Application of stubble waste biochar in cementitious composites: the impact of pyrolysis temperature on its characteristics and cementitious performance.

This study investigates the impact of biochar production temperature on its physicochemical properties and performance as a partial replacement ofcementin mortar mixes. Rice stubble biochar was produced at 450 °C (BC) and 550 °C (BC) with consistent pyrolysis conditions of 120-minute residence time and 10 °C/min heating rate. The produced biochar's were characterized for various physiochemical characteristics using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), proximate analysis, pH, and water retention capacity assessments.

Influence of Magnetorheological Finishing on Surface Topography and Functional Performance of Shoulder Joint Cap Surface.

The surface quality of biomedical implants, such as shoulder joint caps, plays a critical role in their performance, longevity, and biocompatibility. Most biomedical shoulder joints fail to reach their optimal functionality when finished through conventional techniques like grinding and lapping due to their inability to achieve nanometer-grade smoothness, which results in greater wear and friction along with potential failure. The advanced magnetorheological finishing (MRF) approach provides enhanced surface quality through specific dimensional control material removal.

Disrupted structural connectivity-gray matter covariance coupling and associated cytoarchitectural and transcriptomic profiles in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been associated with disrupted axonal connectivity (termed structural connectivity, SC) and altered interregional coupling of gray matter morphometry (termed gray matter covariance, GMC). However, the relationship between SC and GMC in ADHD remains understudied.

Methods: We investigated this relationship by quantifying the coupling between SC and GMC using neuroimaging data from 109 children with ADHD (aged 10.

Noninvasive Brain Stimulation in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Treatment Efficacy and Targeting Strategies.

Objective: Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) has emerged as a promising novel treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the precise effects of NIBS in ADHD, as well as optimal stimulation protocols, remain elusive. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to provide a rigorous evaluation and robust quantified evidence on the therapeutic efficacy of NIBS on ADHD.

Considerations in the development of learning health networks for mood disorders.

Background: Learning Health Networks (LHNs), such as the one described in Savitz et al. (in press), involve employing a network of treatment centers to produce standardized data from routine clinical practice, produce knowledge from that data, and systematically use that knowledge to inform care. To date, there are limited examples of LHNs in psychiatry.

Posterior cingulate cortex downregulation training using fMRI neurofeedback in adolescents with early life adversity exposure: a randomized, single-blind trial.

Early life adversity (ELA) disrupts default mode network (DMN) integrity subserving self-referential processes involved in emotional awareness and regulation. Mindfulness training (MT) reduces self-referential processing and down-regulates the DMN. We employed neurofeedback-augmented mindfulness training (NAMT), combining a core mindfulness strategy (focusing on breath) with real-time fMRI neurofeedback (rtfMRI-nf) to modulate DMN by targeting the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC).

Neuroimaging insights into the psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review.

The COVID-19 pandemic has posed an unprecedented threat to global health. However, neural substrates underlying mental health vulnerabilities brought by the pandemic remain elusive. We conducted a systematic review relating structural and functional brain abnormalities to mental health issues associated with COVID-19 at brain regional and network levels.

Self-Assembly of 2-Hydroxyethyl-1H-imidazolium-Based Surface Active Ionic Liquids and Utilization of Their Aqueous Solution in Superactivity of Cytochrome-c.

Imidazolium-based surface active ionic liquids (SAILs) appended with a hydroxyethyl moiety at a cationic headgroup at a position opposite to an alkyl chain ([CImOH][Br] and [CImOH][Br]) and alkyl chain functionalized with amide ([CAImOH][Br]) and ester ([CEImOH][Br]) groups have been synthesized. Different techniques, i.e.

Pore-Space-Partitioned Cage-Based Ionic Co(II) Framework for Selective Adsorption and Atmospheric Pressure Recyclable Cycloaddition of CO.

The advancement of multifunctional metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) incorporating task-specific sites holds significant potential for carbon footprint reduction. We report the synthesis of a thermochemically robust and microporous, charged Co(II)-organic framework, assembled from a -NH-functionalized dicarboxylate ligand, a triazine core containing a tris-pyridyl linker, and an in situ generated [Co(μ-O)(COO)N] secondary building unit. Interestingly, -symmetric linkers partition the larger channels into trigonal-bipyramidal-shaped smaller cages.

Composite dermis-fat graft and mucous membrane graft in severe contracted socket reconstruction.

The management of a severely contracted socket necessitates the restoration of fornix depth, the meticulous release of fibrotic components without compromising the already limited conjunctival tissue, and the replacement of lost volume. In this case series of four patients, the authors employed mucous membrane placement using the lid-splitting approach to address the deficit in fornix conjunctiva. This approach involved releasing posterior lamellar tension and repositioning the retractors at the fornix, followed by augmentation with a dermis-fat graft to restore volume.

Utility of FICI grading in lacrimal practice: a study of 456 dacryocystorhinostomy ostia.

Purpose: To evaluate the dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) ostia via nasal endoscopy using the FICI-grading system following external and endoscopic DCRs.

Methods: Our prospective study evaluated all DCR ostia following single surgeon (MS) surgeries. The FICI grading system includes the Fluorescein endoscopy dye test (FEDT), internal common opening (ICO) dynamicity, cicatricial ostium closure, and ICO threats.

Surfactant-free microemulsion as a fluid scaffold for the thermal stabilization of lysozyme.

Electrostatic forces supported by hydrogen-bonding (H-bonding) interactions in the presence of surfactants generally stabilize microemulsions. So, contrary to this common wisdom, developing a surfactant-free microemulsion (SFME) that is predominantly stabilized by weak but large number of H-bonding interactions would be remarkable. Herein, the formulation and characterization of an SFME comprising a hydrophobic ionic liquid (IL) and a deep eutectic solvent (DES) exhibiting high thermal stability are reported.

Challenges and Opportunities in Using Cognitive Screeners for Adolescents and Young Adults With Bipolar Disorder.

Adolescents and young adults with bipolar disorder often experience cognitive deficits that hinder academic performance and social interactions, affecting long-term outcomes. Identifying cognitive impairments is crucial for improving clinical management of bipolar disorder. Use of cognitive screeners is recommended to identify cognitive difficulties and for ongoing assessment.

Advancements in Electrochemical Biosensors for Comprehensive Glycosylation Assessment of Biotherapeutics.

Proteins represent a significant portion of the global therapeutics market, surpassing hundreds of billions of dollars annually. Among the various post-translational modifications, glycosylation plays a crucial role in influencing protein structure, stability, and function. This modification is especially important in biotherapeutics, where the precise characterization of glycans is vital for ensuring product efficacy and safety.

Mapping ADHD Heterogeneity and Biotypes through Topological Deviations in Morphometric Similarity Networks.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by considerable clinical heterogeneity. This study investigates whether normative modelling of topological properties derived from brain morphometry similarity networks can provide robust stratification markers for ADHD children. Leveraging multisite neurodevelopmental datasets (discovery: 446 ADHD, 708 controls; validation: 554 ADHD, 123 controls), we constructed morphometric similarity networks and developed normative models for three topological metrics: degree centrality, nodal efficiency, and participation coefficient.

A new species of genus Psilocladia Warren from India, bridging the boundaries of Africa and Asia (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Ennominae).

In the present manuscript, we describe a new species i.e., Psilocladia indica M.

Practices Towards Energy Drink Consumption Among the Students of a Medical College in New Delhi, India.

Introduction: The consumption of energy drinks among adolescents and young adults is on the rise, driven by claims of enhanced energy and performance. However, many students consume these beverages without full awareness of their potential effects, making it a public health concern. This study aims to assess the prevalence and consumption patterns of energy drinks among medical college students in Delhi.

Influence of deficit irrigation and biochar amendment on growth, physiology, and yield of cucumber in West Texas.

Despite growing interest in adopting water-conserving strategies such as deficit irrigation (DI) and biochar amendment in arid and semi-arid regions, there are remarkably few studies conducted on the integration of these two strategies in water limited West Texas region. The aim of this study was to assess the interactive effects of DI and biochar amendment on saturated hydraulic conductivity of soil and the growth, physiology and yield of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) in West Texas. A split-plot design was used to randomize four irrigation treatments (with two levels before and after mid-season) as the main plot [I1: 100% crop evapotranspiration (ETc)-100% ETc, I2: 80% ETc-60% ETc, I3: 60% ETc-80% ETc, I4: 40% ETc-40% ETc] and three biochar rates as subplot [0 t/ha, 15 t/ha, and 20 t/ha] with four replications.

Editors' Best of 2024.

In our second year as , which is now available on PubMed Central, we are proud to support the dissemination of among the highest quality research being conducted in our field. Choosing the "best" among stars is always a tall order and most certainly misses the many ways that articles make an impact: is the "best" the most interesting, the most surprising, the most educational, the most important, the most provocative, or the most enjoyable? How do we decide? This time around, our team made some picks based on those that were methodologically sophisticated, attuned to the complexity of childhood-onset psychopathology, and clinically salient. It is our pleasure to give a special "hats off" to the 2024 articles that we think deserve your attention or at least a second read!

Research Agenda in Childhood Impairing Emotional Outbursts: A Report of the AACAP Presidential Taskforce on Emotional Dysregulation.

Objective: As part of the 2019-2021 presidential term of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP), the AACAP Presidential Initiative on Emotion Dysregulation in Youth Taskforce was established. The aim was to address emotion dysregulation in children and adolescents, focusing on developing methods for clinicians to identify, characterize, and treat impairing emotional outbursts along with development of a research agenda that would guide relevant researchers and research funders. One method to characterize emotion dysregulation was accomplished by recommendations for use of a diagnostic code that is available in the  The research agenda is presented here.

Family Conflict, Perceived Criticism, and Aggression in Symptomatic Offspring of Parents With Mood Disorders: Results From a Clinical Trial of Family-Focused Therapy.

Objective: In offspring of parents with bipolar or major depressive disorder, we examined the longitudinal association between parents' and youths' ratings of family conflict and criticism and youths' levels of impulsive aggression during a 6-month randomized trial of family intervention.

Method: Following a diagnostic evaluation, we offered adolescents (aged 13-19 years) and parents with mood disorders a 12-session, 18-week protocol of family-focused therapy, with random assignment to mobile applications that enabled mood tracking or encouraged practice of mood management and family communication skills, also with mood tracking. At pretreatment, 9 weeks, 18 weeks (posttreatment), and 27 weeks, parents completed measures of adolescent aggression and irritability, and parents/adolescents completed measures of dyadic conflict and perceived criticism.

Electric Field-Driven Long-Range Order and Enhanced Polarization Switching in High-Dipole Ionic Liquids.

Ionic liquids (ILs) with significant dipole moments exhibit massive electric polarization () under an applied AC electric field () at room temperature. Among the various investigated ILs, the -toluene sulfonate of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium, [Cmim][Tos], which has a large dipole moment in the tosylate anion (∼10.99 D), shows large hysteresis in - curves with a high saturation polarization ( ∼ 92 μC cm) and a remanent polarization ( ∼ 68 μC cm) at a relatively low electric field (1.

A novel framework to predict ADHD symptoms using irritability in adolescents and young adults with and without ADHD.

Background: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in children and adolescents characterized by persistent patterns of hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattentiveness. ADHD persists for many into adulthood. While irritability is not a diagnostic symptom of ADHD, temper outbursts and irritable moods are common in individuals with ADHD.

Current progress in targeted pharmacotherapy to treat symptoms of major depressive disorder: moving from broad-spectrum treatments to precision psychiatry.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a disabling condition affecting children, adolescents, and adults worldwide. A high proportion of patients do not respond to one or more pharmacological treatments and are said to have treatment-resistant or difficult-to-treat depression. Inadequate response to current treatments could be due to medication nonadherence, inter-individual variability in treatment response, misdiagnosis, diminished confidence in treatment after many trials, or lack of selectivity.