A Systematic Review: Investigating Biomarkers of Anhedonia and Amotivation in Depression and Cannabis Use.

Objective: To assess biological factors associated with anhedonia in depression and amotivation in cannabis use (PROSPERO: CRD42023422438).

Method: A systematic review was conducted of 8 electronic databases. Inclusion criteria included original research studies that investigated the association of biological factors or behavioral tasks with depression combined with concepts of anhedonia or cannabis combined with concepts of amotivation including apathy.

Disrupted structural connectivity-gray matter covariance coupling and associated cytoarchitectural and transcriptomic profiles in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been associated with disrupted axonal connectivity (termed structural connectivity, SC) and altered interregional coupling of gray matter morphometry (termed gray matter covariance, GMC). However, the relationship between SC and GMC in ADHD remains understudied.

Methods: We investigated this relationship by quantifying the coupling between SC and GMC using neuroimaging data from 109 children with ADHD (aged 10.

Noninvasive Brain Stimulation in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Treatment Efficacy and Targeting Strategies.

Objective: Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) has emerged as a promising novel treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the precise effects of NIBS in ADHD, as well as optimal stimulation protocols, remain elusive. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to provide a rigorous evaluation and robust quantified evidence on the therapeutic efficacy of NIBS on ADHD.

Posterior cingulate cortex downregulation training using fMRI neurofeedback in adolescents with early life adversity exposure: a randomized, single-blind trial.

Early life adversity (ELA) disrupts default mode network (DMN) integrity subserving self-referential processes involved in emotional awareness and regulation. Mindfulness training (MT) reduces self-referential processing and down-regulates the DMN. We employed neurofeedback-augmented mindfulness training (NAMT), combining a core mindfulness strategy (focusing on breath) with real-time fMRI neurofeedback (rtfMRI-nf) to modulate DMN by targeting the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC).

Neuroimaging insights into the psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review.

The COVID-19 pandemic has posed an unprecedented threat to global health. However, neural substrates underlying mental health vulnerabilities brought by the pandemic remain elusive. We conducted a systematic review relating structural and functional brain abnormalities to mental health issues associated with COVID-19 at brain regional and network levels.

Challenges and Opportunities in Using Cognitive Screeners for Adolescents and Young Adults With Bipolar Disorder.

Adolescents and young adults with bipolar disorder often experience cognitive deficits that hinder academic performance and social interactions, affecting long-term outcomes. Identifying cognitive impairments is crucial for improving clinical management of bipolar disorder. Use of cognitive screeners is recommended to identify cognitive difficulties and for ongoing assessment.

Mapping ADHD Heterogeneity and Biotypes through Topological Deviations in Morphometric Similarity Networks.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by considerable clinical heterogeneity. This study investigates whether normative modelling of topological properties derived from brain morphometry similarity networks can provide robust stratification markers for ADHD children. Leveraging multisite neurodevelopmental datasets (discovery: 446 ADHD, 708 controls; validation: 554 ADHD, 123 controls), we constructed morphometric similarity networks and developed normative models for three topological metrics: degree centrality, nodal efficiency, and participation coefficient.

Editors' Best of 2024.

In our second year as , which is now available on PubMed Central, we are proud to support the dissemination of among the highest quality research being conducted in our field. Choosing the "best" among stars is always a tall order and most certainly misses the many ways that articles make an impact: is the "best" the most interesting, the most surprising, the most educational, the most important, the most provocative, or the most enjoyable? How do we decide? This time around, our team made some picks based on those that were methodologically sophisticated, attuned to the complexity of childhood-onset psychopathology, and clinically salient. It is our pleasure to give a special "hats off" to the 2024 articles that we think deserve your attention or at least a second read!

Research Agenda in Childhood Impairing Emotional Outbursts: A Report of the AACAP Presidential Taskforce on Emotional Dysregulation.

Objective: As part of the 2019-2021 presidential term of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP), the AACAP Presidential Initiative on Emotion Dysregulation in Youth Taskforce was established. The aim was to address emotion dysregulation in children and adolescents, focusing on developing methods for clinicians to identify, characterize, and treat impairing emotional outbursts along with development of a research agenda that would guide relevant researchers and research funders. One method to characterize emotion dysregulation was accomplished by recommendations for use of a diagnostic code that is available in the  The research agenda is presented here.

Family Conflict, Perceived Criticism, and Aggression in Symptomatic Offspring of Parents With Mood Disorders: Results From a Clinical Trial of Family-Focused Therapy.

Objective: In offspring of parents with bipolar or major depressive disorder, we examined the longitudinal association between parents' and youths' ratings of family conflict and criticism and youths' levels of impulsive aggression during a 6-month randomized trial of family intervention.

Method: Following a diagnostic evaluation, we offered adolescents (aged 13-19 years) and parents with mood disorders a 12-session, 18-week protocol of family-focused therapy, with random assignment to mobile applications that enabled mood tracking or encouraged practice of mood management and family communication skills, also with mood tracking. At pretreatment, 9 weeks, 18 weeks (posttreatment), and 27 weeks, parents completed measures of adolescent aggression and irritability, and parents/adolescents completed measures of dyadic conflict and perceived criticism.

A novel framework to predict ADHD symptoms using irritability in adolescents and young adults with and without ADHD.

Background: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in children and adolescents characterized by persistent patterns of hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattentiveness. ADHD persists for many into adulthood. While irritability is not a diagnostic symptom of ADHD, temper outbursts and irritable moods are common in individuals with ADHD.

Current progress in targeted pharmacotherapy to treat symptoms of major depressive disorder: moving from broad-spectrum treatments to precision psychiatry.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a disabling condition affecting children, adolescents, and adults worldwide. A high proportion of patients do not respond to one or more pharmacological treatments and are said to have treatment-resistant or difficult-to-treat depression. Inadequate response to current treatments could be due to medication nonadherence, inter-individual variability in treatment response, misdiagnosis, diminished confidence in treatment after many trials, or lack of selectivity.

Editorial: Placebo Response in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: To Mitigate or to Harness?

Antipsychotics and α-2 agonists are evidence-based medications for Tourette's Disorder (TD). Tic severity, functional impairment, and risk-benefit trade-offs guide treatment planning. However, much like other clinical disorders in child and adolescent psychiatry, treatment that definitively improves symptoms without also causing untoward side effects remains an unmet clinical need.

A Secondary Analysis Suggests That Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Applied to the Left Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Reduces Cue-Induced-Craving in Treatment Seeking Participants with Cannabis Use Disorder.

Background: Studies across multiple addictions have suggested that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) applied to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (L-DLPFC) reduces cue-induced-craving (CIC), however there are no studies in treatment seeking participants with cannabis use disorder (CUD). In this secondary analysis of a previously completed trial, we explore whether a multi-session course of rTMS reduces CIC in CUD.

Methods: Seventy-one participants with ≥moderate CUD (age=30.

Consensus review and considerations on TMS to treat depression: A comprehensive update endorsed by the National Network of Depression Centers, the Clinical TMS Society, and the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology.

This article updates the prior 2018 consensus statement by the National Network of Depression Centers (NNDC) on the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in the treatment of depression, incorporating recent research and clinical developments. Publications on TMS and depression between September 2016 and April 2024 were identified using methods informed by PRISMA guidelines. The NNDC Neuromodulation Work Group met monthly between October 2022 and April 2024 to define important clinical topics and review pertinent literature.

Editors' Best of 2024.

There is, in the content of the Journal, an embarrassment of riches, and picking a "best" seems to demand a certain qualification: is the "best" the most interesting, most surprising, most educational, most important, most provocative, most enjoyable? How to choose? We are hardly unbiased and can admit to a special affection for the ones that we and the authors worked hardest on, modifying version after version into shape. Acknowledging these biases, here are the 2024 articles that we think deserve your attention or at least a second read.

Editors' Best of 2023.

In our inaugural year as , we are proud to support the dissemination of some of the highest quality research being conducted in our field. Choosing the "best" among stars is a tall order and most certainly misses the many ways articles make an impact: is the "best" the most interesting, most surprising, most educational, most important, most provocative, or most enjoyable? How to decide? This time around, we made some picks based on those that were methodologically rigorous and clinically salient. It is our pleasure to give a special "hats off" to the 2023 articles that we think deserve your attention or at least a second read!

Introduction to a Special Series on Aggressive Behavior as a Focus of Psychiatric Attention.

Aggressive behavior in children and adolescents is a frequent complication of numerous psychiatric, developmental, environmental, and medical factors. When present, aggression often is of paramount importance regardless of the underlying disturbances or environmental factors from which it stems. From a clinical standpoint, aggression influences important decisions about emergency service use, hospitalization, pharmacotherapy, and safety for the patient and others.

Peer Review in : Promoting Integrity While Advancing Open Science.

A critical piece in the launch of is the establishment of a high-quality and robust peer review process for incoming submissions. Indeed, peer review is the backbone of our scientific process. Here, we will discuss the importance of peer review, describe the process as we are expanding the journal family, and explain why and how you can be involved in the peer review process.

Augmenting mindfulness training through neurofeedback: a pilot study of the pre-post changes on resting-state functional connectivity in typically developing adolescents.

Background: Mindfulness training has been shown to promote positive mental health outcomes and related changes in neural networks such as the default mode network, which has a central node in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). Previous work from our group reported on the impact of a novel, neurofeedback augmented mindfulness training (NAMT) task on regulation of PCC hemodynamic activity in typically developing adolescents. The present pilot study aimed to expand on this finding by examining the pre-post changes of the NAMT task on resting-state functional connectivity of the PCC.

Effects of Mindfulness and Life-Skills Training on Emotion Regulation and Anxiety Symptoms in Chinese Migrant Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Purpose: China's rapid urbanization has been associated with increased mental health challenges, especially in rural-to-urban migrant children. This study evaluates the effects of mindfulness and life-skills (LS) training on emotional regulation and anxiety symptoms from a randomized controlled trial aimed at improving the mental health of Chinese migrant children.

Methods: Two intervention arms-mindfulness training (MT) and MT plus LS mentorship (MT + LS)-were compared to a waitlist control group of 368 migrant children aged 9-17 years.

Association between anxiety, depression symptoms, and academic burnout among Chinese students: the mediating role of resilience and self-efficacy.

Background: To explore the associations between anxiety and depression symptoms and academic burnout among children and adolescents in China, and to examine the role of resilience and self-efficacy in addressing academic burnout.

Methods: A total of 2,070 students in grades 4-8 were recruited from two primary and three middle schools in Shanghai, completed the Elementary School Student Burnout Scale (ESSBS), the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children-Chinese (MASC-C), the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), with 95.04% effective response rate.

general psychopathology factor in Chinese adolescents and its correlation with trans-diagnostic protective psycho-social factors.

Background: Comorbidity in mental disorders is prevalent among adolescents, with evidence suggesting a general psychopathology factor ("p" factor) that reflects shared mechanisms across different disorders. However, the association between the "p" factor and protective factors remains understudied. The current study aimed to explore the "p" factor, and its associations with psycho-social functioning, in Chinese adolescents.