Targeting the Keap1/Nrf2 axis in cancer: molecular mechanisms and pharmacological interventions.

The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is the first-line regulator of a plethora of cytoprotective pathways, such as inflammation, redox metabolism, and proteostasis. Besides its protective role in oxidative stress, several recent advances suggested that the Nrf2 pathway is extensively involved in cancer pathogenesis and confers a survival advantage and malignant transformation. Therefore, pharmacological inhibition of Nrf2 is a potential therapeutic approach for cancer that is related to oxidative stress and inflammation.

Ga-doped coenzyme-based adhesives for periodontitis treatment.

Chronic periodontitis is a long-standing thorny issue for oral health, characterized primarily by the excessive production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species, pathogenic bacterial infection, and the continuous loss of alveolar bone. In the present study, a poly(lipoic acid) (PolyLA) coenzyme-based tissue adhesive (PolyLA/Arg/Ga) was developed for the treatment of periodontitis. It functions by combining the non-antibiotic antimicrobial gallium ion (Ga) with PolyLA/Arg to resist pathogenic bacteria and promote osteogenesis.

SATB1 is a key regulator of quiescence in stem-like CD8 T cells.

Stem-like progenitor CD8 T (T) cells sustain cytotoxic immunity during chronic infection and cancer through quiescence, multipotency and self-renewal, hallmarks shared with memory T cells. However, how these properties are maintained under persistent antigen stimulation remains unclear. Here we identify the genomic organizer SATB1 as selectively enriched in both T and memory CD8 T cells.

A foundation model for human-AI collaboration in medical literature mining.

Systematic literature review is essential for evidence-based medicine, requiring comprehensive analysis of clinical trial publications. However, the application of artificial intelligence (AI) models for medical literature mining has been limited by insufficient training and evaluation across broad therapeutic areas and diverse tasks. Here, we present LEADS, an AI foundation model for study search, screening, and data extraction from medical literature.

SPP1+ Tumor-associated Macrophages Drive Immunotherapy Resistance via CD8+ T-Cell Dysfunction in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are key regulators of tumor immunity. With advances in single-cell analyses, SPP1+ TAMs have been observed across multiple tumor sites. However, their clinical relevance and phenotypic characteristics in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) have not been comprehensively delineated.

Piezoelectric Injectable Anti-Adhesive Hydrogel to Promote Endogenous Healing of Tendon Injuries.

Achilles tendon rupture has become a common sports injury nowadays, but tendon repair is still is a challenge in the clinical practice. Tendon adhesion, which results from exogenous healing, is a crucial problem impairing tendon repair. Meanwhile, insufficient endogenous healing from the tendon stem cells, makes tendon repair even more difficult.

Global ocean surface pCO retrieval and the influence of mesoscale eddies on its performance.

CO exchange at air-sea interface is crucial for global carbon cycle. Uncertainties in CO flux quantification are constrained by ocean surface partial pressure of CO (pCO) variations. While regional pCO retrieval algorithms exist, the impact of mesoscale eddies on accuracy remains understudies.

N6-methyladenosine RNA landscape in the aged mouse hearts.

Objective: Cardiac aging is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Although evidence suggests an association between N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification and numerous cardiovascular diseases, its role in cardiac aging remains unclear. This study was conducted to elucidate the role of m6A modification in cardiac aging and the molecular mechanisms involved.

Multiple infections with Omicron variants increase breadth and potency of Omicron-specific neutralizing antibodies.

Despite high vaccination rates, highly evolved Omicron variants have caused widespread infections and, in some cases, recurrent infections in the human population. As the population continues to be threatened by new variants, it is critical to understand how the dynamic cross-reactive antibody response evolves and affects protection. Here, we longitudinally profiled neutralizing antibodies in individuals who experienced three Omicron waves in China over an 18-month period following the lifting of the COVID restriction.

Tooth loss and mortality risk: the mediating role of hs-CRP in a Chinese cohort.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the mediating effect of systemic condition on the relationship between tooth loss and mortality risk.

Materials And Methods: A 9-y follow-up prospective longitudinal study was conducted based on China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). The participants aged >45 y at baseline and were followed up from 2011 to 2020.

Leveraging long context in retrieval augmented language models for medical question answering.

While holding great promise for improving and facilitating healthcare through applications of medical literature summarization, large language models (LLMs) struggle to produce up-to-date responses on evolving topics due to outdated knowledge or hallucination. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a pivotal innovation that improves the accuracy and relevance of LLM responses by integrating LLMs with a search engine and external sources of knowledge. However, the quality of RAG responses can be largely impacted by the rank and density of key information in the retrieval results, such as the "lost-in-the-middle" problem.

Non-Destructive Detection of Chilled Mutton Freshness Using a Dual-Branch Hierarchical Spectral Feature-Aware Network.

Precise detection of meat freshness levels is essential for food consumer safety and real-time quality monitoring. This study aims to achieve the high-accuracy freshness detection of chilled mutton freshness by integrating hyperspectral imaging with deep learning methods. Although hyperspectral data can effectively capture changes in mutton freshness, sparse raw spectra require optimal data processing strategies to minimize redundancy.

Leveraging microbiome signatures to predict tumor immune microenvironment and prognosis of patients with endometrial carcinoma.

Recent studies suggest that the human microbiome influence tumor development. Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is the sixth most common malignancy in women. Recent research has demonstrated the microbes play a critical role in the development and metastasis of EC.

Study on the Effects and Mechanism of Corilagin on A2780 Cell Apoptosis.

Previous studies have demonstrated corilagin's inhibitory effects on the growth of various cancer cells. Given the limited research on corilagin's impact on ovarian cancer, a particularly deadly gynecological malignancy, this study aimed to investigate corilagin's influence on A2780 ovarian cancer cell apoptosis and its underlying mechanisms. The goal was to evaluate corilagin's potential as a therapeutic agent for ovarian cancer.

A ratiometric fluorescence and visual sensor based on conjugated polymer nanoparticles@MnO probe for organophosphorus pesticides detection.

Organophosphorus (OPs) pesticide residues pose significant threats to human health and the environment. To tackle this issue, we synthesized water-soluble fluorescent conjugated polymer nanoparticles (WSCPNs), which offer high fluorescence intensity, simple preparation methods, and ease of functionalization, making them ideal candidates for fluorescent sensing applications. These WSCPNs were subsequently used to prepare a WSCPNs@MnO probe via in situ synthesis, resulting in efficient fluorescence resonance energy transfer between WSCPNs and MnO₂.

Adaptive evolution of extensive drug resistance and persistence in epidemic ST11 KPC-producing during antimicrobial chemotherapy.

The global rise of carbapenem-resistant , including strains producing carbapenemase (KPC) types, poses a significant public health challenge due to their resistance to critical antibiotics. Treatment options for infections caused by KPC-producing (KPC-KP) are increasingly limited, particularly as these strains develop resistance to last-line antibiotics such as ceftazidime/avibactam and colistin. This study investigates the evolution of antibiotic resistance and persistence in a series of clonally related ST11 KPC-KP strains isolated from a single patient undergoing extended antimicrobial treatment.

A Method of Efficiently Regenerating Waste LiFePO Cathode Material after Air Firing Treatment.

Waste LiFePO (LFP) batteries can be harmful to the environment and lead to waste of resources if not properly disposed of. In this study, an efficient and environmentally friendly method for solid-phase recycling waste LFP cathode material (W-LFP) is proposed. Most of the impurities in the W-LFP are removed by air firing.

Identification of a lactylation-related gene signature as the novel biomarkers for early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction.

Cardiovascular disease, particularly acute myocardial infarction (AMI), is a major global health concern. Current diagnostic methods for AMI lack sensitivity and specificity, necessitating novel biomarkers for early detection. In this study, we analyzed AMI gene expression datasets from the GEO database, employing Differential Gene Expression Analysis and WGCNA to identify key genes and co-expression modules.

Engineering natural DNA matrices with halloysite nanotubes to fabricate injectable therapeutic hydrogels for bone regeneration.

Background: Injectable hydrogels are widely used in drug delivery and the repair of irregular tissue defects due to their advantages such as convenient and minimally invasive operation. Although the existing injectable hydrogels have excellent biocompatibility and osteoconduction, they still face clinical challenges such as low osteogenic activity. The key requirements for improved injectable hydrogels as repair materials for non-load bearing bone defects are optimal handling properties, the ability to fill irregular defects and provide osteoinductive stimulation.

PTPN2 dephosphorylates STAT3 to ameliorate anesthesia-induced cognitive decline in aged rats by altering the microglial phenotype and inhibiting inflammation.

Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PNDs) are common neurological complications after anesthesia in the elderly. Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (PTPN2) regulates signal transducer and activator of transcription protein 3 (STAT3) signaling to control inflammation in certain organs, but its role in PNDs remains unknown. Herein, we constructed a PND model in 18-month-old rats by treating them with sevoflurane.