Branched-Selective Functionalization of 2-Alkyl Aziridines Through Ni-Catalyzed Dynamic Kinetic Activation.

Overriding the inherent substrate-controlled regioselectivity in aziridine activation holds significant potential. It could enable previously inaccessible disconnections from these readily available, strained heterocycles, facilitating the diverse synthesis of nitrogen-containing products. In this study, we present a Ni-catalyzed dynamic kinetic activation of 2-alkyl (and 2,2-dialkyl) aziridines, leading to unconventional branched-selective alkyl Heck-type coupling with styrenes and reductive defluorinative coupling with trifluoromethyl alkenes.

Ecotoxicity of hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] in soil presents predominate threats to agricultural production with the increase of soil Cr contamination.

The relative severity between chromium (Cr)-mediated ecotoxicity and its bioaccumulation has rarely been compared and evaluated. This study employed pot incubation experiments to simulate the soil environment with increased Cr pollution and study their effects on the growth of crops, including pepper, lettuce, wheat, and rice. Results showed that increasing total Cr presented ascendant ecotoxicity in upland soils when pH > 7.

Analysis of spinal muscular atrophy carrier screening results in 32,416 pregnant women and 7,231 prepregnant women.

Objectives: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive disease that is one of the most common in childhood neuromuscular disorders. Our screenings are more meaningful programs in preventing birth defects, providing a significant resource for healthcare professionals, genetic counselors, and policymakers involved in designing strategies to prevent and manage SMA.

Method: We screened 39,647 participants from 2020 to the present by quantitative real-time PCR, including 7,231 pre-pregnancy participants and 32,416 pregnancy participants, to detect the presence of SMN1 gene EX7 and EX8 deletion in the DNA samples provided by the subjects.

Correction: Synergistic effect of polysaccharides and flavonoids on lipid and gut microbiota in hyperlipidemic rats.

Correction for 'Synergistic effect of polysaccharides and flavonoids on lipid and gut microbiota in hyperlipidemic rats' by Yun-fei Bai , , 2023, , 921-933, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2FO03031D.

Which sites better represent the sensory function of hands in convalescent stroke patients? A study based on electrophysiological examination.

Background: Assessing hand sensation in stroke patients is necessary; however, current clinical assessments are time-consuming and inaccurate.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the nature of light touch sensation and two-point discrimination (2-PD) of different hand sites in convalescent stroke patients based on somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP).

Methods: Light touch sensation and 2-PD of the thumb, the index finger, the little finger, thenar, and hypothenar were measured ( = 112) using sensory measurement tools.

Allosteric potentiation of GABA receptor single-channel conductance by netrin-1 during neuronal-excitation-induced inhibitory synaptic homeostasis.

As the principal receptor that mediates both synaptic and tonic inhibition of neurons in the brain, the A-type gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor (GABAR) is functionally important for maintaining the balance between neuronal excitation and inhibition. Here, we report the identification of netrin-1 as an endogenous allosteric modulator of GABARs. Following increased neuronal excitability, netrin-1 is secreted and binds to the extracellular domains of GABAR subunits, thereby inducing homeostatic upscaling of GABAR-mediated synaptic efficacy and currents.

Corrigendum to "Effects of Chicory on Serum Uric Acid, Renal Function, and GLUT9 Expression in Hyperuricaemic Rats with Renal Injury and In Vitro Verification with Cells".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2018/1764212.].

Molecular mechanisms of topiramate and its clinical value in epilepsy.

Topiramate (TPM) is widely used as monotherapy or add-on therapy in adults and children (aged 2 to 16 years) with primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures or focal-onset seizures. TPM has also expanded its treatment spectrum to other seizure types and epileptic encephalopathies. Moreover, TPM has beneficial effects in some comorbidities of epilepsy such as migraine/headache and obesity.

The N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) Methylation Gene Reveals a Potential Diagnostic Role for Gastric Cancer.

Purpose: Gastric cancer (GC) is aggressive cancer with a high mortality rate worldwide. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation is related to tumorigenesis, which is dynamically regulated by m6A modulators ("writer," "eraser," and "reader"). We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the m6A genes of GC patients in TCGA datasets to identify the potential diagnostic biomarkers.

Pathophysiology of and therapeutic options for a GABRA1 variant linked to epileptic encephalopathy.

We report the identification of a de novo GABRA1 (R214C) variant in a child with epileptic encephalopathy (EE), describe its functional characterization and pathophysiology, and evaluate its potential therapeutic options. The GABRA1 (R214C) variant was identified using whole exome sequencing, and the pathogenic effect of this mutation was investigated by comparing wild-type (WT) α1 and R214C α1 GABA receptor-expressing HEK cells. GABA-evoked currents in these cells were recorded using whole-cell, outside-out macro-patch and cell-attached single-channel patch-clamp recordings.

Effects of Chicory on Serum Uric Acid, Renal Function, and GLUT9 Expression in Hyperuricaemic Rats with Renal Injury and Verification with Cells.

Hyperuricaemia (HUA) is an independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease. Urate crystals are deposited in the kidney and can cause renal tubular interstitial fibrosis, leading to renal dysfunction. Chicory extract (hereafter referred to as chicory) clearly reduced serum uric acid levels in rats with HUA induced by 10% fructose.

Dopaminergic precursors differentiated from human blood-derived induced neural stem cells improve symptoms of a mouse Parkinson's disease model.

Autologous neural stem cells (NSCs) may offer a promising source for deriving dopaminergic (DA) cells for treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). By using Sendai virus, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) were reprogrammed to induced NSCs (iNSCs), which were then differentiated to dopaminergic neurons . Whole-genome deep sequencing was performed to search for mutations that had accumulated during the reprogramming and expansion processes.

Activation of galanin receptor 1 inhibits locus coeruleus neurons via GIRK channels.

The noradrenergic neurons of the locus coeruleus (LC) are associated with various brain functions and psychiatric disorders, such as addiction and depression. It has been shown that neuropeptide galanin (GAL) inhibits neuronal excitability in LC, but the mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the ionic and signal transduction mechanisms underlying inhibitory effect of GAL on LC neurons using whole-cell patch clamp recording in rat brain slices.

Downregulation of adult and neonatal Nav1.5 in the dorsal root ganglia and axon of peripheral sensory neurons of rats with spared nerve injury.

Previous studies demonstrated that Nav1.5 splice variants, including Nav1.5a and Nav1.

Multiple Nav1.5 isoforms are functionally expressed in the brain and present distinct expression patterns compared with cardiac Nav1.5.

It has previously been demonstrated that there are various voltage gated sodium channel (Nav) 1.5 splice variants expressed in brain tissue. A total of nine Nav1.

Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy plus high-frequency diathermic therapy followed by intravenous chemotherapy versus intravenous chemotherapy alone for postoperative adjuvant treatment of gastrointestinal cancer: a comparative research study.

Purpose: To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and toxicity of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) plus high-frequency diathermic therapy (HFDT) followed by intravenous chemotherapy vs intravenous chemotherapy alone for adjuvant treatment of postoperative gastrointestinal neoplasms.

Methods: Fifty-two gastrointestinal carcinoma patients who were radically operated were enrolled and divided into the treatment group and the control group. In the treatment group, 25 patients were treated with combination of HIPEC+HFDT and subsequent intravenous chemotherapy, while in the control group 27 patients received intravenous chemotherapy alone.

Heterogeneous water supply affects growth and benefits of clonal integration between co-existing invasive and native Hydrocotyle species.

Spatial patchiness and temporal variability in water availability are common in nature under global climate change, which can remarkably influence adaptive responses of clonal plants, i.e. clonal integration (translocating resources between connected ramets).

Responses from two firing patterns in inferior colliculus neurons to stimulation of the lateral lemniscus dorsal nucleus.

The γ-aminobutyric acid neurons (GABAergic neurons) in the inferior colliculus are classified into various patterns based on their intrinsic electrical properties to a constant current injection. Although this classification is associated with physiological function, the exact role for neurons with various firing patterns in acoustic processing remains poorly understood. In the present study, we analyzed characteristics of inferior colliculus neurons in vitro, and recorded responses to stimulation of the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus using the whole-cell patch clamp technique.

Activation of galanin receptor 2 stimulates large conductance Ca(2+)-dependent K(+) (BK) channels through the IP3 pathway in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells.

The large conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (BK) channels are widely distributed in the brain, and act as intracellular calcium sensors in neurons. They play an important feedback role in controlling Ca(2+) flux and Ca(2+)-dependent processes, including neurotransmitter release and cellular excitability. In this study, the effects of the neuropeptide galanin on BK channels were examined by determining the whole-cell currents and single-channel activities in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells co-expressing GalR2 and the BK alpha subunit.

Association of ADAM33 gene polymorphisms with COPD in the Mongolian population of China.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a respiratory disorder with increasing prevalence and mortality, influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. ADAM33 gene has been found to be associated with asthma, declined lung function and COPD.

Aim: The aim of this study was to find out if SNPs in ADAM33 (V4, T+1, T1, T2, S1, S2, Q-1 and F+1) play any role in genetic susceptibility to COPD in the Mongolian population of China.

microRNA expression profiling of the developing mouse heart.

microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in regulating normal organ physiology and development. Many miRNAs show spatially and temporally restricted expression patterns during embryogenesis and organogenesis. This study aimed to characterize the miRNA profile of the fetal mouse heart at 4 key time-points [embryonic day (E)12.

microRNA expression profiling in fetal single ventricle malformation identified by deep sequencing.

microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key regulators in many biological processes, particularly cardiac growth and development, although the specific miRNA expression profile associated with this process remains to be elucidated. This study aimed to characterize the cellular microRNA profile involved in the development of congenital heart malformation, through the investigation of single ventricle (SV) defects. Comprehensive miRNA profiling in human fetal SV cardiac tissue was performed by deep sequencing.

A novel high-order associative memory system via discrete Taylor series.

This paper proposes a novel high-order associative memory system (AMS) based on the discrete Taylor series (DTS). The mathematical foundation for the new AMS scheme is derived, three training algorithms are proposed, and the convergence of learning is proved. The DTS-AMS thus developed is capable of implementing error-free approximation to multivariable polynomial functions of arbitrary order.