Association of choroid plexus volume with white matter microstructure, glymphatic function, and peripheral systemic inflammation in Alzheimer's disease.

There has been growing attention to the role of choroid plexus (CP) in neurodegenerative diseases. However, its relationship with various pathophysiological changes in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between CP volume (CPV) and white matter microstructure, cognitive function, glymphatic function, and peripheral systemic inflammation in AD.

Global, regional, and national burden and trends of Type 2 diabetes mellitus among women of childbearing age from 1990 to 2021, with projections to 2030: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Objective: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) constitutes a severe public health issue among women of childbearing age (WCBA) globally. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of T2DM among WCBA from 1990 to 2021, with projections until 2030.

Methods: We used estimates from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 concerning the prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of T2DM in WCBA aged 15-49 years across 21 regions and 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021.

Global burden of disease and its risk factors for adults aged 70 and older across 204 countries and territories: a comprehensive analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Background: The global older population has been rapidly increasing in recent decades, presenting substantial economic and social challenges.

Aims: This study aims to examine the global disease burden and the associated risk factors among the population aged 70 and older across different regions.

Methods: Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) database were used to analyze global deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and average annual percentage changes to assess disease burden and associated risk factors.

SPDYE3 promotes cell cycle and LUSC progression by regulating the CDC25C/CDK1 pathway.

Background: Lung cancer is the primary reason for global cancer-related deaths. Targeted therapy is currently absent for lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), a significant pathological subtype of lung cancer. The gene SPDYE3, a member of the Speedy/Ringo gene family, is highly expressed in different cancer tissues and functions as a cell cycle regulator.

The impacts of multimorbidity trajectories and patterns on functional limitations over time in middle-aged and older adults.

Background: Although multimorbidity is a risk factor for functional limitations, few studies have simultaneously examined the impacts of multimorbidity trajectories and patterns on long-term functional limitations change. We aim to identify multimorbidity trajectories and patterns and explore their relationships with functional limitations in middle-aged and older adults.

Methods: This study included 6302 participants aged ≥50 from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing survey 2008-2021.

Activation of AMPK by GLP-1R agonists mitigates Alzheimer-related phenotypes in transgenic mice.

Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus have an increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are used for glycemic control in diabetes and show potential neuroprotective properties, but their effects on AD and the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Here we demonstrate that GLP-1RAs can alleviate AD-related phenotypes by activating 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling.

Recent Advances in Drug Development for Alzheimer's Disease: A Comprehensive Review.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive impairments such as memory loss and executive dysfunction. The primary pathological features of AD include the deposition of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques, the hyperphosphorylation of tau proteins leading to neurofibrillary tangles, disruptions of neuronal and synaptic functions, and chronic inflammatory responses. These multifactorial interactions drive disease progression.

Characterization of excitatory synaptic transmission in the retrosplenial cortex of adult mice.

The retrosplenial cortex (RSC) plays an important role in navigation, memory and pain. However, there are few studies on excitatory synaptic transmission in the RSC. Here, we used a multi-electrode array recording system (MED64) to study the characteristics of excitatory synaptic transmission in the RSC and the contribution of different types of voltage-gated Ca channels (VGCCs) in excitatory synaptic transmission.

The associations between coping resources and help-seeking intention in a sample of Chinese first-year medical students: mediation effects of coping strategies.

Background: Help-seeking is an adaptive coping process encompassing orientation, intention and actual behaviors. Help-seeking intention which promotes help-seeking behavior is a protective factor for mental health. However, the psychological paths for help-seeking intention in first-year medical students, a population vulnerable to mental health challenges, remain elusive.

Mdga2 deficiency leads to an aberrant activation of BDNF/TrkB signaling that underlies autism-relevant synaptic and behavioral changes in mice.

Memprin/A5/mu (MAM) domain containing glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor 2 (MDGA2) is an excitatory synaptic suppressor and its mutations have been associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the detailed physiological function of MDGA2 and the mechanism underlying MDGA2 deficiency-caused ASD has yet to be elucidated. Herein, we not only confirm that Mdga2 +/- mice exhibit increased excitatory synapse transmission and ASD-like behaviors, but also identify aberrant brain-derived neurotrophic factor/tyrosine kinase B (BDNF/TrkB) signaling activation in these mice.

Smoking impairs cognitive function through the mediating effect of periodontitis in older adults.

Objectives: Evidence has shown that both smoking and periodontitis were linked to cognitive impairment. This study examines whether periodontitis mediates the effects of smoking status on cognitive function in older adults.

Methods: Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014, the study included 1728 older participants who have data on smoking, serum cotinine, periodontal examination, and cognitive function.

LTF as a Potential Predictive Biomarker for Durable Benefit From First-Line Chemo-Immunotherapy in Small Cell Lung Cancer.

At present, only a limited fraction of patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) achieve a sustained response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. The factors that drive therapeutic efficacy remain poorly delineated, and the field is devoid of reliable predictive biomarkers to guide personalized treatment decisions. Therefore, we conducted RNA sequencing of tumor samples from 21 patients prior to treatment to identify expression patterns associated with lasting benefit and used weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify key genes associated with favorable outcomes of chemotherapeutic immunotherapy.

Unveiling the role of KLF9-mediated IFITM3 regulation in amyloidogenesis.

Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) is implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) by regulating γ-secretase activity and subsequent amyloid β (Aβ) generation. However, the regulation of IFITM3 gene expression and the underlying mechanisms remain exclusive. In this study, we aimed to investigate the regulation of the IFITM3 and its role in amyloidogenesis.

Global, Regional, and National Epidemiology of Opioid Use Disorder Among Adolescents and Young Adults, 1990-2019.

Purpose: Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a growing public health crisis. However, no study to date has systematically evaluated the burden of OUD among adolescents and young adults (AYAs). We aimed to report the global level and trends of OUD burden among AYAs.

Identification of circulating risk biomarkers for cognitive decline in a large community-based population in Chongqing China.

Introduction: This study aims to investigate the relationship between blood-based pathologies and established risk factors for cognitive decline in the community-based population of Chongqing, a region with significant aging.

Methods: A total of 26,554 residents aged 50 years and older were recruited. Multinomial logistic regression models were applied to assess the risk factors of cognition levels.

TRF-16 Inhibits Lung Cancer Progression by Hindering the N6-Methyladenosine Modification of CPT1A mRNA.

Transfer RNA-derived fragments (tRFs) are a new class of small non-coding RNAs. Recent studies suggest that tRFs participate in some pathological processes. However, the biological activities and processes of tRFs in lung cancer cells remain mainly unclear.

Quantifying EDC Emissions from Consumer Products: A Novel Rapid Method and Its Application for Systematic Evaluation of Health Impacts.

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are widely used in consumer products and have been associated with adverse public health outcomes and significant economic costs. We developed a rapid chamber method for measuring EDC emissions from consumer products, significantly reducing the time to reach steady state from weeks or months to minutes or hours. Using this method, we quantified EDC emissions from a wide range of products, determined the emission-control parameters, and established their relationship with the EDC content () and physicochemical properties.

Association between interpersonal resources and mental health professional help-seeking among Chinese adolescents with probable depression: mediations via personal resources and active coping.

Background: Globally, adolescent depression is prevalent. There is, however, a dearth of studies investigating behavioral intention to professional help-seeking regarding mental health problems among adolescents having probable depression. Based on the Stress Coping Theory, the hypothesis that personal resources and active coping would mediate between interpersonal resources and behavioral intention to professional help-seeking was investigated.

Berberine modulates microglial polarization by activating TYROBP in Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Characterized by β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and aberrant neuroinflammation in the brain, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease. Microglial polarization is a subtle mechanism which maintains immunological homeostasis and has emerged as a putative therapeutic to combat AD. Berberine (BBR) is a natural alkaloid compound with multiple pharmacological effects, and has shown considerable therapeutic potential against inflammatory disorders.

An analysis of vitamin K status in Chinese healthy children aged 0-18 years.

Background: Vitamin K (VK), an essential fat-soluble nutrient, exists in two primary forms, vitamin K1 (VK1), and vitamin K2 (VK2). VK1 plays an essential role in blood coagulation, while VK2 plays a crucial role in managing bone calcification, supporting bone strength and health. However, comprehensive epidemiological data on VK remains sparse, particularly in children.

Prognostic value of baseline clinicopathological characteristics in first-line chemotherapy ± immunotherapy for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: The integration of chemotherapy and immunotherapy as a first-line treatment for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) has been adopted in clinical practice, yet the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is variable, benefiting only a fraction of patients. The current absence of reliable biomarkers for predicting treatment response and prognosis represents a significant gap in knowledge, hindering the optimization of patient stratification and treatment planning. This retrospective cohort study aims to assess the potential predictive and prognostic significance of clinicopathological baseline features in ES-SCLC patients.

A longitudinal study of the mediator role of physical activity in the bidirectional relationships of cognitive function and specific dimensions of depressive symptoms.

Background: The bidirectional relationship between cognitive function and depressive symptoms has been extensively reported. However, the potential mechanisms are still not clear. We aim to longitudinally investigate whether physical activity mediates the bidirectional relationships between cognitive function and specific dimensions of depressive symptoms.

Sex-specific modulating role of social support in the associations between oxidative stress, inflammation, and telomere length in older adults.

Telomere length, a biomarker of human aging, is related to adverse health outcomes. Growing evidence indicates that oxidative stress and inflammation contributes to telomere shortening, whereas social support may protect from telomere shortening. Despite sex differences in telomere length and social support, little is known about whether there are sex differences in the relationship between oxidative stress/inflammation and telomere length, and sex-specific moderating roles of social support in older adults.

Honokiol relieves hippocampal neuronal damage in Alzheimer's disease by activating the SIRT3-mediated mitochondrial autophagy.

Background: This work elucidated the effect of honokiol (HKL) on hippocampal neuronal mitochondrial function in Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods: APP/PS1 mice were used as AD mice models and exposed to HKL and 3-TYP. Morris water maze experiment was performed to appraise cognitive performance of mice.

Orexin B protects dopaminergic neurons from 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced neurotoxicity associated with reduced extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation.

Background: The loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) is a major pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD). Orexin B (OXB) has been reported to promote the growth of DA neurons. However, the roles of OXB in the degeneration of DA neurons still remained not fully clear.