linking this form of programmed cell death to regeneration remain poorly defined, particularly in evolutionarily basal organisms. Using the sea cucumber ( ) as a model for intestinal regeneration, this study identified robust apoptotic activity across key regenerative stages.

Epigenetic regulation and maternal-to-zygotic transition in dwarf surf clam ( ): Insights from chromatin state profiling and transcriptomics.

Bivalve mollusks represent a taxonomically and economically significant clade within Mollusca. However, the regulatory mechanisms governing their embryonic development remain poorly characterized. The dwarf surf clam ( ), characterized by a short generation time and high fecundity, has recently gained recognition as an ideal model system for bivalve embryological research.

Dopaminergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus may modulate social dominance in mice.

Social hierarchies are central to the organizational structure of group-living species, shaping individual physiology, behavior, and social interactions. Dopaminergic (DA) systems, particularly within the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and dorsal raphe nucleus (DR), have been linked to motivation and competitive behaviors, yet their region-specific contributions to social dominance remain insufficiently defined. This study investigated the role of VTA and DR DA neurons in regulating social dominance in sexually naïve male C57BL/6J mice.

Asymmetric catalytic synthesis of chiral deuterated compounds.

Deuterated compounds possess significant research value. As interest in chiral deuterated compounds intensifies, various deuteration methods are garnering increased attention. This article primarily reviews the asymmetric deuterium synthesis methods reported in recent years, focusing on the following strategies: one-step reductive deuteration, the series reaction of H/D exchange and asymmetric allylation, the [3+2] asymmetric cycloaddition of 1,3-dipoles and alkenes, asymmetric deuteration photocatalysis, asymmetric deuteration using organic catalysis, and asymmetric deuteration of chiral amino acids and their derivatives through biocatalysis.

The Role of Gut Microbiota on Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Mediated by Circulating Inflammatory Proteins: A Two-Step, Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.

Background: Persistent inflammation is a crucial characteristic of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Gut microbiota (GM) contribute to the occurrence and development of several pulmonary diseases through the "gut-lung axis." The genetic role of GM in IPF and the mediating effect of circulating inflammatory proteins.

Static Magnetic Field Promotes Wheat Nitrogen Assimilation by Repressing Jasmonates Biosynthesis Through TaHY5.

The magnetic field is a continuously present environmental factor. It has been found that many species, including plants, can sense and utilise it. However, the effects of the magnetic field on plants and its potential utilisation, especially in crops, have been little explored.

Phase II Dose-Randomized Study of Sunvozertinib in Platinum-Pretreated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer With Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Exon 20 Insertion Mutations (WU-KONG1B).

Purpose: WU-KONG1B (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03974022) is a multinational phase II, dose-randomized study to assess the antitumor efficacy of sunvozertinib in pretreated patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with epidermal growth factor receptor () exon 20 insertion mutations (exon20ins).

Methods: Eligible patients with advanced-stage exon20ins NSCLC were randomly assigned by 1:1 ratio to receive sunvozertinib 200 mg or 300 mg once daily (200 and 300 mg-rand cohorts).

CDK Inhibitor R547 Attenuates Pressure Overload-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy via PI3K/AKT and TGF-β/Smad3 Signaling Pathways.

Chronic stress-induced cardiac hypertrophy remains a critical precursor to heart failure, with current therapies limited by incomplete mechanistic targeting. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), pivotal regulators of cell cycle and stress signaling, are emerging therapeutic targets in cardiovascular pathologies. Using bioinformatics analysis of human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy datasets (GSE5500, GSE136308) and a murine transverse aortic constriction (TAC) model, we investigated the therapeutic effects of the CDK inhibitor R547 (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneal every 3 days) on pressure overload-induced cardiac remodeling.

Impact of Tartary Buckwheat Sprout Flour on Dough Rheological Properties and Quality of Cooked Noodles.

The growing consumer interest in functional and health-oriented foods prompted the incorporation of tartary buckwheat sprout flour (TBSF) into food production. The addition of TBSF enhanced the nutritional value of noodles. Research has shown that as the proportion of TBSF increased, both the water absorption rate and thermal stability of the dough improved, while formation time decreased and dough aging was inhibited.

Black mulberry anthocyanins induce antidepressant-like effects the BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway.

Depression is a widespread mental health condition associated with impaired neuroplasticity and disrupted brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/TrkB signaling. Black mulberry, rich in anthocyanins, shows promise as a natural intervention for its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory profiles. This study evaluated the antidepressant-like effects of black mulberry anthocyanins in mice subjected to chronic mild stress (CMS).

High-voltage electrical pulses for pancreatic cancer treatment in the era of precision medicine.

Background: Pancreatic cancer (PC) presents a significant therapeutic challenge due to its immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Emerging evidence supports the efficacy of high-voltage electrical pulses (HVEPs) in PC treatment, leveraging dual benefits of pancreatobiliary duct integrity maintenance and immunogenicity activation.

Objective: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched from January 2000 to January 2025.

Enhanced Sodium-Ion Battery Performance via Carbon Nanotube-Confined Prussian Blue Crystallites.

Sodium-ion batteries are promising candidates for large-scale energy storage due to their low cost and resource abundance. However, their cathode materials suffer from poor conductivity and limited cycling stability. Here, we report a Prussian blue (PB)-based cathode hybridized with carboxyl-functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) via a glutamic acid-assisted in situ coordination route.