Coronary microvascular dysfunction: a review of its association with extracardiac organ pathologies.

Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is a high-risk factor for numerous cardiovascular events, and there is an increasing focus on the diagnosis and treatment of CMD itself or its association with cardiovascular diseases. However, some evidences suggest potential associations between CMD and multiple extracardiac pathologies, such as cerebrovascular, renal, pulmonary, retinal, hepatic, immune system diseases, and cancer. A shared pathological mechanism may underlie these connections, yet the relationship between CMD and other organs and systemic diseases remains unclear.

Phase angle as a predictor of prolonged length of hospital stay and adverse outcomes in elderly medical inpatients: a retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: Evaluating prognosis in geriatric inpatients presents significant complexity and challenges. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the association between phase angle (PhA) and clinical outcomes in hospitalized elderly patients, specifically focusing on prolonged hospital stays, one-year readmission, or all-cause mortality.

Methods: The study enrolled individuals aged ≥65 years hospitalized in the geriatric medical ward of our hospital.

Construction of a prediction model for sarcopenic obesity based on machine learning.

Background: In the context of the rapidly aging global population, sarcopenic obesity (SO) in older adults is associated with significantly higher rates of disability and mortality. SO has become a serious and critical public health concern. This study aimed to develop and validate predictive models using machine learning (ML) to identify SO in patients.

Reinforced dialdehyde nanocellulose/sodium alginate/graphene oxide composite aerogel with excellent acoustic absorptivity and flame retardancy based on Schiff base/ Fe double cross-linking.

A sound absorbing/flame retarded dialdehyde nanocellulose (DAC)/sodium alginate (SA) composite aerogel was fabricated via constructing a Schiff base/Fe coordination double cross-linked frameworks. Meanwhile, an N/P synergistic flame retardant system was synchronous constructed during cross-linking process. As a sound absorbing/synergistic flame retardant component, tannic acid modified graphene oxide (TA/GO) was introduced into the formed Schiff base cross-linking structure.

Risk Factors and Predictive Models for Sarcopenia in Older Adults.

Objectives: Sarcopenia as an age-related syndrome is marked by a progressive loss of muscle strength and mass or reduced physical function. It is insidious in onset and presents a high prevalence. This study aimed to explore risk factors for sarcopenia in the elderly population and construct predictive models.

Chinese Expert Consensus on Standardized Outpatient Management of Sarcopenia in the Elderly (2024).

Sarcopenia is an age-related disorder that influences the daily living ability of older adults and interacts with various chronic diseases. Older adults with sarcopenia typically experience a deterioration in their quality of life and healthy lifespan. The number of Chinese persons with sarcopenia is considerable, and the burden of sarcopenia is substantial; however, the specific sarcopenia clinics available for outpatients are insufficient.

Mechanisms of the Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response in Caenorhabditis elegans and Mammals and Its Roles in Striated Muscles.

Throughout the course of evolution, organisms and cells have evolved a suite of mechanisms to manage persistent stimuli, thereby preserving cellular and organismal homeostasis. Upon detecting stress signals, cells activate a transcriptional response termed the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR). This response is crucial for maintaining protein homeostasis, facilitating mitochondrial function recovery, promoting cell survival, and ultimately influencing lifespan.

LDH and NLR, as inflammatory markers, the independent risk factors for COVID-19 complicated with respiratory failure in elderly patients.

Objective: Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is an enzyme that is responsible for the production of lactic acid, which is a necessary byproduct when the body does not have enough oxygen. LDH levels in the blood can be used as a marker to predict mortality in patients with ARDS, severe COVID-19, and cancer. To analyze the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in the elderly and the correlation between LDH and respiratory failure in COVID-19 patients, to improve the identification and management of this type of pneumonia by clinicians.

Alginate oligosaccharides exert protective effects on hydrogen peroxide-induced senescence in H9C2 cardiomyocytes by regulating the redox state of cells.

Aging is a known independent risk factor for several cardiovascular diseases. Here, we evaluated potential effects and possible mechanisms through which alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) affect hydrogen peroxide (HO)-induced senescence in H9C2 cardiomyocytes. A series of AOS molecules, including oligoM, oligoG, M-5, and G-5, were investigated.

Alginate oligosaccharide alleviates vascular aging by upregulating glutathione peroxidase 7.

Alginate oligosaccharide (AOS) may delay aging by decreasing oxidative stress, but the effects on vascular aging remain unclear. Here, we evaluate the effect of AOS on vascular aging and investigate the underlying mechanisms. Twenty-month-old rats acted as the natural aging model in vivo.

Alginate oligosaccharide alleviates aging-related intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction by blocking FGF1-mediated TLR4/NF-κB p65 pathway.

Background: Alginate oligosaccharide (AOS) has been reported to exert a crucial role in maintaining the intestinal mucosal barrier (IMB) function. The current study aimed at ascertaining the protective effects of AOS on aging-induced IMB dysfunction and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Methods: An aging mouse model and a senescent NCM460 cell model were established using d-galactose.

Chinese expert consensus on prevention and control interventions for older adults with physical functional impairment (2022).

Older adults are at high risk for functional impairment, which is closely related to sarcopenia, falls, and frailty. This seriously affects their quality of life and health, and places a heavy burden on society and families. Although domestic and foreign sports recommendations and prevention and control guidelines/expert consensus have been issued for healthy older adults and functional impairment-related diseases, there is no guidance on prevention and control interventions for older adults with physical functional impairment.

Astragalus polysaccharides alleviates cardiac hypertrophy in diabetic cardiomyopathy via inhibiting the BMP10-mediated signaling pathway.

Background: Cardiac hypertrophy can lead to cardiac dysfunction and is closely associated with mortality in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) is the main component extracted from Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge (AM), which exhibits anti-hypertrophic effects on cardiomyocytes in various diseases.

Acidic oligosaccharide sugar chain combined with hyperbaric oxygen delays D-galactose-induced brain senescence in mice via attenuating oxidative stress and neuroinflammation.

Aging is fundamental to neurodegeneration and dementia. Preventing oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are potential methods of delaying the onset of aging-associated neurodegenerative diseases. The acidic oligosaccharide sugar chain (AOSC) and hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) can increase the expression of antioxidants and have a neuroprotective function.

Bromodomain-containing protein 7 contributes to myocardial infarction-induced myocardial injury through activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling.

Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases, inducing severe myocardial injury and leading to high mortality. Bromodomain-containing protein 7 (BRD7), a member of bromodomain-containing protein family, is involved in multiple cellular processes, such as cell cycle, transcriptional regulation, and chromatin remodeling, but the functions of BRD7 in regulating MI-associated myocardial injury are still obscure. In this work, we investigated the effect of BRD7 on MI-induced myocardial injury in vitro and in vivo.

The mechanisms of vascular aging.

Vascular senescence is one of the hotspots in current research. With global average life expectancy increasing, delaying or reducing aging and age-related diseases has become a pressing issue for improving quality of life. Vascular senescence is an independent risk factor for age-related cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and results in the deterioration of CVD.

Alginate oligosaccharide alleviates D-galactose-induced cardiac ageing via regulating myocardial mitochondria function and integrity in mice.

Ageing is a crucial risk factor for the development of age-related cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, the molecular mechanisms of ageing and novel anti-ageing interventions need to be deeply studied. Alginate oligosaccharide (AOS) possesses high pharmacological activities and beneficial effects.

Alginate oligosaccharide alleviates senile osteoporosis via the RANKL-RANK pathway in D-galactose-induced C57BL/6J mice.

Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and bone quality and increased bone porosity, which increase the risk of bone fracture. Inflammation, one of the important mechanisms related to aging, is associated with osteoporosis. Treatment with anti-inflammatory agents is effective for alleviating senile osteoporosis.

Alginate Oligosaccharide Ameliorates D-Galactose-Induced Kidney Aging in Mice through Activation of the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway.

Aging is an independent risk factor for the development of age-related progressive kidney injury. As a part of the aging process, kidney aging has been indicated to be associated with oxidative stress-induced damage. Ameliorating oxidative damage is therefore considered a promising strategy for delaying kidney aging.

Alginate Oligosaccharide Prevents against D-galactose-mediated Cataract in C57BL/6J Mice via Regulating Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant System.

Purpose: Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS), obtained from depolymerizing alginate, has multiple pharmacological benefits. Cataract is a common disease caused by turbidity of the lens protein due to lens metabolism disorders. This study aimed to test the effects and the underlying mechanisms of AOS on D-galactose (D-gal)-mediated cataract.

Alginate oligosaccharide protects endothelial cells against oxidative stress injury via integrin-α/FAK/PI3K signaling.

Alginate oligosaccharide (AOS) was reported to possess antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities, but the specific effects and mechanisms remain unclear. We investigated the effects of AOS on HO-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the associated mechanisms. HUVECs were treated with 100-800 µM hydrogen peroxide (HO) for various periods (12, 24, and 36 h) to establish an in vitro oxidative stress and apoptosis HUVEC model.

Correlation between sarcopenia and left ventricular myocardial mass in chronic heart failure patients.

Sarcopenia is defined as a progressive age-related syndrome of reduced whole-body muscle mass, muscle strength, and muscle function. Patients with heart failure (HF) and sarcopenia are inclined to have decreased muscle strength. The current research suggests that skeletal muscle changes are the main manifestations of sarcopenia, but myocardium is not mentioned as skeletal muscle.

Diffusion-weighted imaging-documented bilateral small embolic stroke involving multiple vascular territories may indicate occult cancer: A retrospective case series and a brief review of the literature.

Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) MRI is very sensitive for detecting small embolic brain infarctions. Stroke as the first manifestation of cancer is extremely rare. We performed a retrospective study to identify the clinical and DWI features of patients with acute ischemic stroke as the first manifestation of occult cancer.