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Lignin is considered as a promising substitute for fossil resources, but its efficient conversion remains a huge challenge due to the structural complexity and immiscibility with typical solvents. Herein, a series of surfactant-free microemulsion reactors comprised of n-octane, water and n-propanol were designed and their corresponding phase behaviors alongside their ability to intensify oxidative depolymerization of lignin were explored. Experimental results show that the phenolic monomer yield improves substantially (40-500 wt%) by comparison with processes performed in a single solvent. Detailed characterizations also suggest that the above intensification is rationalized by the solubilization effect of microemulsion system and directional aggregation of lignin at the microemulsion interface.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124466 | DOI Listing |
Crit Rev Anal Chem
September 2025
Department of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, China.
Surfactant is usually considered the key component to form microemulsion. surfactant-based microemulsion (SBME) can also be called traditional microemulsion. It has a wide range of applications.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Colloid Interface Sci
December 2025
Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal. Electronic address:
Surfactant-free microemulsions (SFMEs) offer a promising alternative to classical microemulsions, avoiding the disadvantages associated to the use of conventional surfactants. A new type of SFMEs is reported in this work, in which aggregates with a fluorinated core enclosed in a hydrogenated corona, spontaneously form in an aqueous pseudo-phase. The liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) phase diagram of the ternary system (1H,1H-perfluoroheptanol + ethanol + water) was experimentally determined at 298.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Colloid Interface Sci
October 2025
New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Center for Combustion Energy, Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engine
Nano-clustering occurs in the monophasic "pre-Ouzo" region of ternary liquid mixtures without the use of surfactants. This study is proposed to elucidate the nucleation and stability of multiscale nanodomains in a surfactant-free microemulsion (SFME) system composed of trans-anethol, ethanol and water, tuned by aqueous ionic environment. We examined direct- and reverse-SFME structures with different compositions performed by dynamic light scattering and nanoparticle tracking analysis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhys Chem Chem Phys
May 2025
Department of Chemistry, University Grants Commission (UGC) Centre for Advanced Studies-II, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar-143005, Punjab, India.
Electrostatic forces supported by hydrogen-bonding (H-bonding) interactions in the presence of surfactants generally stabilize microemulsions. So, contrary to this common wisdom, developing a surfactant-free microemulsion (SFME) that is predominantly stabilized by weak but large number of H-bonding interactions would be remarkable. Herein, the formulation and characterization of an SFME comprising a hydrophobic ionic liquid (IL) and a deep eutectic solvent (DES) exhibiting high thermal stability are reported.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Mater
April 2025
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
Zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) have promising prospects in energy storage field, but the water molecules in aqueous electrolytes significantly compromise the stability of the anode and cathode interfaces and hinder the low-temperature performance. Herein, water-in-oil type Möbius polarity topological solvation composed of oil, water, and amphiphilic salt are first-ever pioneered, forming the surfactant-free microemulsion electrolyte (SFMEE). This water-in-oil type Möbius solvation structure, characterized by its distinct inner and outer layers and a polarity inversion feature, successfully connects the non-polar phase with the polar phase, eliminating the need for surfactants to reduce costs and system complexity.
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