Dietary protein intake and body composition, sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity: A prospective population-based study.

Background&aims: Obesity and sarcopenia are major health concerns, particularly among older populations. Dietary protein may help preserve muscle mass and function, but high-protein diets, especially from animal sources, may also increase adipose mass. We investigated associations of total, animal, and plant protein intake with body composition trajectories, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity.

Ultra-processed Foods and Diet Quality in Association With Long-term Weight Change and Progression to Type 2 Diabetes Among Individuals With a History of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus-A Prospective Study.

Objective: We examined the associations of overall and group-specific ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption with long-term weight change and type 2 diabetes (T2D) progression following gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)-complicated pregnancies.

Research Design And Methods: We included 4,207 women with a history of GDM from the Nurses' Health Study II (1991-2021). UPF intake (servings/day) was assessed via food frequency questionnaires every 4 years and quantified per the NOVA classification.

Long-Term Adherence to Modifiable Factors and Incident Cardiovascular Disease Among Women With a History of Gestational Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Women with prior gestational diabetes are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), but whether and to what extent this risk is modifiable is unknown.

Methods: NHSII (Nurses' Health Study II) participants (N=4355), who reported a gestational diabetes diagnosis between 1989 and 2001 and were free of type 2 diabetes, CVD, and cancer at baseline were included. Incident CVD included nonfatal myocardial infarction, fatal coronary heart disease, nonfatal/fatal stroke, angiographically confirmed angina, and coronary revascularizations.

Associations of a healthy beverage pattern with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among US adults: a nationwide cohort study.

Background: Not all beverage items are necessarily beneficial for health, but the potential impact of an overall beverage pattern on health remains unknown. We aimed to examine associations of adherence to an overall healthy beverage pattern with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a prospective cohort of US populations.

Methods: We included 8,894 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2001-2019), a nationally representative cohort of US populations.

Association of Life's Essential 8 with risk of incident cardiovascular disease and mortality among adults with chronic kidney disease.

Background: The American Heart Association recently released an updated algorithm for evaluating cardiovascular health (CVH), Life's Essential 8 (LE8). However, few studies have examined the association of LE8 with risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality among individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We investigated whether LE8 was associated with subsequent risk of CVD and mortality in the Chinese population of adults with CKD.

Monounsaturated fatty acids from plant or animal sources and risk of type 2 diabetes in three large prospective cohorts of men and women.

Aims/hypothesis: Existing evidence on the relationship between intake of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and type 2 diabetes is conflicting. Few studies have examined whether MUFAs from plant or animal sources (MUFA-Ps and MUFA-As, respectively) exhibit differential associations with type 2 diabetes. We examined associations of intakes of total MUFAs, MUFA-Ps and MUFA-As with type 2 diabetes risk.

Life's Essential 8 in Relation to Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality in Individuals With Diabetes.

Background: Evidence regarding the potential health effects of Life's Essential 8 (LE8) score among individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is limited.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of LE8 score with risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality among individuals with T2D.

Methods: We prospectively followed 19,915 Chinese participants with T2D at baseline or diagnosed during follow-up (Kailuan Study: 2006-2020), who were free of CVD at diagnosis of diabetes.

Ultraprocessed foods, unprocessed or minimally processed foods, and risk of frailty in a cohort of United States females.

Background: Ultraprocessed foods (UPFs) and poor diet quality have been associated with frailty but existing studies had relatively short follow-up time. It is also unclear whether the association of UPF was primarily due to its correlation with poorer diet quality.

Objectives: We examined the association between unprocessed or minimally processed foods (UMFs) and UPF and risk of frailty and explored whether the association with UPF was mainly driven by poor diet quality.

Changes in Life's Essential 8 and risk of cardiovascular disease in Chinese people.

Background: The American Heart Association recently released an updated algorithm for evaluating cardiovascular health-Life's Essential 8 (LE8). However, the associations between changes in LE8 score over time and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) remain unclear.

Methods: We investigated associations between 6-year changes (2006-12) in LE8 score and risk of subsequent CVD events (2012-20) among 53 363 Chinese men and women from the Kailuan Study, who were free from CVD in 2012.

The serum soluble ASGR1 concentration is elevated in patients with coronary artery disease and is associated with inflammatory markers.

Background And Aims: Current research has suggested that asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 (ASGR1) is involved in cholesterol metabolism and is also related to systemic inflammation. This study aimed to assess the correlation between the serum soluble ASGR1 (sASGR1) concentration and inflammatory marker levels. Moreover, the second objective of the study was to assess the association between sASGR1 levels and the presence of coronary artery disease (CAD).

Study on the correlation between iris blood flow, iris thickness and pupil diameter in the resting state and after pharmacological mydriasis in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Background: To investigate whether iris blood flow and iris thickness at the iris smooth muscle region affect the pupil diameter at rest and after drug-induced mydriasis in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: T1DM patients and healthy children were recruited from the SCADE cohort. T2DM patients and healthy adults were recruited from patients undergoing cataract surgery at Shanghai General Hospital.

Unique composition of ocular surface microbiome in the old patients with dry eye and diabetes mellitus in a community from Shanghai, China.

Background: This study investigates the variations in microbiome abundance and diversity on the ocular surfaces of diabetic patients suffering from dry eye within a community setting. The goal is to offer theoretical insights for the community-level prevention and treatment of dry eye in diabetic cohorts.

Methods: Dry eye screening was performed in the Shanghai Cohort Study of Diabetic Eye Disease (SCODE) from July 15, 2021, to August 15, 2021, in the Xingjing community; this study included both a population with diabetes and a normal population.

A bibliometric analysis of PCSK9 inhibitors from 2007 to 2022.

Background: Since the approval of the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) monoclonal antibodies for marketing in 2015, PCSK9 inhibitors have attracted significant interest in the field of cardiovascular endocrinology. A large number of clinical trials have confirmed the efficacy and safety of PCSK9 inhibitors in reducing cholesterol and the risk of cardiovascular events. No bibliometric analysis of PCSK9 inhibitors has been performed as of yet.

Impact of Epicardial Adipose Tissue on Right Cardiac Function and Prognosis in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.

Background: Although epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is linked to effects on survival in left-sided heart failure, the association between EAT and right-sided heart failure caused by pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remains unknown.

Research Question: What are the potential impacts of EAT volume (EATV) on right ventricular function, biomarkers of myocardial injury, and long-term prognosis in patients with PAH?

Study Design And Methods: A total of 135 age- and BMI-matched patients with PAH and 49 control participants were included in this study. EATV was quantified by using cardiac magnetic resonance and was related to clinical correlates, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, and cardiac function.

Metagenomic analysis of microbiological changes on the ocular surface of diabetic children and adolescents with a dry eye.

Background: Microbiome changes on the ocular surface may cause dry eyes. A metagenome assay was used to compare the microbiome composition and function of the ocular surface between diabetic children and adolescents with dry eye, diabetic children and adolescents without dry eye, and normal children.

Materials And Methods: Twenty children and adolescents aged 8 to 16 with diabetes were selected from the Shanghai Children and Adolescent Diabetes Eye Study.

Association of circulating vitamin D and omega 3 fatty acid with all-cause mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A large population-based cohort study.

Objectives: To assess the associations of both the level of circulating vitamin D and the ratio of omega-3 fatty acids to total fatty acids (omega-3 %) with mortality among participants with rheumatoid arthritis.

Study Design: This study included 4,293 and 1,157 adults with rheumatoid arthritis identified by self-report from the UK Biobank for the analysis of vitamin D and omega-3 %, respectively.

Main Outcome Measures: Death outcomes were obtained from the National Health Service Information Centre (England and Wales) and the National Health Service Central Register Scotland (Scotland).

Discrepancies in Vessel Density and Blood Flow Distribution in Different Areas of the Iris among Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Adult Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus may compromise the vasculature of the iris, thereby leading to severe vision-threatening complications. This study aimed to investigate differences in iris blood flow indices between pediatric type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients and adult type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study.

Dietary fruits and vegetables and risk of cardiovascular diseases in elderly Chinese.

Background: Evidence regarding the potential effect of fruit and vegetable consumption on cardiovascular diseases (CVD) was limited and inconsistent among Asian people.

Methods: We prospectively examined associations of fruit and vegetable consumption with the risk of CVD among 9740 participants aged 65 years and older (mean baseline age: 88 years) in the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) (2008-2018). Dietary data were collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire.

Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Three Large Prospective U.S. Cohort Studies.

Objective: We examined the relationship between ultra-processed food (UPF) intake and type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk among 3 large U.S. cohorts, conducted a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies, and assessed meta-evidence quality.

Dietary phytoestrogens and total and cause-specific mortality: results from 2 prospective cohort studies.

Background: Evidence regarding dietary phytoestrogens in relation to mortality remains limited.

Objectives: The objective of the study is to examine the associations of intake of isoflavones, lignans, and coumarins with total and cause-specific mortality in US males and females.

Methods: We followed 75,981 females in the Nurses' Health Study (1984-2018) and 44,001 males in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986-2018), who were free of cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, or cancer at baseline.

Significantly different results in the ocular surface microbiome detected by tear paper and conjunctival swab.

Background: Great variation has been observed in the composition of the normal microbiota of the ocular surface, and therefore, in addition to differences in detection techniques, the method of collecting ocular surface specimens has a significant impact on the test results.The goal of this study is to ascertain whether the eye surface microbial communities detected by two different sampling methods are consistent and hence explore the feasibility of using tear test paper instead of conjunctival swabs to collect eye surface samples for microbial investigation.

Materials And Methods: From July 15, 2021, to July 30, 2021, nonirritating tear test strips and conjunctival swabs of both eyes were used in 158 elderly people (> 60 years old) (79 diabetic and 79 nondiabetic adults) in Xinjing Community for high-throughput sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene.