Target volume delineation of the neck for radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: CSTRO, CACA, CSCO, HNCIG, ESTRO, and ASTRO guidelines and contouring atlas.

The Chinese Society for Therapeutic Radiology Oncology, the Chinese Anti-Cancer Association, the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology, the Head and Neck Cancer International Group, the European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology, and the American Society for Radiation Oncology collaboratively developed evidence-based guidelines and a comprehensive contouring atlas for neck target volume delineation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. These guidelines address five key challenges in modern radiotherapy practice: margin design of clinical target volume; nodal target volume delineation after induction chemotherapy; delineation of equivocal nodes evident on imaging; low-risk clinical target volume delineation based on regional stepwise extension patterns; and modifications for anatomical boundaries of lymphatic areas. Developed through a rigorous systematic review and expert appraisal process by a panel of 50 international, multidisciplinary members from 17 countries and regions, these guidelines incorporate the latest advances in nasopharyngeal carcinoma diagnosis and treatment.

Primary target volume delineation for radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: CSTRO, CACA, CSCO, HNCIG, ESTRO, and ASTRO guidelines and contouring atlas.

The Chinese Society for Therapeutic Radiology Oncology, the Chinese Anti-Cancer Association, the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology, Head and Neck Cancer International Group, the European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology, and the American Society for Radiation Oncology jointly developed evidence-based guidelines and a contouring atlas for primary target volume delineation for radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The guidelines systematically address three crucial challenges: margin design of clinical target volumes; target volume delineation after induction chemotherapy; and low-risk clinical target volume delineation based on local stepwise extension patterns. Based on a comprehensive systematic review and critical appraisal by an international multidisciplinary panel of 50 nasopharyngeal carcinoma specialists from 17 countries and regions, these guidelines are in keeping with advances in nasopharyngeal carcinoma diagnosis and treatment, embodying contemporary treatment concepts, and elaborating on the differences in practice.

Treatment response-adapted risk index model for survival prediction and adjuvant chemotherapy selection in nonmetastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Dynamic response to therapy is strongly associated with cancer outcomes. We aim to develop the response-adapted individualized risk index (RAIRI) as an individual prognostic approach and predictive biomarker for adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) benefit in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) based on pretreatment clinical characteristics, longitudinal cell-free Epstein-Barr virus DNA, and MRI-based tumor regression measurements collected during treatment. Using Bayesian joint model, we developed and validated RAIRI, a dynamic and multidimensional model, with 2148 patients in training, internal validation, external validation, and RCT cohorts (ClinicalTrials.

MRI-based Middle Neck Involvement in Stage N1-N2 Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Marker for Risk Stratification.

Background The prognostic implications of middle neck involvement, defined as cervical lymph node metastasis between the caudal border of the hyoid bone and the cricoid cartilage, remain unclear in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Purpose To investigate the prognostic significance of middle neck involvement in patients with N1 or N2 NPC. Materials and Methods This retrospective analysis included patients with N1 or N2 NPC without distant metastasis treated between April 2009 and December 2017.

Toripalimab Combination Therapy Without Concurrent Cisplatin for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: The DIAMOND Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: With the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade toripalimab, omitting highly toxic concurrent cisplatin may be feasible for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) without compromising survival.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of toripalimab incorporated into induction chemotherapy and radiotherapy, without concurrent cisplatin, for locoregionally advanced NPC.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Open-label, multicenter, randomized phase 3 clinical trial conducted from August 2021 to July 2022 at 13 hospitals in China, enrolling 532 patients with T4N1M0 or T1-4N2-3M0 NPC; 400 (75.

Multiple laser parametric study of fiber-laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy.

An integrated investigation of pulse energy (0-0.8 mJ), pulse width (2-500 ns), and repetition rate (1 Hz-4 MHz) was carried out on laser-induced breakdown spectrometry (LIBS). An increase in pulse energy led to a significant signal elevation, yet its speed slowed down at a longer pulse width, which helps to lessen the electron density and ablation threshold.

Aloin protects against UVB-induced apoptosis by modulating integrated signaling pathways.

Aloin, an anthraquinone compound, is naturally abundant in the . This study comprehensively investigates the photoprotective effects of aloin against UVB-induced damage in HaCaT cells, elucidating its antioxidant capacity and its role in preventing cellular apoptosis. Aloin demonstrated significant antioxidant activity in ABTS and DPPH assays, with a dose-dependent reduction in intracellular reactive oxygen species levels as evidenced by fluorescence analysis.

Association of anti-PD-1 therapy with severe radiation-induced oral mucositis: A retrospective cohort study and validation in the CONTINUUM trial.

Background: The association of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with radiation-induced oral mucositis (RIOM), a common and debilitating complication that affects the treatment tolerance of head and neck cancer patients, remains unclear.

Methods: In this multicenter retrospective cohort study, 840 eligible patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) were included, with propensity score matching (PSM) creating two comparison groups based on the receipt of anti-programmed cell death 1 (anti-PD-1) therapy. Additionally, individual patient data from 197 NPC patients in the CONTINUUM trial (NCT03700476) were used for validation.

Unveiling Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Systemic Sclerosis and Lupus Erythematosus Through Transcriptomic Profiling.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the molecular differences and commonalities between systemic sclerosis (SSc) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by analyzing RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data. By focusing on differentially expressed genes and enriched pathways, the investigation seeks to identify unique biomarkers, shared pathways, and potential therapeutic targets for these autoimmune diseases.

Methods: This study involved 10 patients with SSc and 24 with SLE who did not receive immunosuppressants.

Immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and diabetic ketoacidosis: a case report and literature review.

Background: Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is an uncommon and life-threatening disorder caused by a deficiency of ADAMTS-13, and eventually leads to microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, severe thrombocytopenia, and organ damages. Acute TTP events could be triggered by infections, or inflammations in the context of ADAMTS-13 deficiency. Recently, several case reports have indicated an association between diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and TTP.

Unveiling the immune and vitamin profiles of blood: the potential biomarkers for alopecia areata.

Background: Alopecia areata is a hair follicle disorder characterized by the development of multiple circular bald patches on the scalp, often accompanied by elevated cytokine production and immune cell infiltration around hair follicles. Our aspiration is to explore whether blood analysis can reveal additional factors that contribute to the disparities between individuals with alopecia areata and those who are healthy. Such research could potentially establish a robust foundation for the advancement of future therapeutic strategies.

Inhibition of Tyrosinase and Melanogenesis by Carboxylic Acids: Mechanistic Insights and Safety Evaluation.

It is well established that certain carboxylic acid compounds can effectively inhibit tyrosinase activity. This study investigated the mechanisms by which four carboxylic acid compounds-3-phenyllactic acid, lactic acid, L-pyroglutamic acid, and malic acid-inhibit tyrosinase and melanogenesis. IC values for mushroom tyrosinase inhibition ranged from 3.

Inverted internal limiting membrane flap and scleral buckling for retinal detachment with macular hole.

Background: To evaluate anatomical and functional outcomes after vitrectomy with inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique combined with scleral buckling for eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and a coexisting macular hole.

Methods: Eleven consecutive patients of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with a coexisting macular hole who underwent vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane flap technique combined with scleral buckling surgery between September 2014 and September 2023 were evaluated retrospectively. The main outcome measurements were the retinal reattachment rate, macular hole closure rate, and final postoperative best-corrected visual acuity.

Adjuvant PD-1 Blockade With Camrelizumab for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: The DIPPER Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Approximately 20% to 30% of patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) experience disease relapse despite definitive chemoradiotherapy. The programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) blockade camrelizumab has demonstrated considerable value in recurrent or metastatic NPC, while its role in locoregionally advanced NPC is unclear.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of adjuvant camrelizumab for patients with locoregionally advanced NPC.

Antioxidant and Photoprotective Activities of 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic Acid and (+)-Catechin, Identified from Extract, in UVB-Irradiated HaCaT Cells.

In traditional Chinese medicine, the root bark and leaves of are utilized to treat dysentery, parasitic infections, and digestive disorders. In this study, the n-butanol extract of (NBA) exhibited potent antioxidant properties, protecting HaCaT cells from UVB-induced damage, and was abundant in phenolic and flavonoid compounds. Using UPLC-QTOF-MS analysis, several antioxidants within NBA were identified.

Reduced-volume radiotherapy versus conventional-volume radiotherapy after induction chemotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: An open-label, noninferiority, multicenter, randomized phase 3 trial.

Background: Nearly 90% locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LANPC) responds to induction chemotherapy (IC) with significant tumor volume shrinkage. Radiotherapy always follows IC, and reduced volume has been proposed. However, the efficacy and safety of reduced-volume radiotherapy is uncertain.

Anti-programmed death-1 inhibitors and nimotuzumab in combination with induction chemotherapy for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a propensity score-matched analysis.

Background: The poor prognosis of locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LANPC) due to the high incidence of metastasis necessitates effective treatment strategies. Synergistic effects have been observed when anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors are combined with chemotherapy or targeted therapy.

Objectives: To compare the efficacy and safety of induction chemotherapy in combination with nimotuzumab with or without anti-PD-1 inhibitors for LANPC.

Geometrical Features of Subbasal Corneal Whorl-like Nerve Patterns in Dry Eye Disease: An In Vivo Confocal Microscopy Study.

Purpose: To investigate the geometrical feature of the whorl-like corneal nerve in dry eye disease (DED) across different severity levels and subtypes and preliminarily explore its diagnostic ability.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Participants: The study included 29 healthy subjects (51 eyes) and 62 DED patients (95 eyes).

Bamboo vinegar powder: Unveiling its antioxidant and antifungal efficacy through bioactive compound analysis and mechanistic insights.

Bamboo vinegar has been applied in livestock and fisheries as food additives. In this study, the antioxidant and antifungal properties of bamboo vinegar powder extract (BVPE) and its bioactive compounds were explored. BVPE exhibited significant free radical scavenging activity against DPPH and ABTS radicals, along with notable antifungal effects against Aspergillus terreus and Paecilomyces variotii.

Utilization of edible poultry slaughter residues: A chicken-liver hydrolysate with glucose-lowering ability and upregulating glycogenesis in type II diabetes.

Approximately 10,000 metric tons of broiler livers are yielded every year in Taiwan. However, due to unpleasant odor and health concern, these livers are typically discarded as waste in the slaughtering stream in most developed or developed countries. In alignment with global agrocycle policies, a biofunctional chicken-liver hydrolysate (CLH) has been developed.

A radiogenomic clinical decision support system to inform individualized treatment in advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Both concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) and induction chemotherapy (ICT) followed by CCRT are standard care of advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, tailoring personalized treatment is lacking. Herein, we established a radiogenomic clinical decision support system to classify patients into three subgroups according to their predicted disease-free survival (DFS) with CCRT and ICT response.

Longitudinal on-treatment circulating tumor DNA as a biomarker for real-time dynamic risk monitoring in cancer patients: The EP-SEASON study.

Recurrence risks of cancer patient can change during treatment as a result of treatment-related tumor evolution. However, biomarkers that can monitor these changes are lacking. Here, we investigated whether tracking circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) dynamics through liquid biopsy can inform real-time recurrence risk.

Cellular structural and functional imaging of donor and pathological corneas with label-free dual-mode full-field optical coherence tomography.

In this study, a dual-mode full-field optical coherence tomography (FFOCT) was customized for label-free static and dynamic imaging of corneal tissues, including donor grafts and pathological specimens. Static images effectively depict relatively stable structures such as stroma, scar, and nerve fibers, while dynamic images highlight cells with active intracellular metabolism, specifically for corneal epithelial cells. The dual-mode images complementarily demonstrate the 3D microstructural features of the cornea and limbus.