Article Synopsis
- Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are promising due to their high energy density but struggle with slow conversion of lithium polysulfides (LiPS) during charging and discharging.
- Single nickel (Ni) atoms on nitrogen-doped graphene (Ni@NG) enhance Li-S battery performance by trapping polysulfide ions and promoting efficient electron transfer, which accelerates the conversion process.
- This innovative separator modification results in a Li-S battery with impressive rate performance and a minimal capacity decay of just 0.06% per cycle, paving the way for advancements in single-atom catalysts for stable Li-S battery technology.
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Article Abstract
Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have arousing interest because of their high theoretical energy density. However, they often suffer from sluggish conversion of lithium polysulfides (LiPS) during the charge/discharge process. Single nickel (Ni) atoms on nitrogen-doped graphene (Ni@NG) with Ni-N structure are prepared and introduced to modify the separators of Li-S batteries. The oxidized Ni sites of the Ni-N structure act as polysulfide traps, efficiently accommodating polysulfide ion electrons by forming strong S ⋅⋅⋅NiN bonding. Additionally, charge transfer between the LiPS and oxidized Ni sites endows the LiPS on Ni@NG with low free energy and decomposition energy barrier in an electrochemical process, accelerating the kinetic conversion of LiPS during the charge/discharge process. Furthermore, the large binding energy of LiPS on Ni@NG also shows its ability to immobilize the LiPS and further suppresses the undesirable shuttle effect. Therefore, a Li-S battery based on a Ni@NG modified separator exhibits excellent rate performance and stable cycling life with only 0.06% capacity decay per cycle. It affords fresh insights for developing single-atom catalysts to accelerate the kinetic conversion of LiPS for highly stable Li-S batteries.
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