Dietary supplementation with Codonopsis pilosula agro-waste improves yak meat quality by enhancing oxidative stability and balancing energy metabolism efficiency during postmortem.

Although yak meat is increasingly recognized as a high-quality protein source, its sudden postmortem pH drop and susceptibility to oxidative deterioration remain a serious challenge for the meat industry. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with Codonopsis pilosula (C. pilosula) agro-waste on muscle oxidative stability, energy metabolism efficiency and meat quality characteristics during postmortem of yak meat.

Preparation of quercetin microcapsules with bovine serum albumin-arabinoxylan cold-set gels as wall material and its application in beef preservation.

The aim of this study was to develop microencapsulated freshness preservatives loaded with quercetin based on bovine serum albumin (BSA)-arabinoxylan (AX) cold-set gels, which were induced by glucono-δ-lactone (GDL), NaCl, and laccase, and to evaluate their freshness preservation effect on beef. Results showed that the GDL-laccase-NaCl condition achieved the highest quercetin encapsulation rate (88.98 %) and free radical scavenging rate (94.

From By-Products to Promising Bifunctional Food Ingredients: Physicochemical Characterization and Antioxidant and Emulsifying Improvement Evaluation Based on the Synergy of Phenolic Acids, Flavonoids and Tannins with Bovine Liver Hydrolysates.

In recent years, bifunctional ingredients extracted and utilized from waste by-products as raw materials have received significant attention in the food production process. Previous studies have found that bovine livers possess both antioxidant and emulsifying potential; therefore, enhancing these dual properties is a current research focus. In this study, three different types of polyphenols (epigallocatechin gallate [EGCG], gallic acid [GA] and tannin [TA]) provide a reference on how to achieve better complexation of polyphenols with bovine liver hydrolysates (BLHs).

Preparation of bovine liver peptide-flavonoids binary complexes by free radical grafting: Rheological properties, functional effects and spectroscopic studies.

Free radical grafting is a green and fast method for modification of proteins and bioactive peptides. In this study, different flavonoids with flavonol, flavonoid glycoside and flavan-3-ol structures, such as quercetin (QC), rutin (RUT), and catechin (C), which are commonly used in food applications, were used as the research objects, and the binary systems of bioactive bovine liver peptides complexed with the flavonoids were prepared by free radical grafting method. The findings indicated that the affinity of catechin for bovine liver peptides markedly exceeded that of both quercetin and rutin.

Biomechanical analysis of clear aligners for mandibular anterior teeth intrusion and its clinical application in the design of new aligner attachment.

Background: During the process of intruding the mandibular anterior teeth (MAT) with clear aligners (CA), the teeth are susceptible to undesigned buccal and lingual inclinations, leading to complications such as excessive alveolar bone resorption and root exposure that significantly compromise the treatment outcome. Therefore, it is imperative to investigate the underlying causes and develop effective coping strategies.

Methods: We first statistically analyzed the clinical issues, then used FEA to explore their underlying mechanisms to guide the design of attachments in clinical practice.

Collagen peptides alleviate hyperglycemia in mice by modulating insulin resistance, glucose metabolism and gut microbiota.

In vitro studies have demonstrated that collagen peptides (CP) inhibit the activity of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV. However, the relationship between the AMPK-mediated insulin signaling pathway and gut microbiota modulation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) remains underexplored. Current research investigated the hypoglycemic mechanisms associated with CP intervention in a T2DM mouse model induced by a high-fat diet and streptozotocin (STZ).

New insights into the tenderization pattern of yak meat by ROS-ERS: Promotion of ERS-associated apoptosis through feedback regulation of PERK/IRE1/ATF6 and caspase-12 activity.

This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in apoptosis and meat tenderization during postmortem aging. Yak longissimus dorsi muscle was incubated with N-acetylcysteine (NAC), 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) and NAC + 4-PBA, respectively, and stored at 4 °C for 0 h, 12 h, 24 h, 72 h, 120 h and 168 h. The results showed that NAC and 4-PBA treatments significantly reduced ROS content and endoplasmic reticulum stress levels.

Differential regulation of physicochemical properties and myofibrillar protein degradation of yak meat by interactions between reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species during postmortem aging.

Background: This study aimed to explore how interactions between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) affect oxidative properties, nitrosative properties, and myofibrillar protein degradation during postmortem aging of yak meat.

Results: Yak longissimus dorsi was incubated with saline, ROS activator (HO)/inhibitor N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and RNS activator S-Nitrosoglutathione (GSNO)/inhibitor L-NAME hydrochloride (L-NAME) combined treatments at 4 °C for 12, 24, 72, 120, and 168 h. The results indicated that regardless of whether RNS was activated or inhibited, activated ROS played a dominant role in myofibrillar protein degradation by oxidative modification to increase carbonyl content, disulfide bonds, surface hydrophobicity, and dimerized tyrosine while decreasing sulfhydryl content, thereby degrading nebulin, titin, troponin-t and desmin.

Effects of ultrasonic waves of different powers on the physicochemical properties, functional characteristics, and ultrastructure of bovine liver peptides.

In recent years, ultrasound has emerged as a widely used technology for modifying proteins/peptides. In this study, we focused on the intrinsic mechanism of ultrasound-induced modification of bovine liver peptides, which were treated with ultrasound power of 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 W, and their physicochemical and functional properties, as well as ultrastructures, were investigated. The results show that ultrasound mainly affects hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions to change the conformation of proteins and unfolds proteins through a cavitation effect, leading to an increase in biological activity.

Effects of oxidative stress and protein S-nitrosylation interactions on mitochondrial pathway apoptosis and tenderness of yak meat during postmortem aging.

To reveal the interaction of oxidative stress and protein S-nitrosylation on mitochondrial pathway apoptosis and tenderness development in postmortem yak meat. Herein, we selected yak longissimus dorsi muscle as the research object and treated hydrogen peroxide (HO) with S-nitrosoglutathione agent (GSNO) as well as Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) in mixed injections with 0.9 % saline as a control group, followed by incubation at 4 °C for 12, 24, 72, 120 and 168 h.

Effects of Salt Soaking Treatment on the Deodorization of Beef Liver and the Flavor Formation of Beef Liver Steak.

In this study, based on the evaluation of fishy value and sensory evaluation, this study determined that soaking in a 1% salt solution for 60 min had a significant impact on the deodorization of beef liver ( < 0.05). The results showed that salt infiltration promoted the release of fishy substances, improving the edible and processing performance of beef liver.

Effect of additives on sulfur resistance of catalytic filter material during denitrification and synergistic decomposition of 1,2-DCBz.

Modified Mn-Ce/P84 catalytic filter material can be used to achieve high removal efficiency of NO and 1,2-DCBz in bag-filtering dust precipitator synergistic removal of multiple pollutants. However, the presence of SO in the actual industrial flue gas has an adverse impact on the catalytic performance of the catalytic filter material. In this paper, a kind of Mn-Ce catalytic filter material was prepared by the impregnation method, which was modified by Fe, Cu, and Co, respectively.

A 3-D Visualization Technique for Bone Remodeling in a Suture Expansion Mouse Model.

Craniofacial sutures play a crucial role beyond being fibrous joints connecting craniofacial bones; they also serve as the primary niche for calvarial and facial bone growth, housing mesenchymal stem cells and osteoprogenitors. As most craniofacial bones develop through intramembranous ossification, the sutures' marginal regions act as initiation points. Due to this significance, these sutures have become intriguing targets in orthopedic therapies like spring-assisted cranial vault expansion, rapid maxillary expansion, and maxillary protraction.

Development of an automatic sample changer with variable temperature for small-angle neutron scattering at China Spallation Neutron Source.

A small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) instrument at the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) is an operating instrument for studying structures and inhomogeneities with dimensions ranging from 1 to 100 nm. Preparing multiple samples at once and measuring them sequentially is a common approach in SANS experiments to reduce neutron beamline wastes and increase experimental efficiency. We present the development of an automatic sample changer for the SANS instrument, including system design, thermal simulation, optimization analysis, structure design details, and temperature control test results.

DFT study of mercury adsorption on AlO with presence of HCl.

mercury emission control from flue gas is a crucial issue for environment protection. Alumina is an important alkali metal oxide for mercury adsorption in particulate, meanwhile is the potential adsorbent for mercury removal. The cognition on mercury heterogeneous reaction mechanism with alumina in presence of hydrogen chloride is inadequate.

Effecting pattern study of SO on Hg removal over α-MnO in-situ supported magnetic composite.

α-MnO was in-situ supported onto silica coated magnetite nanoparticles (MagS-Mn) to study the adsorption and oxidation of Hg as well as the effecting patterns of SO and O on Hg removal. MagS-Mn showed Hg removal capacity of 1122.6 μg/g at 150 °C with the presence of SO.

Review on recent progress in on-line monitoring technology for atmospheric pollution source emissions in China.

Emissions from mobile sources and stationary sources contribute to atmospheric pollution in China, and its components, which include ultrafine particles (UFPs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and other reactive gases, such as NH and NO, are the most harmful to human health. China has released various regulations and standards to address pollution from mobile and stationary sources. Thus, it is urgent to develop online monitoring technology for atmospheric pollution source emissions.

Dental niche cells directly contribute to tooth reconstitution and morphogenesis.

Mammalian teeth develop from the inductive epithelial-mesenchymal interaction, an important mechanism shared by many organs. The cellular basis for such interaction remains elusive. Here, we generate a dual-fluorescence model to track and analyze dental cells from embryonic to postnatal stages, in which Pitx2 epithelium and Msx1 mesenchyme are sufficient for tooth reconstitution.

Potential Role of Lysine Acetylation in Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia coli.

Antibiotic resistance is increasingly becoming a challenge to public health. The regulation of bacterial metabolism by post-translational modifications (PTMs) has been widely studied. However, the mechanism underlying the regulation of acetylation in bacterial resistance to antibiotics is still unknown.

Hybrid silica material as a mixed-mode sorbent for solid-phase extraction of hydrophobic and hydrophilic illegal additives from food samples.

In the current study, a novel kind of mixed-mode hydrophobic/hydrophilic hybrid silica material has been developed for the solid-phase extraction of hydrophobic and hydrophilic illegal additives from food samples. A hydrophobic hybrid silica material was first prepared by the sol-gel method with tetraethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, and dimethyloctadecyl-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl] ammonium chloride (DTSACl) as precursors. Subsequently, the hydrophobic hybrid silica material was activated by glutaraldehyde, followed by the covalent immobilization of polyethyleneimine (PEI).

Mechanochemical bromination of unburned carbon in fly ash and its mercury removal mechanism: DFT study.

The mechanochemical (MC) brominated fly ash is a cost-effective mercury removal adsorbent, in which unburned carbon (UBC) plays an important role. The MC bromination mechanism of UBC and its mercury removal mechanism were completely studied through the density functional theory (DFT) method. Various defects on zigzag and armchair edge models were constructed at the micro-scale to simulate the MC effect on UBC at the macro-scale.

Mechanism study of mechanochemical bromination on fly ash mercury removal adsorbent.

Current approaches for Mechanochemical bromination (MCB) modified fly ash have been focusing on the efficiency and mechanism of mercury removal, but the MCB activation mechanism is still not clear. Selecting activated carbon (AC), hematite (He), anatase (An), and mullite (Mu) to simulate four main fly ash components, and the above samples were MCB modified by omni-directional planetary ball mill with NaBr crystal as modifier. Based on the physicochemical properties and mercury removal ability of each pure component before and after modification, the activation mechanism of MCB was obtained.

Vitamin C alleviates the senescence of periodontal ligament stem cells through inhibition of Notch3 during long-term culture.

Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), as potential "seed cells" for periodontal tissue repair and regeneration, require to be expanded in vitro for a large scale. Senescence of PDLSCs occurred during long-term culture may compromise the therapeutic effects of PDLSCs. Medium supplements may be useful in antisenescence.

Therapeutic potential of HERS spheroids in tooth regeneration.

Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) plays indispensable roles in tooth root development, including controlling the shape and number of roots, dentin formation, and helping generate the cementum. Based on these characteristics, HERS cell is a potential seed cell type for tooth-related tissue regeneration. However, the application is severely limited by a lack of appropriate culture methods and small cell numbers.