Macroscopic effects on the Terahertz generation from the two-color filamentation.

We recently investigated the influence of laser propagation in gas medium on Terahertz (THz) yield. The dependence of THz yield on the distance between two spatially discrete foci was reproduced when the two collimated driver beams were focused separately. In this study, we further account of the THz field propagation and the interference of local THz sources in the far field; thus, the THz spectra are even reproduced successfully.

Radical-Assisted Nonradiative Processes to Couple Photothermy and Photosensitization for Solar-Driven Water Evaporation.

Nonradiative (NR) processes are pivotal in engineering materials with tailored properties for energy utilization. However, their intrinsic rapidity and competitiveness pose huge challenges in on-demand manipulation. Herein, radical-assisted multiple NR processes were achieved to couple photothermy and photosensitization based on a unique near-infrared-absorbing diradical-featured croconium (CR) dendrimer, CR-(DPA)-OMe.

MgSO alleviates hippocampal neuroinflammation and BBB damage to resist CMS-induced depression.

Purpose: Magnesium sulfate (MgSO) possesses the advantages of being readily accessible, cost-effective, and having low toxicity. It has potential applications as a neuroprotective agent. The mechanisms underlying the effects of Mg treatment on depression and its neuroprotective properties remain poorly elucidated.

Risk factors for progression to type 2 diabetes in prediabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Prediabetes is the earliest identifiable stage of glycemic dysregulation, and its progression can be delayed by effective control of risk factors. Currently, various risk factors for the progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) need to be further summarized.

Objective: This systematic evaluation of the risk factors for the progression of prediabetes to type 2 diabetes mellitus provides a theoretical basis for early recognition and intervention.

Gut microbiota: A new window for the prevention and treatment of neuropsychiatric disease.

Under normal physiological conditions, gut microbiota and host mutually coexist. They play key roles in maintaining intestinal barrier integrity, absorption, and metabolism, as well as promoting the development of the central nervous system (CNS) and emotional regulation. The dysregulation of gut microbiota homeostasis has attracted significant research interest, specifically in its impact on neurological and psychiatric disorders.

Analysis of respiratory pathogen detection in hospitalized children with acute respiratory tract infections after ending the zero COVID policy.

After ending the three-year zero COVID policy in China, the epidemiology of other respiratory pathogens has been affected. This study aimed to characterize of common respiratory pathogen infections in pediatric patients hospitalized for acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) in Suzhou before and after ending the zero COVID policy. Nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) were obtained from children with ARTIs (aged ≤ 16 years) at the Children's Hospital of Soochow University for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza A (FluA), FluB, human parainfluenza virus (HPIV), adenovirus (ADV), human rhinovirus (HRV), bocavirus (BoV), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), and mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP).

Characterizing strong-field tunneling ionization with a phase-dependent THz polarization spectrum.

The terahertz radiation emitted by asymmetrically ionized wavepackets in two-color strong-field tunneling ionization is essential for detecting the system's associated electron dynamics and structural properties. We propose to characterize and control tunneling ionization using a phase-dependent terahertz polarization (PTP) spectrum, analyzed through a combination of the classical trajectory Monte Carlo method, an analytical model based on the virial theorem, and the rigorous solution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation as a benchmark. Our results demonstrate that the PTP spectrum offers a high-precision measure of the Coulomb effect through the relative phase of the two-color laser.

Analysis of the potentially pathogenic bacteria of lower respiratory tract infections in children per-, during and post-COVID-19: a retrospective study.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused significant changes in lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs). This study aimed to characterize potentially pathogenic bacterial infections in paediatric patients hospitalized for LRTIs per-, during and post-COVID-19.

Methods: Sputum culture data from 85,659 children with LRTIs at the Children's Hospital of Soochow University from January 2016 to May 2024 were analyzed for eight bacteria: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Moraxella catarrhalis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter baumannii.

Donepezil hydrochloride fingerprint spectral and formation mechanism analysis.

Donepezil hydrochloride is a widely used medication for treating Alzheimer's disease. This study utilized terahertz time-domain spectroscopy to analyze the fingerprint spectra of donepezil hydrochloride, identifying five characteristic absorption peaks at 1.65, 2.

Association between obstructive sleep apnea severity and depression risk: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has received considerable attention as a potential risk factor for depressive symptoms. The systematic review was conducted to confirm the dose‒response connection between OSA severity and depression risk. A systematic literature search of English and Chinese articles published in PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and SinoMed databases from their inception to 28 August 2023 was conducted.

Psychometric properties of stigma and discrimination measurement tools for persons living with HIV: a systematic review using the COSMIN methodology.

Background: The development of antiretroviral therapy broadly extends the life expectancy of persons living with HIV (PLHIV). However, stigma and discrimination are still great threat to these individuals and the world's public health care system. Accurate and reproducible measures are prerequisites for robust results.

Identifying care problem clusters and core care problems of older adults with dementia for caregivers: a network analysis.

Background: A shift in research interest from separate care problem to care problem clusters among caregivers of people living with dementia may contribute to a better understanding of dementia care. However, the care problems network among caregivers of people living with dementia are still unknown. This study aimed to identify care problem clusters and core care problems, and explore demographic variables associated with these care problem clusters among caregivers of people living with dementia.

Coulomb potential determining terahertz polarization in a two-color laser field.

The orientation and ellipticity of terahertz (THz) polarization generated by a two-color strong field not only casts light on underlying mechanisms of laser-matter interaction, but also plays an important role for various applications. We develop the Coulomb-corrected classical trajectory Monte Carlo (CTMC) method to well reproduce the joint measurements, that the THz polarization generated by the linearly polarized 800 nm and circularly polarized 400 nm fields is independent on two-color phase delay. The trajectory analysis shows that the Coulomb potential twists the THz polarization by deflecting the orientation of asymptotic momentum of electron trajectories.

Patient-reported outcome measures of stigma and discrimination for people living with HIV: a systematic review protocol.

Objective: The objective of this systematic review is to apply COnsensus-based standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) methodology to review psychometric properties of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) of HIV-related stigma and/or discrimination.

Introduction: Due to the development of antiretroviral therapy, the life expectancy of people living with HIV is similar to the life expectancy of the rest of the population. However, HIV-related stigma and discrimination are still major barriers to improving the quality of life of persons living with HIV.

The effectiveness and sustainability of peer support interventions for persons living with HIV: a realist synthesis.

Background: Peer support is an important supplement to medical resources for persons living with HIV (PLHIV). However, previous studies have shown mixed results about intervention effects. It is necessary to explain the mechanism of peer support interventions' effectiveness and sustainability to help design more valid peer support interventions.

Exploring core mental health symptoms among persons living with HIV: A network analysis.

Context: Persons living with HIV (PLWH) commonly experience mental health symptoms. However, little is known about the core mental health symptoms and their relationships.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of various mental health symptoms and to explore their relationships in symptom networks among PLWH.

Research misconduct knowledge and associated factors among nurses in China: A national cross-sectional survey.

Aim: To measure the knowledge level of research misconduct and explore its associated factors among nurses.

Background: Engagement in research misconduct by nurses may transfer to professional misconduct in the clinical setting, thereby jeopardizing the quality of patient care. We still know little about the research misconduct situation among nurses.

Trajectory analysis for low-order harmonic generation in two-color strong laser fields.

Focusing two-color laser fields in gas-phase medium produces ultrashort ultra-broadband low-order harmonics spanning from terahertz to extreme ultraviolet regime. The low-order harmonic generation can be explained by both macroscopic photocurrent model and microscopic strong field approximation theory. Here, we analytically build a bridge between the macroscopic and microscopic theories by means of the trajectory method, which manifests correspondences between macroscopic and microscopic theories.

Psychometric properties of measurement tools of active aging: A systematic review.

Background: Active aging has become a global goal under the current aging situation. Accurate and reproducible assessment tools are prerequisites to robust and reliable results for prevalence evaluation, associated factor exploration, and intervention effect assessment. However, there remains no systematic review to summarize all active aging assessment tools and report their psychometric properties.

Intensity-surged and bandwidth-extended terahertz radiation in two-foci cascading plasmas.

The two-color strong-field mixing in gas medium is a widely used approach to generate bright broadband terahertz (THz) radiation. Here, we present a new, to the best of our knowledge, and counterintuitive method to promote THz performance in the two-color scheme. Beyond our knowledge that the maximum THz generation occurs with two-color foci overlapped, we found that, when the foci of two-color beams are noticeably separated along the propagation axis resulting in cascading plasmas, the THz conversion efficiency is surged by one order of magnitude and the bandwidth is stretched by more than two times, achieving 10 conversion efficiency and >100 THz bandwidth under the condition of 800/400 nm, ∼35 fs driving lasers.

Charge-encoded multi-photoion coincidence for three-body fragmentation of CO in the strong laser fields.

The photoion-photoion coincidence (PIPICO) is a simple and effective approach for the selection of correlated fragments in a specific dissociating channel in molecules. We propose here a charge-encoded multi-photoion coincidence (cMUPICO) method, in analogy to traditional PIPICO, however in which the charge of individual fragments is taken into account. The cMUPICO method allows for clearly displaying coincident channels for dissociation channels containing three more fragments with unequal charge states, invisible in the traditional PIPICO.

Frequency interferometric localization microscopy.

We propose a new super-resolution microscopy, named frequency interferometric localization microscopy (FILM). FILM is implemented by incorporating a Michelson interferometer into wide-field fluorescence microscope, which introduces coherence time as a new auxiliary axis to obtain the spectral information of individual fluorophores. After the time-wavelength transformation, the homogeneous linewidth of individual fluorophores can be isolated from the inhomogeneous broadening distribution of the fluorophore ensemble.

Third-order harmonic generation in a bi-chromatic elliptical laser field.

The low-order harmonic generation induced by a strong laser field produces a bright, ultrashort, supercontinuum radiation ranging from the terahertz to ultraviolet band. By controlling the phase-delay and ellipticity of the bi-chromatic laser fields, the third harmonic generation is experimentally and theoretically investigated for elucidating the mechanism of the low-order harmonics. The third harmonic generation is found to be strongly suppressed in the counter-rotating bi-chromatic laser field due to the selection rule for harmonic emissions.