Deep learning-based automated diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea and sleep stage classification in children using millimeter-wave radar and pulse oximeter.

Study Objectives: Due to the high cost, complexity, and workload of polysomnography, a radar-based sleep monitoring device, QSA600, has been developed as a more simplified alternative for children. This study evaluates its agreement with polysomnography for obstructive sleep apnea diagnosis and sleep staging.

Methods: This diagnostic accuracy study included 281 children (1-18 years) who underwent simultaneous polysomnography and QSA600 monitoring at Beijing Children's Hospital from September-November 2023.

Single-cell transcriptional profiling reveals PAX5-mediated naïve B cell differentiation defect in severe adenoid hypertrophy.

Background: Adenoid hypertrophy significantly impacts pediatric upper airway function, but its molecular mechanisms remain elusive. This study characterizes the cellular landscape in adenoid hypertrophy using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq).

Methods: Adenoid tissue samples were obtained from pediatric patients diagnosed with either severe hypertrophic adenoids (SHA) and mild to moderate hypertrophic adenoids (MHA).

Bionic Nanostructures Create Mechanical Signals to Mediate the Composite Structural Bone Regeneration Through Multi-System Regulation.

Regenerating bone defects has long been recognized as a significant clinical challenge. Drawing inspiration from the structure and properties of natural bone, bionic nanomaterials have emerged as a focal point in the field of bone tissue engineering. Unlike traditional scaffold materials, these advanced nanomaterials offer a remarkable capacity to replicate the intricate microenvironment of the stem cell niche.

The Protective Role of Leptin in Neurological Damage Induced by Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia.

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA), characterized by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), is linked to cognitive impairment and neuronal damage. Leptin, a peptide hormone involved in energy metabolism, has shown neuroprotective effects in various neurological disorders, yet its role in CIH-induced cognitive impairment remains unclear. This study used a CIH mouse model to investigate the effects of leptin on cognitive function and neuronal damage, with a particular focus on Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) as a potential molecular mediator.

Development and validation of identification algorithms for five autoimmune diseases using electronic health records: a retrospective cohort study in China.

Objective: This study aims to assess the identification algorithms for five autoimmune diseases-Hashimoto's thyroiditis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and type 1 diabetes (T1D)-using the Yinzhou Regional Health Information Platform (YRHIP) in China.

Methods: Diagnostic data was extracted from YRHIP's population registry (2010-2021), combining ICD-10 codes and Chinese medical terminology from outpatient, inpatient, and discharge records. Algorithms were validated through chart reviews, adhering to global clinical guidelines.

Chronic intermittent hypoxia alleviates alcohol-related liver injury via downregulation of hepatic hypoxia-inducible factor-2α.

Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) is one of the leading causes of alcohol-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Unfortunately, limited therapeutic options are currently available, due to the complex risk factors involved as well as the lack of information on the molecular mechanisms driving its progression. Interestingly, chronic, excessive alcohol intake has been reported to exacerbate the severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a respiratory disorder typically characterized by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH).

Cardiopulmonary coupling estimated sleep quality and memory in children with obstructive sleep-disordered breathing.

Objective: To investigate the association between sleep quality/stability and memory in children with sleep-disordered breathing.

Methods: Children aged 5-12 years with suspected sleep-disordered breathing who visited the Sleep Center of Beijing Children's Hospital, from June 2022 to March 2023 were enrolled. All patients underwent polysomnography (PSG) and cardiopulmonary coupling monitoring (CPC) analysis based on the photoplethysmogram, and memory tests (immediate and delayed recognition and recall) before sleep and after sleep, respectively.

Impact of Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia on Cognitive Function and Hippocampal Neurons in Mice: A Study of Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Pathways.

Purpose: Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) is considered one of the main pathophysiological mechanisms of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). CIH can further lead to cognitive dysfunction by inducing processes such as neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. The hippocampus is primarily associated with cognitive functions such as learning and memory.

Impaired Attention in Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Preliminary Study of Behavior Combined with Neuroelectrophysiology.

Objective: To investigate how attention is affected in children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) using the attention network test (ANT) combined with event-related potential (ERP) and time-frequency analysis.

Methods: Eighty-seven children aged 6-11 years with symptoms of snoring or mouth breathing during sleep were recruited from the Sleep Center of Beijing Children's Hospital from May to July, 2023. All participants completed the Mini-mental State Examination and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder rating scale.

AFSleepNet: Attention-Based Multi-View Feature Fusion Framework for Pediatric Sleep Staging.

The widespread prevalence of sleep problems in children highlights the importance of timely and accurate sleep staging in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric sleep disorders. However, most existing sleep staging methods rely on one-dimensional raw polysomnograms or two-dimensional spectrograms, which omit critical details due to single-view processing. This shortcoming is particularly apparent in pediatric sleep staging, where the lack of a specialized network fails to meet the needs of precision medicine.

Exploratory Study of Relationship Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome and Growth Hormones and Inflammatory Factors in Children.

In children, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with growth hormone level abnormalities and chronic systemic inflammation. This study was performed to investigate the relationship of the degree of OSA with insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and inflammatory cytokines in pediatric OSA and the inter-relationship between inflammatory cytokines and growth hormones. Children with OSA and controls without OSA participated in the study.

Quantitative Proteomics Analysis of Serum and Urine With DIA Mass Spectrometry Reveals Biomarkers for Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Objectives: Identification of suitable biomarkers that facilitate the screening and evaluation of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and its severity was explored.

Methods: Data-independent acquisition quantitative proteomic analysis was employed to identify serum and urine proteins with differential expression patterns between children with OSA and controls. Differentially expressed proteins that gradually increased or decreased with the severity of OSA were retained as potential biomarkers and underwent ELISA validation.

Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside alleviates ethanol-induced liver injury by promoting mitophagy in a Gao-binge mouse model of alcohol-associated liver disease.

Background: Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a leading cause of liver disease-related deaths worldwide. Unfortunately, approved medications for the treatment of this condition are quite limited. One promising candidate is the anthocyanin, Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G), which has been reported to protect mice against hepatic lipid accumulation, as well as fibrosis in different animal models.

Passive Self-Sustained Thermoelectric Devices Powering the 24 h Wireless Transmission via Radiation-Cooling and Selective Photothermal Conversion.

The rapid development of the Internet of Things has triggered a huge demand for self-sustained technology that can provide a continuous electricity supply for low-power electronics. Here, a self-sustained power supply solution is demonstrated that can produce a 24 h continuous and unipolar electricity output based on thermoelectric devices by harvesting the environmental temperature difference, which is ingeniously established utilizing radiation cooling and selective photothermal conversion. The developed prototype system can stably maintain a large temperature difference of about 1.

Characteristics of ADHD Symptoms and EEG Theta/Beta Ratio in Children With Sleep Disordered Breathing.

This study aimed to explore parent-reported symptoms of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) theta/beta ratio (TBR) characteristics in children with sleep disordered breathing (SDB). The parents of children (aged 6-11 years) with SDB (n = 103) and healthy controls (n = 28) completed the SNAP-IV questionnaire, and children underwent overnight polysomnography. Children with SDB were grouped according to obstructive apnea/hypopnea index: primary snoring, mild, and moderate-severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) groups.

Identification of novel biomarkers in obstructive sleep apnea integrated bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a complex and multi-gene inherited disease caused by both genetic and environmental factors. However, due to the high cost of diagnosis and complex operation, its clinical application is limited. This study aims to explore potential target genes associated with OSA and establish a corresponding diagnostic model.

Impaired declarative memory consolidation in children with REM sleep-related obstructive sleep apnea.

Study Objectives: We explored whether declarative memory consolidation is impaired in children with rapid eye movement sleep-related obstructive sleep apnea (REM-OSA) and investigated the correlation between memory consolidation and sleep-related respiratory parameters.

Methods: Participants were children with habitual snoring aged 6-14 years and control children. Participants underwent polysomnography and declarative memory testing.

Characteristics of the Attentional Network in Children with Sleep-Disordered Breathing.

Purpose: To explore the characteristics of the attentional network and related factors in children with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB).

Patients And Methods: A total 228 children (200 children aged 6-10 years with snoring or mouth breathing, admitted to our hospital from May 2020 to July 2022, and 28 healthy children recruited from the community as the control group) were enrolled. All participants underwent polysomnography (PSG) and completed the ADHD rating scale and child version of the Attention Network Test.

The hepatic GABAergic system promotes liver macrophage M2 polarization and mediates HBV replication in mice.

Macrophages display functional phenotypic plasticity. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection induces polarizations of liver macrophages either to M1-like pro-inflammatory phenotype or to M2-like anti-inflammatory phenotype. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) signaling exists in various non-neuronal cells including hepatocytes and some immune cells.

A postsurgical prognostic nomogram for patients with lymph node positive rectosigmoid junction adenocarcinoma.

Objective: The definition of rectosigmoid junction (RSJ) is still in debate. The treatment and prognosis of patients with rectosigmoid junction cancer (RSJC) and positive lymph nodes (PLN-RSJCs) are mostly based on the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system. Our study aims to assist clinicians in creating a more intuitive and accurate nomogram model for PLN-RSJCs for the prediction of patient overall survival (OS) after surgery.

Hypoxia Induces Tumor-Derived Exosome SNHG16 to Mediate Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Progression through the miR-23b-5p/MCM6 Pathway.

This study aims to investigate the mechanism of tumor-derived exosomal (EVs) SNHG16 in promoting the progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). QRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of SNHG16, miR-23b-5p and MCM6 in NPC. MTT, flow cytometry and transwell were used to detect the effects of them on the proliferation, cycle, apoptosis and invasion ability of NPC.

Lung transplantation in a woman with paraquat poisoning that led to pulmonary fibrosis-Widely reported by the media: A case report.

Rationale: Paraquat is an extremely toxic herbicide with a high mortality rate on poisoning. It can damage vital organs, such as the lungs, liver, heart, and kidneys. In this study, we report a case of pulmonary fibrosis after paraquat poisoning in a patient who underwent a lung transplant procedure after preoperative administration of corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents and continuous noninvasive ventilation support therapy.

Facial Emotion Recognition Deficit in Children with Moderate/Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Although previous studies have reported a facial expression classification deficit among adults with SDB, we do not know whether these findings can be generalized to children. In our study, children with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) were divided into three groups: primary snoring ( = 51), mild obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) ( = 39), and moderate/severe OSA ( = 26). All participants, including 20 healthy controls, underwent an overnight polysomnography recording and the Emotional Expression Recognition Task.

Overweight/Obese Status Synergistically Worsens Nocturnal Time-to-Time Blood Pressure in Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Objective: To investigate the influence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity and weight on blood pressure (BP) during nighttime sleep in children.

Methods: Habitually snoring children who were 3-14 years old and from Beijing Children's Hospital between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2020 were recruited. All participants completed polysomnography (PSG) and BP monitoring during different sleep stages using pulse transit time analysis.