Integrating clinical anxiety scales with pre-trained language models for anxiety recognition on social media.

Leveraging natural language processing to identify anxiety states from social media has been widely studied. However, existing research lacks deep user-level semantic modeling and effective anxiety feature extraction. Additionally, the absence of clinical domain knowledge in current models limits their interpretability and medical relevance.

A similar effect of fibrinogen on efficacy and safety of tenecteplase alteplase in acute ischemic cerebrovascular events (TRACE II) trial.

Background And Objectives: Hemostasis factors affecting clot patterns, particularly fibrinogen, may influence the effectiveness of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT). We aimed to investigate the impact of differences in fibrinogen plasma levels on the efficacy and safety of tenecteplase alteplase in an acute ischemic cerebrovascular events-II (TRACE-II) trial.

Methods: In a multi-center, prospective, open-label, end-point blinded, randomized, controlled trial.

Lesion Network Mapping for Atrial Fibrillation Newly Detected on ECG or Cardiac Monitoring After Stroke.

Background: Atrial fibrillation detected after stroke is a distinct clinical entity that may stem from cardiogenic-neurogenic interactions. We aimed to illuminate the lesion network mapping of atrial fibrillation newly detected on ECG or cardiac monitoring after stroke and explore the association between the central autonomic network and occurrence of atrial fibrillation.

Methods: We performed voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping, structural disconnection connectome mapping and functional disconnection connectome mapping to locate lesions and networks for atrial fibrillation newly detected on ECG or cardiac monitoring after stroke.

Anterior olfactory nucleus mediates parallel inter-bulbar pathways in rodents.

Background: Interhemispheric communication of olfactory information is crucial for accurate odor perception and odor source localization in animals. However, the underlying structural basis for this communication in mammals remains poorly understood. Using electrophysiological recordings and virus-mediated tracing, we systematically dissected the neural circuits involved in interhemispheric transmission between the bilateral olfactory bulbs (OBs).

High-Precision, Low-Threshold Neuromodulation With Ultraflexible Electrode Arrays for Brain-to-Brain Interfaces.

Neuromodulation is crucial for advancing neuroscience and treating neurological disorders. However, traditional methods using rigid electrodes have been limited by large stimulating currents, low precision, and the risk of tissue damage. In this work, we developed a biocompatible ultraflexible electrode array that allows for both neural recording of spike firings and low-threshold, high-precision stimulation for neuromodulation.

Neuroplasticity and brain health: insights from natural torpor.

Natural torpor is a seasonal adaptation that ensures very low energy expenditure to survive periods of harsh conditions. The brains of hibernating mammals can survive prolonged periods with a low body temperature and low energy supply. Moreover, they exhibit marked changes in neuronal morphology, function, and network connectivity during the torpor-arousal transition.

Electroacupuncture reduces microglial hyperactivity and synaptic phagocytosis in the medial prefrontal cortex to treat chronic pain comorbid with anxiety and depression.

The role of dysfunctional microglial phagocytosis in the comorbidity of pain and affective disorders remains unclear. This study aimed to develop a potential therapeutic strategy targeting microglial phagocytosis. We established a mouse model of chronic constriction injury of the infraorbital nerve (CION) to induce pain and anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors simultaneously.

Crossing nerve transfer restores limb movement by reorganizing the cortico-rubro-spinal pathway in peripheral nerve injury.

Peripheral nerves connect the central nervous system to the limbs. Crossing nerve transfer (CNT) promotes motor recovery after unilateral brain injury by inducing functional reorganization in central neural circuits. However, how specific circuits reorganize following peripheral nerve injury (PNI) under intact central pathways remains unclear.

Association between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and ischemic stroke outcomes under different glucose metabolism statuses: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), a marker of systemic inflammation, is associated with clinical outcomes after stroke. This study aimed to explore the relationship between baseline hs-CRP levels and outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with different glucose metabolism statuses.

Methods: Using data from the China National Stroke Registry III, patients with AIS or transient ischemic attack were categorized by baseline hs-CRP (low-risk, <1.

Designed optogenetic tool for bridging single-neuronal multimodal information in intact animals.

Integrating morphological, functional and molecular information of individual neurons is critical for classifying neuronal cell types and probing circuit mechanisms of brain functions. Despite the emergence of extensive single-neuronal morphology datasets largely via random sparse labeling, it remains challenging to map arbitrarily selected neuron's morphology in vivo, especially in conjunction with its functional and molecular characteristics. Here, we report a genetically encoded Photo-inducible single-cell labeling system (Pisces) that enables simple, rapid and long-term in vivo labeling of the entire morphology of arbitrary neurons, as exemplified in intact larval zebrafish.

Whole-brain spatial distribution of serine incorporator 2 mRNA in adult C57BL/6 J mice.

Serine Incorporator 2(SERINC2), a highly conserved eukaryotic membrane lipid regulator, promotes critical membrane lipid biosynthesis to maintain neuronal metabolic homeostasis by assembling serine synthase complexes. Our team previously identified SERINC2 as a bipolar disorder (BD) risk gene in Chinese Han familial BD cases, with mutations affecting cerebral white matter volume. Despite established clinical relevance, brain expression patterns of SERINC2 remains poorly characterized experimentally.

Low-intensity transcranial ultrasound neuromodulation promotes neuronal regeneration: A new hope for noninvasive treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

Neurodegenerative diseases, which are characterized by progressive neuronal loss and the lack of disease-modifying therapies, are becoming a major global health challenge. The existing neuromodulation techniques, such as deep brain stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation, show limitations such as invasiveness, restricted cortical targeting, and irreversible tissue effects. In this context, low-intensity transcranial ultrasound has emerged as a promising noninvasive alternative that can penetrate deep into the brain and modulate neuroplasticity.

Thymosin beta 4 as an Alzheimer disease intervention target identified using human brain organoids.

The developmental origin of Alzheimer disease (AD) has been proposed but is arguably debated. Here, we developed cerebral organoids from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with mutations in amyloid precursor protein (APP) associated with familial AD (fAD) and analyzed the dynamic changes of cellular states. We found that mature neurons induced in fAD organoids markedly decreased compared to that of health control, accompanied with increased cell senescence and β-amyloid (Aβ) production.

Gender differences in the interactions and inferred causal relationships between risk factors and gaming disorder: a network and structural equation modeling approach.

Objective: Gaming Disorder (GD) is linked to severe psychological distress and functional impairment, substantially affecting individuals' daily lives. Current researches have not fully clarified the complex, gender-specific risk factors that contribute to GD development. This study aims to uncover key risk factors, such as negative emotions, childhood trauma, social anxiety, personality traits, and GD symptoms, by utilizing network analysis and structural equation modeling to explore differences between genders.

Neuronal Endothelin a Receptor Mediates Experimental and Clinical Vascular Pain through an Endothelial-Neural Axis.

Vascular dysfunction causes vascular pain (VP), the most common clinical manifestation of prevalent vascular diseases, while the mechanisms remain elusive. Mouse models are developed by mimicking peripheral vascular diseases and combining multiple strategies to demonstrate that primary sensory neuronal endothelin A receptor (ETAR) mediates experimental and clinical VP through an endothelial-neural axis. Endothelial cells (ECs), but not macrophages or smooth muscle cells (SMCs), release endothelin-1 (ET-1) and directly activate primary sensory neurons by binding to ETAR on sensory neurons, resulting in VP.

Predictive Role of Fixation Stability for Clinical Stages and Conversion in Schizophrenia and Its Correlation with Cognitive Function.

Background And Hypothesis: Given that fixation stability is closely linked to cognition, we investigated fixation stability in patients at different stages of schizophrenia, its relationship with cognitive impairments, and its predictive role for conversion to psychosis.

Study Design: Fixation stability was measured by bivariate contour ellipse area (BCEA), and cognition was assessed by the Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia Consensus Cognitive Battery for 75 patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FES), 75 patients with clinical high-risk (CHR) syndrome, and 75 healthy controls (HCs). After a 1-year longitudinal study, CHR follow-up outcomes were classified as CHR-converters and CHR-nonconverters.

Detection of EEG dynamic complex patterns in disorders of consciousness.

Diagnosing Disorders of Consciousness (DoC) remains a critical challenge in cognitive neuroscience. In this study we introduce Electroencephalography (EEG)-based brain states as a real-time, bedside tool for assessing dynamic brain connectivity in DoC patients. We analyze EEG data from 237 acute and chronic DoC patients across three centers, identifying five recurrent functional connectivity patterns.

Human stem cell-derived A10 dopaminergic neurons specifically integrate into mouse circuits and improve depression-like behaviors.

A10 dopaminergic neurons located in the ventral tegmental area play central roles in reward-related and goal-directed behaviors and are proposed to be target cells for treatment of various psychiatric disorders, including depression. Here, we report an efficient differentiation method to generate A10-like midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and found that post-mitotic patterning by Notch inhibitor, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and ascorbic acid (AA) induced A10 subtype specification. These hPSC-derived mDA neurons exhibited characteristics of the A10 subtype, including gene expression profiles and electrophysiological properties.

Cross-species analysis of adult hippocampal neurogenesis reveals human-specific gene expression but convergent biological processes.

Immature dentate granule cells (imGCs) arising from adult hippocampal neurogenesis contribute to plasticity, learning and memory, but their evolutionary changes across species and specialized features in humans remain poorly understood. Here we performed machine-learning-augmented analysis of published single-nucleus RNA-sequencing datasets and identified macaque imGCs with transcriptome-wide immature neuronal characteristics. Our cross-species comparisons among humans, monkeys, pigs and mice showed few shared (such as DPYSL5), but mostly species-specific gene expression in imGCs that converged onto common biological processes regulating neuronal development.

Efficiency and Extent of Niacin-Induced Skin Flushing Patterns in Early Stages of Psychosis.

Niacin-induced skin flushing response (NSFR) attenuation is a well documented biomarker for psychosis and has also been used in studies of bipolar affective disorder. It appears not only in later stages but also in first episodes and in clinical high-risk (CHR) stages. NSFR tests were conducted on healthy controls (HC), CHR individuals, and first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients from January 2019 to March 2024.

Vagal TRPV1 sensory neurons protect against influenza virus infection by regulating lung myeloid cell dynamics.

Influenza viruses are a major global cause of morbidity and mortality. Although vagal TRPV1 nociceptive sensory neurons are known to mediate defenses against harmful agents, including pathogens, their function in lung antiviral defenses remains unclear. Our study demonstrates that both systemic and vagal-specific ablation of TRPV1 nociceptors reduce survival in mice infected with influenza A virus (IAV).

Widefield Imaging Reveals Distinct Whole-Cortex Dynamics During Anesthetic-Induced Unconsciousness.

Background: Anesthesia-induced loss of consciousness (LOC) is associated with alterations in cortical synchronization and desynchronization in various cortical regions. However, the precise spatiotemporal dynamics across the entire cortex and their role in the LOC remain unclear. This study utilized advanced imaging techniques to investigate these cortical dynamics under the action of different anesthetics.

Peripheral Blood Exosomal miR-184-3p in Methamphetamine Use Disorder: Biomarker Potential and CRTC1-Mediated Neuroadaptation.

The neurobiological mechanisms underlying methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) remain elusive, and specific treatment modalities as well as diagnostic markers are scarce. The emergence of exosomes has opened up possibilities for developing diagnostic and assessment biomarkers for neuropsychiatric disorders. Hence, the present study aimed to preliminarily explore the alterations in exosomal miRNA expression in MUD patients and the potential mechanisms involved in MUD.

Brain-Wide Spatiotemporally Distinct Traveling Waves Drive Anxiety-Like Behaviors in Mice.

Cortical traveling waves coordinate communication among distributed neural ensembles to modulate brain function and dysfunction through distinct spatiotemporal propagation patterns. However, the brain-wide propagation dynamics of traveling waves from different origins and their roles in regulating behavior remain unclear. Using optogenetics alongside whole-brain fMRI in mice, it is demonstrated that optogenetic activation of the medial prefrontal cortex and primary somatosensory area induces cortical spreading depression (CSD)-like traveling waves.