Biodegradation of the Fungicide Picoxystrobin by sp. H-9 and Detoxification Mechanism as Indicated by the Microalgae .

Picoxystrobin is widely used in agriculture, causing residual contamination of habitats and ecotoxicity. In this study, a picoxystrobin-degrading strain H-9 was isolated and identified as sp. It can rapidly degrade four strobilurin fungicides (picoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, azoxystrobin, and kresoxim-methyl) to produce the corresponding SF acids and methanol via the hydrolysis of ester bonds.

Equipping a Wyatt multiangle, multidetector instrument for real-time particle and polymer sizing by simultaneous multiple-angle dynamic and static light scattering.

Well-constructed instruments may continue to perform beyond their manufacturer-supported service lifetime, which is typically limited by computer operating system compatibility or the availability of spare parts. Often, such equipment is condemned to surplus and destroyed. End-of-life plans that retain some of the material and energy used to create scientific instruments are of interest, just as in other manufacturing sectors.

Degradation of Three Herbicides and Effect on Bacterial Communities under Combined Pollution.

Pesticide residues in soil, especially multiple herbicide residues, cause a series of adverse effects on soil properties and microorganisms. In this work, the degradation of three herbicides and the effect on bacterial communities under combined pollution was investigated. The experimental results showed that the half-lives of acetochlor and prometryn significantly altered under combined exposure (5.

3D-Printed Hydrogel-Based Flexible Electrochromic Device for Wearable Displays.

Flexible electrochromic devices (FECDs) are widely explored for diverse applications including wearable electronics, camouflage, and smart windows. However, the manufacturing process of patterned FECDs remains complex, costly, and non-customizable. To address this challenge, a strategy is proposed to prepare integrated FECDs via multi-material direct writing 3D printing.

Efficacy of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and its underlying mechanism in preventing bisphenol-A-induced metabolic disorders in mice.

To investigate the efficacy of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and its underlying mechanism in preventing bisphenol-A-induced metabolic disorders, in this study, a mice model of metabolic disorders induced by BPA was developed to investigate the efficacy and mechanism of EGCG using microbiomes and metabolomics. The results showed that EGCG reduced body weight, liver weight ratio, and triglyceride and total cholesterol levels in mice by decreasing the mRNA expression of genes related to fatty acid synthesis (Elov16) and cholesterol synthesis (CYP4A14) and increasing the mRNA expression of genes related to fatty acid oxidation (Lss) and cholesterol metabolism (Cyp7a1). In addition, EGCG normalized BPA-induced intestinal microbial dysbiosis.

Paraffin-Enabled Superlattice Customization for a Photostimulated Gradient-Responsive Artificial Reflex Arc.

The development of photostimulated-motion artificial reflex arcs - a neural circuit inspired by light-driven motion reflexes - holds significant promises for advancements in robotic perception, navigation, and motion control. However, the fabrication of such systems, especially those that accommodate multiple actions and exhibit gradient responses, remains challenging. Here, a gradient-responsive photostimulated-motion artificial reflex arc is developed by integrating a programmable and tunable photoreceptor based on folded MoS at different twist angles.

A Rapid and Sensitive Gold Nanoparticle-Based Lateral Flow Immunoassay for Chlorantraniliprole in Agricultural and Environmental Samples.

Chlorantraniliprole (CAP) is a new type of diamide insecticide that is mainly used to control lepidopteran pests. However, it has been proven to be hazardous to nontarget organisms, and the effects of its residues need to be monitored. In this study, five hybridoma cell lines were developed that produced anti-CAP monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), of which the mAb originating from the cell line 5C5B9 showed the highest sensitivity and was used to develop a gold nanoparticle-based lateral flow immunoassay (AuNP-LFIA) for CAP.

Prothioconazole exposure disrupts oocyte maturation and fertilization by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in mice.

Prothioconazole (PTC), a novel broad-spectrum triazole fungicide, has attracted widespread concern due to its wide use and toxicological effects on non-target organisms. However, little is known about the impact of PTC on oocyte quality and female fertility, especially on oocyte maturation and fertilization. In the present study, we reported that PTC exposure affects the oocyte developmental competence and oocyte fertilization ability to weaken female fertility.

Residue Behavior of Chiral Fungicide Prothioconazole and Its Major Chiral Metabolite in Flour Product Processing.

This study systematically investigates the stereoselective metabolism and residue behavior of chiral pesticide prothioconazole enantiomers during the steaming, baking, and frying of steamed buns, bread, and deep-fried dough sticks. The results show that steaming, baking, and frying can significantly promote the degradation of the prothioconazole enantiomers. In low- and high-concentration treatments, the degradation rates of prothioconazole enantiomers were over 96.

Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Tea ( L.) from Weeds through Weed-Soil-Tea Transfer and Risk Assessment of Tea Intake.

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) have been detected in tea and can threaten human health. However, the specific source of PAs in tea is still unclear. Here, 88 dried tea products collected from six major tea-producing areas in Anhui Province, China, were analyzed.

A bimetallic organic framework based fluorescent aptamer probe for the detection of zearalenone in cereals.

In this work, a bimetallic organic framework (Cu/UiO-66) based "turn on" fluorescent aptamer probe was designed for the high-efficiency detection of zearalenone (ZEN). In the probe, the 6-carboxyfluorescein-labeled aptamer (FAM-Apt) was used as the recognition element, and the electrostatic interaction, coordination effect, and photoinduced electron transfer effect between FAM-Apt and Cu/UiO-66 caused fluorescence quenching. When ZEN existed, FAM-Apt recognized ZEN specifically, causing FAM-Apt to separate from the surface of Cu/UiO-66 and recovery of fluorescence.

Detecting Anomaly Event in Video Based on Generative Adversarial Network.

Anomaly detection in videos is a challenging computer vision problem. Existing state-of-the-art video anomaly detection methods mainly focus on the structural design of deep neural networks to obtain performance improvements. Different from the main research trend, this paper focuses on combining ensemble learning and deep neural networks and proposes an approach based on ensemble generative adversarial network (GAN).

Toxification metabolism and treatment strategy of the chiral triazole fungicide prothioconazole in water.

Toxification metabolism of the chiral triazole fungicide prothioconazole in the environment has attracted an increasing amount of attention. To better understand the fate of prothioconazole in aquatic ecosystems and develop a treatment strategy, the stereoselective toxicity, degradation and bioconcentration of prothioconazole were investigated in water with algae at the enantiomer level. There was remarkable enantioselectivity against Chlorella pyrenoidosa, and the highly toxic S-prothioconazole was preferentially degraded with enantiomer fraction values ranging from 0.

Enantiomer metabolism of acephate and its metabolite methamidophos in in vitro tea (Camellia sinensis L.) systems: Comparison between cell suspensions and excised tissues.

Enantioselective metabolism of chiral pesticide in plants is very important. In vitro system has become an effective means to study the metabolism of pesticides in plants, but the study on the metabolism of chiral pesticides has not been reported. This work compared the enantiomer metabolic behavior of acephate and its metabolite methamidophos between tea cell suspensions and excised tea stem with leaves.

Enantioselective metabolism of phenylpyrazole insecticides by rat liver microsomal CYP3A1, CYP2E1 and CYP2D2.

The stereoselective difference of chiral pesticide enantiomers is an important factor of risk evaluation and the subject has received wide attention. In the present work, enantioselective metabolism of chiral phenylpyrazole insecticides including fipronil, ethiprole and flufiprole in rat liver microsomes was investigated in vitro. The result showed remarkable enantioselectivity for fipronil and ethiprole with the EF values of 0.

Enantioselective disposition and metabolic products of isofenphos-methyl in rats and the hepatotoxic effects.

Isofenphos-methyl (IFP), a chiral organophosphorus pesticide, is one of the main chemicals used to control underground insects and nematodes. Recently, the use of IFP on vegetables and fruits has been prohibited due to its high toxicity. In this study, we investigated the enantioselective distribution and metabolism of IFP and its metabolites, namely, isofenphos-methyl oxon (IFPO) and isocarbophos oxon (ICPO), in male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats.

Stereoselective uptake and metabolism of prothioconazole caused oxidative stress in zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Prothioconazole (PTA) is a novel, broad-spectrum, chiral triazole fungicide that is mainly used to prevent and control the disease of cereal crops. However, the adverse effects of PTA and its major metabolite on nontarget organisms have aroused wide concern. In the present work, the acute toxic of the metabolite prothioconazole-desthio (PTA-desthio), with an LC of 1.

Enantioselective Detection, Bioactivity, and Metabolism of the Novel Chiral Insecticide Fluralaner.

Fluralaner, a veterinary drug, is a potential chiral isoxazoline insecticide possessing high insecticidal and acaricidal activity. However, there is little information regarding the enantioselective effect of fluralaner. In this work, a promising chiral detection method was established with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in agricultural products and animal organs to investigate enantioselective metabolism and bioactivity.

Enantioselective bioactivity, toxicity, and degradation in different environmental mediums of chiral fungicide epoxiconazole.

To clarify the environmental behaviour and bioactivity of epoxiconazole enantiomers, an integrated assessment has been done. The degradation in soil, water, and river-sediments were studied. The toxicity to Chlorella vulgaris and Daphnia magna was also examined.

Novel Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for Enantioseparation of Tefluthrin via a Box-Behnken Design and Its Stereoselective Degradation in Soil.

A simple and eco-friendly dispersive solid-phase extraction method coupled with ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was developed for the determination of the chiral pesticide tefluthrin in food and environmental samples. The response surface methodology was applied to optimize separation conditions. The elution order of tefluthrin enantiomers was --(1,3)-(-)-tefluthrin and --(1,3)-(+)-tefluthrin on a Lux Cellulose-1 chiral column was identified via a polarimeter and vibrating circular dichroism.

Stereoselective bioactivity of the chiral triazole fungicide prothioconazole and its metabolite.

Chiral triazole fungicides have played a significant role in plant pathogen control. Although their enantiomers often exhibit different bioactivity, the mechanism of the stereoselectivity has not been well studied. The stereoselective bioactivity and mechanisms of prothioconazole and its chiral metabolite against plant pathogenic fungi were investigated.

Stereoselective bioactivity, toxicity and degradation of the chiral triazole fungicide bitertanol.

Background: The chiral pesticide bitertanol has been widely used in the prevention and treatment of fungal diseases on many crops. However, research on bitertanol at the stereoisomer level has not been reported. Here, we study the stereoselective bioactivity, toxicity, and degradation of this pesticide under laboratory and field conditions.

Stereoselective endocrine-disrupting effects of the chiral triazole fungicide prothioconazole and its chiral metabolite.

The wide use of chiral fungicides has generated interest in the stereoselectivity of their ecotoxicological effects. However, there are few studies about the potential endocrine-disrupting effects (EDEs) of chiral fungicides. This study evaluated the hormone receptor activities of the chiral triazole fungicide prothioconazole and its metabolite using reporter gene assays.

A potential biomarker of isofenphos-methyl in humans: A chiral view.

Isofenphos-methyl (IFP) is a very active and persistent chiral insecticide. However, IFP has lower activity against acetylcholinesterases (AChEs). Previously, it was confirmed that phosphorothioate organophosphorus pesticides with N-alkyl (POPN) require activation by oxidative desulfuration and N-dealkylation.

Enantioselective metabolism of four chiral triazole fungicides in rat liver microsomes.

Triazole fungicides with one or two chiral centers are widely used worldwide. The liver microsomes plays a major role in the metabolism and systemic elimination of chiral pesticides after exposure. In this present work, enantioselective metabolism of four representative chiral triazole fungicides (prothioconazole, flutriafol, triticonazole, and epoxiconazole) in rat liver microsomes (RLM) was investigated using LC-MS/MS.