B cell dysregulation during acute COVID-19 is transient.

Background: COVID-19 is still a significant health concern worldwide. B cell responses to COVID-19 have been extensively studied in acute severe disease, but less so during extended follow-up or mild disease. Persisting immunological changes together with herpesvirus reactivations during acute COVID-19 have been suggested as contributing factors for post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC).

Metallic NbS One-Dimensional van der Waals Heterostructures.

This study presents the experimental demonstration of metallic NbS-based one-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures using a modified NaCl-assisted chemical vapor deposition strategy. By employing a ″remote salt″ strategy, we realized precise control of the NaCl supply, enabling the growth of high-quality coaxial NbS nanotubes on single-walled carbon nanotube-boron nitride nanotube (SWCNT-BNNT) templates. Using this remote salt strategy, the morphologies of as-synthesized NbS could be tuned from 1D nanotubes to suspended 2D flakes.

Scoping review on the economic aspects of machine learning applications in healthcare.

Background: The development and use of artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies in healthcare have increased, prompting a need for evidence on their safety and value. Economic evaluations support healthcare decision-making and resource allocation. This scoping review aimed to map and synthesize current approaches to evaluating the economic aspects of machine learning based technologies implemented in healthcare.

Metal-free pyridinium salts with strong room-temperature phosphorescence and microsecond radiative lifetime.

Easily processed metal-free phosphorescent luminophores with a fast rate of phosphorescence are emerging as promising materials for advanced optoelectronics. Alkylation of a modified vitamin B6 vitamer (pyridoxine) affords a family of pyridinium-derived ionic pairs 1-7 exhibiting variable anion-π interactions in the solid state. Such a noncovalent cation-anion network promotes tunable room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP, = 510-565 nm) in crystalline materials stemming from anion(I)-π(pyridinium) charge transfer.

Predicting entrepreneurship from brain structure and neural responses to risk and ambiguity.

In what way do entrepreneurs differ from non-entrepreneurs? We conducted a comprehensive analysis of behavioral responses, brain activation patterns, and gray matter volume (GMV) to compare entrepreneurs with a control group of employees who lack entrepreneurial backgrounds but often hold managerial responsibilities. Using behavioral, fMRI and GMV data, we applied a machine learning approach to predict participants' likelihood of being classified as entrepreneurs. Our findings suggest brain activation in valuation-related areas varies with risk attitudes.

Innovative Technologies to Improve Occupational Safety in Mining and Construction Industries-Part I.

Innovative technologies have been helping to improve comfort and safety at work in high-risk sectors for years. The study analysed the impact, along with an assessment of potential implementations (opportunities and limitations) of innovative technological solutions for improving occupational safety in two selected sectors of the economy: mining and construction. The technologies evaluated included unmanned aerial vehicles and inspection robots, the Internet of Things and sensors, artificial intelligence, virtual and augmented reality, innovative individual and collective protective equipment, and exoskeletons.

Robust Flexible Superhydrophobic Film with Skin-Inspired Gradient Design.

Flexible superhydrophobic materials are attractive in separation technology, thermal management, anti-icing, and wearable electronics since their adaptability to curved surfaces and deformation. However, their fragility and high susceptibility to abrasion, caused by the destruction of micro/nano structures, remain significant challenges. A skin-inspired gradient design is proposed to combine flexibility and superhydrophobicity by facilitating the nanoparticle engulfment in polymer through pressure, electrostatic forces, and enhanced capillary forces.

Amplitude noise cancellation of microwave tones.

Carrier noise in coherent tones limits sensitivity and causes heating in many experimental systems, such as force sensors, time-keeping, and studies of macroscopic quantum phenomena. Much progress has been made to reduce carrier noise using phase noise cancellation techniques; however, in systems where amplitude noise dominates, these methods are ineffective. Here, we present a technique to reduce amplitude noise from microwave generators using feedback cancellation.

The climate impacts of healthcare digitalization: A scoping review.

Objective: The rapid digitalization of healthcare has implications for its carbon footprint. The goal of this scoping review was to identify how digitalization is proceeding in healthcare and the mechanisms through which it can affect the climate impacts of healthcare.

Methods: The scoping review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines and utilized the databases Web of Science and PubMed to identify literature on the climate impacts of digitalization in healthcare.

Systematic Mapping of Homoserine Lactone and Cyclodextrin Binding Strengths - Effects of Structural Features.

Directing the collective behavior of bacteria is important for various applications in chemical bioproduction, water treatment, and antibiofilm solutions. A potential approach to such control mechanisms lies in sequestering signal molecules (autoinducers) by macrocyclic host molecules that lower the effective concentration of the former, modulating bacterial signaling. Cyclodextrins (CD) - one of the best-established families of hosts - have been shown to bind homoserine lactones (HSL) acting as autoinducers, but with a focus limited to shorter (≤ 8 carbons) tailed molecules and β-CD.

Heterostructured Copper-Palladium Phosphide Particles as Efficient Electrocatalysts for Ethanol Oxidation and Oxygen Reduction in Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells.

Engineering lattice strain, electronic structure, and crystallinity in palladium alloys offers a promising approach to significantly enhance their electrocatalytic performance. In this work, we present a versatile strategy to synthesize Pd-based phosphide alloys integrated with non-noble metal atoms (Pd-M-P; M = Co, Ni, Cu), characterized by expanded lattice structures and a crystalline-amorphous core-shell architecture. Catalytic performance assessments revealed that CuPdP exhibits an impressive mass activity of 7.

Roadmap for Photonics with 2D Materials.

Triggered by advances in atomic-layer exfoliation and growth techniques, along with the identification of a wide range of extraordinary physical properties in self-standing films consisting of one or a few atomic layers, two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), and other van der Waals (vdW) crystals now constitute a broad research field expanding in multiple directions through the combination of layer stacking and twisting, nanofabrication, surface-science methods, and integration into nanostructured environments. Photonics encompasses a multidisciplinary subset of those directions, where 2D materials contribute remarkable nonlinearities, long-lived and ultraconfined polaritons, strong excitons, topological and chiral effects, susceptibility to external stimuli, accessibility, robustness, and a completely new range of photonic materials based on layer stacking, gating, and the formation of moiré patterns. These properties are being leveraged to develop applications in electro-optical modulation, light emission and detection, imaging and metasurfaces, integrated optics, sensing, and quantum physics across a broad spectral range extending from the far-infrared to the ultraviolet, as well as enabling hybridization with spin and momentum textures of electronic band structures and magnetic degrees of freedom.

Multiscale interface engineering enables strong and water resistant wood bonding.

The growing use of timber in construction has created an urgent need for high-performing engineered wood. Laminating timber facilitates production of structural components, but strong interfacial bonding is essential for engineered wood to outperform solid wood. Here we introduce a method for achieving strong wood bonding using an ionic liquid-dissolved cellulose solution.

Probing weak chemical interactions of metal surface atoms with CO-terminated AFM tips identifies molecular adsorption sites.

Metal surfaces play a key role in on-surface synthesis as they provide a two-dimensional catalytic reaction environment that stimulates activation, diffusion, and coupling of molecular reactants. Fundamental understanding of the interactions between surface atoms and reactants is very limited but would enable controlling on-surface reaction processes for designing functional nanomaterials. Here, we measure chemical interactions between CO-terminated tips and Cu(111), Ag(111), and Au(111) surface atoms in all spatial directions with picometer resolution via low temperature atomic force microscopy.

Upcycling Agricultural Waste for Functional Interfaces: Yellow Onion Skin-Derived Dyes for Cellulosic Materials.

The growing environmental and health concerns associated with synthetic dyes have increased interest in natural alternatives. This study investigates the multifunctional properties of yellow onion skin extract as a sustainable dye source for cellulosic substrates, assessing the extract's functional properties beyond coloration. The extract was applied to premordanted cellulose nanofiber films (CNF) with a concentration of 2 g/L and knitted cotton fabric 0.

Supervised machine learning applied in nursing notes for identifying the need of childhood cancer patients for psychosocial support.

Introduction: Childhood cancer survivors have a higher risk of mental health and adaptive problems compared with their siblings, for example. Assessing the need for psychosocial support is essential for prevention. This project aims to investigate the use of supervised machine learning in the form of text classification in identifying childhood cancer patients needing psychosocial support from nursing notes when at least 1 year had passed from their cancer diagnosis.

Ferroelectric Quantum Dots for Retinomorphic In-Sensor Computing.

Quantum dots (QDs) offer significant potential for neuromorphic machine vision, owing to their high absorption coefficients, and to absorption that spans the ultraviolet-to-visible range. However, their practical application faces critical challenges in achieving accurate target recognition and tracking in low-light and dynamically-changing environments. A fundamental limitation is a result of the exciton-confinement effect of QDs, which impedes efficient exciton dissociation.

Hamiltonian Learning of Triplon Excitations in an Artificial Nanoscale Molecular Quantum Magnet.

Extracting the Hamiltonian parameters of nanoscale quantum magnets from experimental measurements is a significant challenge in quantum matter. Here we establish a machine learning strategy to extract the parameters of a spin Hamiltonian from inelastic spectroscopy with scanning tunneling microscopy, and we demonstrate this methodology experimentally with an artificial nanoscale molecular magnet based on cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPC) molecules on NbSe. We show that this technique allows us to extract the Hamiltonian parameters of a quantum magnet from the differential conductance, including the substrate-induced spatial variation of the exchange couplings.

Alvar whole-body model: impact of muscle anisotropy on computational dosimetry.

Computational electromagnetic dosimetry relies on accurate whole-body models to assess human exposure to electromagnetic fields. However, existing models lack anisotropic properties of tissues. This work addresses these limitations by introducing a whole-body model, Alvar, containing fully anisotropic skeletal muscles.

A Contrast-Agnostic Method for Ultra-High Resolution Claustrum Segmentation.

The claustrum is a band-like gray matter structure located between putamen and insula whose exact functions are still actively researched. Its sheet-like structure makes it barely visible in in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans at typical resolutions, and neuroimaging tools for its study, including methods for automatic segmentation, are currently very limited. In this paper, we propose a contrast- and resolution-agnostic method for claustrum segmentation at ultra-high resolution (0.

Vesicle tension in porous membranes: Aspiration, spreading, and tube extraction.

We review recent theoretical and experimental advances in understanding the mechanical tension of porous vesicles. Focusing on three key deformation processes, aspiration, spreading, and tube extrusion, we show how membrane porosity introduces novel timescales and feedback mechanisms that alter vesicle behavior. In particular, we highlight how tube extrusion from porous membranes demonstrates the vesicle's ability to regulate internal volume and dynamically modulate membrane tension.

Identification and systematics of safety hazards in surface rock mining.

The necessity to ensure safety in the work environment is a priority for the functioning of mines as enterprises with a high level of exposure to hazards. The basis for this is the identification of hazards to which mine workers are exposed. This article aims to identify and systematize safety hazards present in quarries.

Superhydrophobic Cell-Repellent Microstructures: Plastron-Mediated Inhibition of A549 Epithelial Cell Adhesion.

Control of cell adhesion is essential for biomedical devices, biosensors, and anti-fouling coatings. Here, adhesion of A549 epithelial cells is systematically evaluated on silicon substrates with tunable wettability (superhydrophilic to superhydrophobic) and topography (smooth, nanostructured, and micropillared). Superhydrophobic surfaces stabilize a trapped air plastron that minimizes solid-liquid contact, enabling plastron-mediated physical repellency of cells.

Quasiparticle Gap Renormalization Driven by Internal and External Screening in a WS_{2} Device.

The electronic band gap of a two-dimensional semiconductor within a device architecture is sensitive to variations in screening properties of adjacent materials in the device and to gate-controlled doping. Here, we employ microfocused angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to separate band gap renormalization effects stemming from environmental screening and electron doping during in situ gating of a single-layer WS_{2} device. The WS_{2} is supported on hexagonal boron nitride and contains a section that is exposed to vacuum and another section that is encapsulated by a graphene contact.

Interactive AI annotation of medical images in a virtual reality environment.

Purpose: Artificial intelligence (AI) achieves high-quality annotations of radiological images, yet often lacks the robustness required in clinical practice. Interactive annotation starts with an AI-generated delineation, allowing radiologists to refine it with feedback, potentially improving precision and reliability. These techniques have been explored in two-dimensional desktop environments, but are not validated by radiologists or integrated with immersive visualization technologies.