Recent advances in chiral nanoparticle superstructures with long-range order.

Long-range ordered chiral nanoparticle superstructures, formed colloidal self-assembly, exhibit geometrically asymetric structures-such as helices, twisted arrangements, or lattices with low-symmetry space groups-endowed with distinctive chiroptical properties. This review highlights that spherical inorganic nanoparticles typically require chiral templates (, supramolecular polymers, DNA, proteins or liquid crystals) to induce asymmetric spatial organization. In contrast, anisotropic inorganic nanoparticles (, nanorods, tetrahedra, or nanodumbbells) can achieve chiral assembly both with and without templates, the latter driven by interfacial directional forces or geometric curvature matching.

Finite element analysis of the impact of different traction anchorage locations on maxillary molar distalization with clear aligners and implant screws.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the impact of different implant screw insertion sites and traction point combinations of clear aligners on anchorage control during maxillary molar distalization using a three-dimensional finite element analysis.

Methods: A finite element model was developed with the second maxillary molar distalized by 2 mm, followed by the distalization of the first maxillary molar by 0.25 mm.

Development of a flexible and low-cost digital pulse processing module with α/β discrimination for portable TDCR counters.

This study developed a flexible and low-cost digital pulse processing (DPP) module with α/β discrimination for portable triple to double coincidence ratio (TDCR) counters, meeting the increasing demand for on-site activity measurement and standardization of radionuclide in nuclear power plants and medical radionuclide applications. The newly developed DPP module integrates a coincidence algorithm within the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), enabling real-time extraction of pulse characteristics based on coincidence event triggers. The features extracted from each pulse are transmitted to the Personal Computer (PC) in the form of an event list, allowing flexible selection of regions of interest (ROIs) in the pulse shape discrimination (PSD)-Energy spectrum for independent spectral display via dedicated software.

Regional-scale biogeographical patterns of soil- and root-associated microbial communities across nine planted Chinese fir forests.

Chinese fir () is an economically important plantation tree species. Gaining insights into the belowground microbiome of Chinese fir is critical for optimizing plantation management and enhancing timber production. In this study, we investigated microbial community structures in both rhizospheric soil and root samples from nine Chinese fir plantations (sites) at a regional scale.

Pantothenic acid-mediated inhibition of microglial inflammation via the JAK2/STAT3 pathway enhances motor function recovery after Spinal cord injury.

This study employed transcriptome sequencing and targeted metabolomics to delve into the molecular alterations in mouse spinal cords following spinal cord injury (SCI). Notably, a significant depletion of pantothenic acid (PA) was observed in the injured spinal cord, exhibiting an inverse correlation with microglial inflammation and activation. To further elucidate this relationship, experimental interventions using PA were conducted in SCI mouse models.

Assembly of Silver Nanoparticle on One-Dimensional Supramolecular Scaffolds for Bacterial Infection Treatment.

Bacterial antibiotic resistance has emerged as a major global threat to human health. The rapid spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria severely limits therapeutic and diagnostic options in clinical practice. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) exhibit potent antibacterial activity due to their unique antimicrobial mechanisms.

Solution-focused brief therapy combined with mindfulness-based stress reduction to alleviate claustrophobia during MR imaging.

Background: This study evaluates the influence of solution-focused approaches combined with mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on claustrophobia in a high-risk cohort undergoing magnetic resonance (MR) imaging.

Methods: In the prospective observational 2-group study, a total of 77 patients (55% male, mean age 50.1 ± 11.

Preconditioning with an enriched environment enhances neuroplasticity and functional recovery following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Background: This study aimed to examine the effects of preconditioning with an enriched environment (EE) on neuroplasticity following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and to elucidate its underlying neuroprotective mechanisms. While prior research has indicated that EE preconditioning may mitigate neuronal apoptosis, the molecular pathways contributing to neuroplasticity enhancement post-I/R injury remain insufficiently characterized.

Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated into three experimental groups: (1) Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) with pre-ischemic EE exposure (PIEE), (2) pre-ischemic standard condition (SC) exposure with MCAO (PISC), and (3) pre-ischemic SC exposure with sham surgery (Sham).

Discovery and Biosynthesis of Nyuzenamides D and E by Genome Mining in.

Nyuzenamides belong to a class of bioactive cinnamoyl moieties containing nonribosomal peptides. Genome mining revealed a putative BGC in DSM 40578. Two new analogues, nyuzenamides D () and E (), were subsequently isolated, and their structures were elucidated by detailed nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic and mass spectrometric data analyses.

Applications of biosensing in assessing food flavor: advancements, challenges, and prospects.

The increasing demand for high-quality, flavorful food products has driven improvements in flavor detection technologies. Traditional methods, such as sensory analysis and instrument-based techniques, often lack thorough quantitative assessments. This inadequacy points to a significant gap in the precise evaluation of food flavors, highlighting the need for more advanced analytical approaches.

Controlled Writhing of Chiral Matter in Deformable Droplet Confinement.

Chirality─the property of being nonsuperimposable on its mirror image─plays a fundamental role in shaping how materials interact with light, molecules, and external fields. This property is key to advancements in areas such as quantum computing, flexible electronics, and smart sensors. However, controlling chirality in materials beyond the molecular scale has remained a significant challenge.

High-throughput metabolic engineering of through gene expression tuning.

The challenge of accurately predicting which genetic alternations lead to the desired phenotype necessitates high-throughput metabolic engineering approaches where numerous hypotheses can be tested simultaneously. We describe the CRISPR-Cas9-based method TUNE that enables high-throughput tuning of gene expression in the common industrial yeast . The method is based on replacing the promoters of the target genes with native promoters of varying strengths or removing the promoters entirely.

Controlling Circularly Polarized Luminescence Enabled by Chirality and Energy Transfer from Optimized Chiral Molecules to Quantum Dots.

Chirality transfer/amplification and energy transfer in artificial assembly systems are longstanding challenges inspired by biological systems. In particular, controlling intercomponent interactions to engineer CPL-active materials in multicomponent chiral coassemblies remains difficult. Here, we report the simultaneous realization of chirality and energy transfer in self-assembled hybrid systems comprising quantum dots with high photoluminescence quantum yield and organic molecules featuring aggregation-induced emission (AIE).

The effects of Typhoon Doksuri on soil respiration in a subtropical forest.

Typhoons would alter soil respiration by altering forest structure and tree growth. However, there is limi-ted information on how typhoon will alter soil respiration under global warming with increasing intensity and frequency of typhoons in the future. We examined the effects of Typhoon Doksuri and soil warming (+4 ℃ via cable warming) on soil respiration in a subtropical broadleaf evergreen forest in 2023 by measuring soil respiration and environmental factors using a high time-resolution automated monitoring system.

Lydicamycins induce morphological differentiation in actinobacterial interactions.

Unlabelled: are major players in soil microbiomes; however, their interactions with other actinobacteria remain largely unexplored. Given the complex developmental cycle of actinobacteria, a multi-omics approach is essential to unravel the interactions. This study originated from the observation of induced morphogenesis between two environmental isolates from the same site, sp.

Indoor Localization Methods for Smartphones with Multi-Source Sensors Fusion: Tasks, Challenges, Strategies, and Perspectives.

Positioning information greatly enhances the convenience of people's lives and the efficiency of societal operations. However, due to the impact of complex indoor environments, GNSS signals suffer from multipath effects, blockages, and attenuation, making it difficult to provide reliable positioning services indoors. Smartphone indoor positioning and navigation is a crucial technology for enabling indoor location services.

The multifaceted nature of SUMOylation in heart disease and its therapeutic potential.

SUMOylation (SUMO), a crucial post-translational modification, is implicated in the regulation of diverse biological processes and plays a pivotal role in both the maintenance of cardiac function and progression and treatment of heart disease. Here, we reviewed the mechanisms by which SUMO-related various aspects of cardiac function and disease, including cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and myocardial infarction. Furthermore, we highlight its potential as a therapeutic target.

Boosting Reaction Kinetics with Viscous Nanowire Dispersions.

Higher viscosity typically slows chemical reactions by restricting molecular movement, while stirring accelerates reactions by enhancing reactant diffusion and collisions. However, in this study, we reveal that reaction rates in nanowire dispersions─with microscopic viscosity ∼300 times that of decane, can be enhanced by over an order of magnitude. Counterintuitively, stirring slows the reaction with higher stirring rates causing even greater deceleration.

Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination, Distribution, and Source Identification in Surface Sediments from the Mid-Upper Reaches of the Yellow River.

River sediments serve as both a source and a reservoir for potential heavy metal pollutants, providing critical insights into the health of aquatic ecosystems. Heavy metal contamination in global river systems poses significant risks to human health through the food chain. This study investigates the contents of heavy metals, including Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni, Zn, Cr, Pb, and Cd, in surface sediment samples collected from the mid-upper reaches of the Yellow River, which flows through the provinces of Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, and Henan.

Assessment of surface sediment properties and heavy metal contamination in typical urban areas of the Yellow River, China.

River sediments serve as a source and sink of potential heavy metal pollutants and offer crucial information for aquatic ecosystem health. Heavy metal pollution is a serious issue in global river systems and impacts humans via the food chain. In order to explore the distribution level of heavy metals in the water quality of the Yellow River in China.

A new background discrimination method using support vector machine (SVM) with gaussian kernel in low-level H liquid scintillation measurement.

In this study, a new background discrimination method using SVM with gaussian kernel in low-level H liquid scintillation measurement is developed. Dimensionality reduction techniques were employed to process the full waveform data of each event following time discrimination. The reduced-dimensional data were then used to construct the classification model.

Proteomics and metabolomics elucidate the biosynthetic pathway of acid stress-induced exopolysaccharides and its impact on growth phenotypes in Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HMX2.

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum has been well acknowledged to produce exopolysaccharides (EPS) as a defense mechanism against acid stress. However, the complete biosynthetic pathway of EPS in L. plantarum and its impact on the cell growth and primary metabolism were still unclear.

Thermal processing to modulate surface chemistry and bulk charge distribution in nickel-rich layered lithium positive electrodes.

The broader application of nickel-rich layered oxides as positive electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries has been hindered by their high manufacturing cost and inferior cycling stability. Thermal processing, which is integral to electrode materials manufacturing and fundamental in materials science, has not been fully utilized to design advanced positive electrode materials. Herein, we demonstrate the capability of using quenching heat treatment to regulate Li distribution and modulate electronic structure near particle surface.

Inhibition of Mitochondrial Fission Reverses Simulated Microgravity-Induced Osteoblast Dysfunction by Enhancing Mechanotransduction and Epigenetic Modification.

Simulated microgravity (SMG) poses substantial challenges to astronaut health, particularly impacting osteoblast function and leading to disuse osteoporosis. This study investigates the adverse effects of SMG on osteoblasts, focusing on changes in mitochondrial dynamics and their consequent effects on cellular energy metabolism and mechanotransduction pathways. We discovered that SMG markedly reduced the expression of osteoblast differentiation markers and promoted mitochondrial fission, as indicated by an increase in punctate mitochondria, a decrease in mitochondrial length, and a reduction in cristae density.

Multi-objective optimization of the heating oil circuit inside the calendering roller for the lithium battery pole piece.

The heating oil circuit plays an essential role in the heating calendering roller for the lithium battery pole piece. To achieve the optimization of the heating oil circuit, a fluid-thermal-structural coupling method and a multi-objective optimization procedure are proposed to obtain the optimal solution. A fluid-thermal-structural coupling flowchart based on the numerical modeling for the calendering roller temperature distribution is created to automate the analysis processes in the optimization iteration.