Role of autophagy in rejection after solid organ transplantation: A systematic review of the literature.

Organ transplantation has long been recognized as an effective treatment for end-stage organ failure, metabolic diseases, and malignant tumors. However, graft rejection caused by major histocompatibility complex mismatch remains a significant challenge. While modern immunosuppressants have made significant strides in reducing the incidence and risk of rejection, they have not been able to eliminate it completely.

Development and Characterization of a Murine Lung Adenocarcinoma Cell Line With High Thoracic Pleural Metastatic Potential.

Background/aim: Pleural metastasis and malignant pleural effusion (MPE) are common complications of lung adenocarcinoma. Patients with MPE have poor outcomes, with overall survival ranging from 5 to 11.4 months.

A Novel Model for Predicting Microsatellite Instability in Endometrial Cancer: Integrating Deep Learning-Pathomics and MRI-Based Radiomics.

Rationale And Objectives: To develop and validate a novel model based on multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) and whole slide images (WSIs) for predicting microsatellite instability (MSI) status in endometrial cancer (EC) patients.

Materials And Methods: A total of 136 surgically confirmed EC patients were included in this retrospective study. Patients were randomly divided into a training set (96 patients) and a validation set (40 patients) in a 7:3 ratio.

Development and validation of a decision tree model for prediction of insomnia risk among ischemic stroke convalescence patients.

Background: Insomnia is a common complication in ischemic stroke convalescence (ISC) patients. While the interaction of clinical, psychological, and social factors remains unclear, developing a predictive model system is urgently needed. Currently, few studies have established insomnia risk prediction models.

Applying silicon fertilizer under straw return can reduce nitrogen application, increase rice yield and lodging resistance.

Background: Straw return can improve soil nutrients but inhibits rice tillering. Nitrogen(N) fertilizer can alleviate tillering limitation, but excessive application may cause rice lodging and reduce yield. Silicon (Si) fertilizer can enhance lodging resistance of rice and promote its growth.

Sintilimab Plus Axitinib for Advanced Fumarate Hydratase-Deficient Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Phase 2 Nonrandomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Fumarate hydratase-deficient renal cell carcinoma (FH-deficient RCC) is a lethal kidney cancer that has limited therapeutic options.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of sintilimab plus axitinib for treatment of advanced FH-deficient RCC.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This phase 2 multicenter, open-label, single-arm nonrandomized clinical trial enrolled patients with pathologically confirmed, treatment-naive, advanced FH-deficient RCC and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status of 0 to 2 from July 1, 2021, to August 29, 2023, across 8 institutions in China.

Combination of intermittent fasting and endurance exercise impedes the development of the musculoskeletal system in non-obese growing rats.

Background/objectives: The proliferation of appearance-centered values on social media has driven non-obese adolescents towards increasingly extreme diets and exercise programs to achieve weight loss. Despite this, the effects of concurrent diets and exercise on musculoskeletal development during adolescence are unclear. This study examined whether prolonged endurance exercise (EX) with intermittent fasting during adolescence adversely affects musculoskeletal growth.

Mitochondrial dysfunction in postoperative cognitive dysfunction: From preclinical mechanisms to multimodal diagnostics and precision intervention.

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) poses a significant clinical challenge with far-reaching implications for patient recovery and long-term quality of life. Growing evidence underscores the central role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of POCD, uncovering an intricate interplay of molecular mechanisms that influence cognitive function. This study reviews the key mechanistic pathways involving mitochondria: bioenergetic impairment and metabolic irregularities, oxidative stress pathways and neuroinflammation, disruptions in calcium signaling, and deficiencies in mitochondrial quality control mechanisms-including kinetic abnormalities, defective mitophagy, and mitochondrial genetic material damage.

The causal association between insomnia and cognitive decline: A 2-sample, 2-step multivariable Mendelian randomization study.

While there have been many observational studies to date exploring the potential causal nature of any relationship between insomnia and cognitive decline, the available evidence remains contradictory. As such, in this study, a 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was performed using publicly accessible genome-wide association study data in order to clarify the mediating effects of several variables on this link. Results were validated by performing sensitivity analyses including the Cochran Q test, the MR-Egger intercept test, the Mendelian Randomization Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier, MR Radial, and leave-one-out analyses.

High Phosphorus Fertilization Increases Manganese Accumulation in Wheat: Absorption and Transport Mechanisms.

Excessive intake of manganese (Mn) may cause neurological toxicity in the human body. Previous studies have shown that high phosphorus (P) fertilization can significantly increase the Mn content in wheat grain; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of P fertilizer application on Mn accumulation, Mn transporters, and Mn micro-distribution in wheat at varying P fertilization rates.

The effects of early childhood dancesport intervention on executive function in preschool children: a randomized controlled trial.

This study examines the effects of early childhood DanceSport intervention on executive functions (EFs) in preschoolers. A total of 214 children (96 aged 4-5, 118 aged 5-6) were randomly assigned to an experimental or control group. The experimental group participated in an 8-week early childhood DanceSport program (twice weekly, 45 min), while the control group engaged in regular activities.

Trunk Neuromuscular Impairment Following Spinal Cord Injury: Insights into Bidirectional and Nonlinear Corticomuscular Coupling.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to disruptions in trunk motion patterns due to alterations in trunk neuromuscular control, with these changes remaining incompletely understood. This study investigates how SCI alters bidirectional and nonlinear trunk corticomuscular coupling (CMC). Seventeen SCI individuals and eighteen healthy controls experienced unexpected sagittal seated perturbations at 70% of their maximal acceptable intensity.

Empagliflozin ameliorates RSL3-induced ferroptosis in vascular endothelial cells via the NRF2/HO-1 pathway.

Endothelial cell dysfunction is a fundamental injury of atherosclerosis cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), closely linked to ferroptosis, which is a novel type of cell death induced by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. Several clinical trials have suggested that empagliflozin, a selective inhibitor of sodium glucose co-transporter 2, reduces the risk of hospitalization for heart failure and cardiovascular death in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, little is known about the mechanism of EMPA in endothelial cell ferroptosis in ASCVD.

Glycated walnut peptide-calcium chelates: Structural properties, calcium absorption enhancement mechanism, and osteogenic effects.

This study examines the structural characteristics of a novel glycated walnut peptide‑calcium chelate (COS-AERGVLYR-Ca), explores its mechanisms of calcium absorption and transport, and investigates its impact on osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells. Computer simulation results indicate that stable binding is formed between calcium ions and the carbonyl oxygen of leucine, carboxyl oxygen of glutamic acid, and carbonyl oxygen of valine in AERGVLYR. Further structural characterization confirms that Ca bind to the peptides through carboxyl oxygen and amino nitrogen, and glycation modification enhances the structural stability of AERGVLYR, exhibiting robust inhibition of calcium phosphate crystallization and gastrointestinal stability.

Global research trends on exercise and circadian rhythm: A bibliometric analysis.

Recent advancements in the field of exercise and circadian rhythms have brought attention to the potential for tailored exercise strategies based on individual biological rhythms, aiming to optimize both health and performance, yet there is a lack of bibliometric analysis within this specific area of research. This study seeks to provide an extensive insight into the knowledge structure and primary research focuses on the correlation between exercise and circadian rhythms using bibliometric analysis. Publications pertinent to exercise and circadian rhythms were sourced from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database.

Targeting SNRPE to Induce Pyroptosis Enhances Antitumor Immunity in Breast Cancer.

Although SNRPE is a core spliceosomal component that guides pre-mRNA splicing in eukaryotic cells, its impact on mammary carcinoma prognosis and the immune microenvironment remains unclear. Pyroptosis, an inflammatory cell death, exerts tumor-suppressive functions and elicits antitumor immunity. Understanding the pathways that control pyroptosis will aid in developing specific antitumor strategies, while the relationship between SNRPE and pyroptosis has not been studied.

MG53 deficiency mediated skeletal muscle dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease via impairing mitochondrial fission.

Background: Myokine dysregulation and mitochondrial dysfunction are implicated in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The objective of this study is to explore the role of myokines and mitochondrial dysfunction in sarcopenia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Methods: We identified mitsugumin 53 and its clinical correlation through an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using the plasma samples of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the jaw: clinical analysis of 68 cases.

Background: This study aims to investigate the clinical characteristics, imaging features, treatment, and prognostic factors of jaw Langerhans cell histiocytosis (JLCH), providing valuable insights for its clinical diagnosis and management.

Method: This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical and follow-up data of JLCH patients treated between January 2010 and January 2024. Data collected included gender, age, symptoms, imaging findings, treatment strategies, and outcomes.

Efficacy assessment of repeat iodine-131 treatment in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma assessed as biochemical incomplete response.

Purpose: Although most patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC) have a favorable prognosis, some continue to have elevated serum Thyroglobulin (Tg) levels after surgery and ¹³¹I treatment, classified as a Biochemical Incomplete Response (BIR). According to the 2015 American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines, 20% of these patients will develop a Structural Incomplete Response (SIR). Doctors often recommend ¹³¹I retreatment without imaging evidence, hoping for benefits.

The clinical safety landscape for ocular AAV gene therapies: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene therapy is a promising approach for treating ocular monogenic or acquired diseases, though immunogenicity and safety remain critical considerations. We conducted a systematic review of 120 trials and 32 publications to assess immune responses across different delivery routes. Intravitreal administration was associated with higher rates of anterior uveitis (43.

Selenium Nanoparticles Derived from Lam. Polysaccharides: Construction, Stability, and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity.

Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have drawn considerable attention to biomedicine, the food industry, and cosmetics due to their strong antioxidant potential and low toxicity. However, their poor stability limits broader applications. A promising strategy to overcome this limitation involves combining SeNPs with polysaccharides.

Qizhu Yuling prescription in the prevention of postoperative metastasis and recurrence of esophagus cancer: study protocol for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical trial.

Background: Esophageal cancer (EC) is a malignant tumor with a high recurrence and metastasis rate and poor prognosis. In 2024, China ranked first in the world in terms of new EC cases and deaths. Surgery is the main treatment method for EC, but the clinical difficulty is how to prevent recurrence and metastasis after surgery.

Comparative analysis of functional network dynamics in high and low alcohol preference mice.

Individual variability preference is a typical characteristic of alcohol drinking behaviors, with a higher risk for the development of alcohol use disorders (AUDs) in high alcohol preference (HP) populations. Here, we created a map of alcohol-related brain regions through c-Fos profiling, and comparatively investigated the differences of functional neural networks between the HP mice and low alcohol preference (LP) mice. We found that neuronal activity in some brain regions, such as ventral tegmental area (VTA), was altered in both HP and LP mice, indicating that these neurons were universally sensitive to alcohol.

Balancing benefits and risks of aerobic exercise for aging and musculoskeletal health.

Background: Long-term exercise is recognized as one of the most effective means of maintaining health after aging, but the relationship between moderate exercise and health in the older population is often overlooked.

Objective: The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of excessive endurance exercise on the old mice musculoskeletal system.

Results: The 8 weeks of normal endurance exercise significantly improved skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and increased femoral osteogenesis in young and old mice.

Effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide on the activation of pathogenic CD4+ T cells in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis is a severe autoimmune disorder that is mainly mediated by pathogenic cluster of CD4+ T cell subsets. Despite advancements in the management of multiple sclerosis, there is a critical need for more effective and safer treatments. In the present study, we administered Lycium barbarum glycopeptide to a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis-an animal model of multiple sclerosis-and evaluated its effects on pathogenic CD4+ T cell activation both in vivo and in vitro.