Edge-centric Brain Connectome Representations Reveal Increased Brain Functional Diversity of Reward Circuit in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder.

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) has been increasingly understood as a disorder of network-level functional dysconnectivity. However, previous brain connectome studies have primarily relied on node-centric approaches, neglecting critical edge-edge interactions that may capture essential features of network dysfunction.

Methods: This study included resting-state functional MRI data from 838 MDD patients and 881 healthy controls (HC) across 23 sites.

Disrupted structural connectivity-gray matter covariance coupling and associated cytoarchitectural and transcriptomic profiles in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been associated with disrupted axonal connectivity (termed structural connectivity, SC) and altered interregional coupling of gray matter morphometry (termed gray matter covariance, GMC). However, the relationship between SC and GMC in ADHD remains understudied.

Methods: We investigated this relationship by quantifying the coupling between SC and GMC using neuroimaging data from 109 children with ADHD (aged 10.

Common and distinct patterns of brain activity alterations during inhibitory control in depression and psychostimulant users: a comparative meta-analysis of task-based fMRI studies.

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) and psychostimulant use disorder (PUD) are common, disabling psychopathologies that pose a major public health burden. They share a common behavioral phenotype: deficits in inhibitory control (IC). However, whether this is underpinned by shared neurobiology remains unclear.

Different Changes in Brain Functional Networks Following 12-Week Psychostimulant Treatment in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Youth With and Without Familial Risk for Bipolar I Disorder.

Objective: Although psychostimulants are the first-line treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and can normalize associated brain network abnormalities, their neural effects in ADHD youth with a family history of bipolar I disorder (BD) have not yet been systematically investigated.

Method: This study investigated the effects of 12-week mixed amphetamine salts-extended release (MAS-XR) treatment on brain functional networks and symptom changes in ADHD youth with ("high-risk" [HR]) and without ("low-risk" [LR]) a first-degree relative with BD. LR received 12-week open-label MAS-XR and HR were randomized to MAS-XR or placebo (PLA).

Noninvasive Brain Stimulation in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Treatment Efficacy and Targeting Strategies.

Objective: Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) has emerged as a promising novel treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the precise effects of NIBS in ADHD, as well as optimal stimulation protocols, remain elusive. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to provide a rigorous evaluation and robust quantified evidence on the therapeutic efficacy of NIBS on ADHD.

Neuroimaging insights into the psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review.

The COVID-19 pandemic has posed an unprecedented threat to global health. However, neural substrates underlying mental health vulnerabilities brought by the pandemic remain elusive. We conducted a systematic review relating structural and functional brain abnormalities to mental health issues associated with COVID-19 at brain regional and network levels.

Resolving Heterogeneity in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Using Individualized Structural Covariance Network Analysis.

The heterogeneity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an obstacle to both understanding and therapy, and this has prompted a search for internally homogeneous neuroradiological subgroups within the broad clinical diagnosis. We set out to do this using the individual differential structural covariance network (IDSCN). We constructed cortical thickness-based IDSCN using T1-weighted images of 89 individuals with PTSD (mean age 42.

Mapping ADHD Heterogeneity and Biotypes through Topological Deviations in Morphometric Similarity Networks.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by considerable clinical heterogeneity. This study investigates whether normative modelling of topological properties derived from brain morphometry similarity networks can provide robust stratification markers for ADHD children. Leveraging multisite neurodevelopmental datasets (discovery: 446 ADHD, 708 controls; validation: 554 ADHD, 123 controls), we constructed morphometric similarity networks and developed normative models for three topological metrics: degree centrality, nodal efficiency, and participation coefficient.

Neurofunctional aberrations associated with social cognition across clinical and genetic risk groups for schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of fMRI studies.

Aberrant social cognition is a core feature of schizophrenia, persisting from clinical high-risk and genetic high-risk states to the first episode of psychosis. This study aimed to identify shared and distinct social cognition-related functional alterations across clinical high-risk, genetic high-risk, and first episode of psychosis groups, shedding light on varying risk levels for first episode of psychosis development. Meta-analyses were performed on 38 whole-brain task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging studies (12 clinical high risk, 15 genetic high risk, 11 first episode of psychosis) using Seed-based d Mapping.

Overlapping and differential neuropharmacological mechanisms of stimulants and nonstimulants for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a comparative neuroimaging analysis.

Background: Psychostimulants and nonstimulants have partially overlapping pharmacological targets on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but whether their neuroimaging underpinnings differ is elusive. We aimed to identify overlapping and medication-specific brain functional mechanisms of psychostimulants and nonstimulants on ADHD.

Methods: After a systematic literature search and database construction, the imputed maps of separate and pooled neuropharmacological mechanisms were meta-analyzed by Seed-based Mapping toolbox, followed by large-scale network analysis to uncover potential coactivation patterns and meta-regression analysis to examine the modulatory effects of age and sex.

Novel MRI Signs in Atlantodental Space Predict Reduction Degree of Atlantoaxial Dislocation.

Objective: The type of atlantodental space tissue in patients with atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD) can help doctors understand the possibility of reduction before surgery. However, relevant research on this topic is lacking. This study aimed to summarize cases of AAD, classified based on the atlantodental space using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and preliminarily explore its impact on the degree of reduction.

Shared and distinct patterns of default mode network dysfunction in major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder: A comparative meta-analysis.

Background: While patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) exhibited default mode network (DMN) dysfunction revealed by aberrant resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) patterns, previous findings have been inconsistent. Little is known about the similarities and differences in DMN rsFC between MDD and BD.

Methods: A voxel-wise meta-analysis of seed-based DMN rsFC studies on MDD or BD was performed using the Seed-based d Mapping software with permutation of subject images (SDM-PSI).

Impaired topology and connectivity of grey matter structural networks in major depressive disorder: evidence from a multi-site neuroimaging data-set.

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) has been increasingly understood as a disruption of brain connectome. Investigating grey matter structural networks with a large sample size can provide valuable insights into the structural basis of network-level neuropathological underpinnings of MDD.

Aims: Using a multisite MRI data-set including nearly 2000 individuals, this study aimed to identify robust topology and connectivity abnormalities of grey matter structural network linked to MDD and relevant clinical phenotypes.

GLI family zinc finger protein 2 promotes skin fibroblast proliferation and DNA damage repair by targeting the miR-200/ataxia telangiectasia mutated axis in diabetic wound healing.

Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a serious complication of diabetic patients which negatively affects their foot health. This study aimed to estimate the role and mechanism of the miR-200 family in DNA damage of diabetic wound healing. Human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF-1 cells) were stimulated with high glucose (HG).

Multivariate patterns of brain functional connectome associated with COVID-19-related negative affect symptoms.

Severe mental health problems with the representation of negative affect symptoms (NAS) have been increasingly reported during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study aimed to explore the multivariate patterns of brain functional connectome predicting COVID-19-related NAS. This cohort study encompassed a group of university students to undergo neuroimaging scans before the pandemic, and we re-contacted participants for 1-year follow-up COVID-related NAS evaluations during the pandemic.

Aberrant brain network topology in youth with a familial risk for bipolar disorder: a task-based fMRI connectome study.

Background: Youth with a family history of bipolar disorder (BD) may be at increased risk for mood disorders and for developing side effects after antidepressant exposure. The neurobiological basis of these risks remains poorly understood. We aimed to identify biomarkers underlying risk by characterizing abnormalities in the brain connectome of symptomatic youth at familial risk for BD.

Common and distinct neural correlates of emotional processing in individuals at familial risk for major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder: A comparative meta-analysis.

Individuals at familial risk for mood disorders exhibit deficits in emotional processing and associated brain dysfunction prior to illness onset. However, such brain-behavior abnormalities related to familial predisposition remain poorly understood. To investigate robust abnormal functional activation patterns during emotional processing in unaffected at-risk relatives of patients with major depressive disorder (UAR-MDD) and bipolar disorder (UAR-BD), we performed a meta-analysis of task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging studies using Seed-based d Mapping (SDM) toolbox.

Shared and Distinct Neurobiological Bases of Bipolar Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents: A Comparative Meta-Analysis of Structural Abnormalities.

Objective: Pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) frequently co-occur and share dysfunctions in affective and cognitive domains. As the neural substrates underlying their overlapping and dissociable symptomatology have not been well delineated, a meta-analysis of whole-brain voxel-based morphometry studies in PBD and ADHD was conducted.

Method: A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase.

Pre-COVID brain network topology prospectively predicts social anxiety alterations during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Social anxiety (SA) is a negative emotional response that can lead to mental health issues, which some have experienced during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Little attention has been given to the neurobiological mechanisms underlying inter-individual differences in SA alterations related to COVID-19. This study aims to identify neurofunctional markers of COVID-specific SA development.

Pre-COVID resting-state brain activity in the fusiform gyrus prospectively predicts social anxiety alterations during the pandemic.

Background: Social anxiety (SA) has been linked to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, but the neurobiopsychological mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the neurofunctional markers for COVID-induced SA development and the potential role of COVID-related posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in the brain-SA alterations link.

Methods: Before the COVID-19 pandemic (T1), 100 general college students underwent resting-state magnetic resonance imaging and behavioral tests.

Distinct pre-COVID brain structural signatures in COVID-19-related post-traumatic stress symptoms and post-traumatic growth.

Post-traumatic stress symptoms and post-traumatic growth are common co-occurring psychological responses following exposure to traumatic events (such as COVID-19 pandemic), their mutual relationship remains unclear. To explore this relationship, structural magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired from 115 general college students before the COVID-19 pandemic, and follow-up post-traumatic stress symptoms and post-traumatic growth measurements were collected during the pandemic. Voxel-based morphometry was conducted and individual structural covariance networks based on gray matter volume were further analyzed using graph theory and partial least squares correlation.

Exosomal circHIPK3 derived from umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells enhances skin fibroblast autophagy by blocking miR-20b-5p/ULK1/Atg13 axis.

Background: Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs) could alleviate diabetes-induced injury. Hence, this investigation aimed to explore the role and mechanism of UCMSCs-derived exosomal circHIPK3 (exo-circHIPK3) in diabetes mellitus (DM).

Methods: HFF-1 cells were cultured in high glucose (HG) medium or normal medium, and treated with UCMSCs-derived exo-circHIPK3 or miR-20b-5p mimics or Unc-51-like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1) overexpression vector.