Factors affecting preoperative sentinel lymph nodes contrast-enhanced ultrasound in breast cancer.

Background: Preoperative evaluation of sentinel lymph nodes is very important in breast cancer patients. This study aimed to explore factors affecting the result of preoperative percutaneous contrast-enhanced ultrasound for sentinel lymph nodes (SLN-CEUS) using Sonovue.

Methods: A total of 176 patients with breast cancer who underwent preoperative SLN-CEUS to trace axillary sentinel lymph nodes were included.

Model for Predicting Central Lymph Node Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Study Based on Ultrasound Viscosity Imaging.

Objective: To investigate the association between ultrasound (US) viscosity imaging and central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and to develop a new model for predicting CLNM based on patient clinical data, grey-scale US characteristics and US viscosity imaging parameters.

Materials And Methods: This prospective study enrolled patients with PTC who underwent preoperative US viscosity from June 2024 to September 2024. Using histological results as the reference standard, optimal cutoff values for the viscosity parameter were established to predict central lymph node metastasis (CLNM).

Lipid Nanoparticle-Encapsulated mRNAs Encoding Tumor-Specific Toxin Proteins Selectively Target Cancer Cells and Stimulate T Cell Infiltration.

Treatment with mRNA-based therapeutics represents a potential strategy for improving outcomes of diverse diseases. Tumor-specific toxins might represent ideal candidates for mRNA-based cancer therapeutics. Here, we investigated the anti-tumor potential of lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated mRNA encoding the tumor-specific toxin protein neutrophil elastase (ELANE or PPE).

Chimeric hemagglutinin and M2 mRNA vaccine for broad influenza subtype protection.

Since multiple and unpredicted influenza viruses cause seasonal epidemics and even high-risk pandemics, developing a universal influenza vaccine is essential to provide broad protection against various influenza subtypes. Combined with the mRNA lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated (mRNA-LNP) vaccine platform and chimeric immunogen strategy, we developed a novel cocktail mRNA vaccine encoding chimeric HAs (cH5/1-BV, cH7/3) and intact M2 (termed Fluaxe), which confers broad protection against major circulating IAVs and IBVs, as well as highly pathogenic avian influenza. Two-dose intramuscular immunization of Fluaxe in mice elicited cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies, T cell responses, and long-lived immunity, resulting in robust protection against multiple lethal influenza virus infections and severe acute lung injuries.

Integration of Nuclear, Clinical, and Genetic Features for Lung Cancer Subtype Classification and Survival Prediction Based on Machine- and Deep-Learning Models.

Lung cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. Accurately determining lung cancer subtypes and identifying high-risk patients are helpful for individualized treatment and follow-up. Our study aimed to establish an effective model for subtype classification and overall survival (OS) prediction in patients with lung cancer.

Super-resolution ultrasound imaging of intranodal lymphatic sinuses for predicting sentinel lymph node metastasis in breast cancer: a preliminary study.

Objectives: Accurate preoperative localization and characterization of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) is vital in breast cancer management. The application of super-resolution ultrasound (SRUS) imaging to visualize intranodal lymphatic sinuses for the prediction of SLN metastasis has yet to be investigated. The study aimed to assess the value of SRUS imaging of intranodal lymphatic sinuses in predicting SLN metastasis in breast cancer patients.

Protection efficacy of mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 variant vaccine in non-human primates.

The rapid emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants that evade immunity elicited by vaccination has posed a global challenge to the control of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Therefore, developing countermeasures that broadly protect against SARS-CoV-2 and related sarbecoviruses is essential. Herein, we have developed a lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated mRNA (mRNA-LNP) encoding the full-length Spike (S) glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 (termed RG001), which confers complete protection in a non-human primate model.

Recurrent laryngeal nerve thermal injury in radiofrequency ablation for papillary thyroid carcinoma and related risk factors: a prospective large cohort study.

Objective: To establish a prediction model for recurrent laryngeal nerve thermal injury (RLNTI) in radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).

Materials And Methods: This prospective study was conducted at a single center from July 2016 to September 2022. Patients diagnosed with PTC and received US-RFA by different interventional therapy groups were enrolled, and classified as derivation cohort and validation cohort based on therapy groups.

Impact of Hashimoto's thyroiditis on radiofrequency ablation for papillary thyroid micro-carcinoma: a cohort study of 391 patients.

Purpose: To assess the impact of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) on radiofrequency ablation (RFA) outcomes for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC).

Methods: A retrospective study of 391 PTMC patients treated with RFA from March 2017 to August 2020, divided by HT accompanied or not. Ablation area size, volume reduction ratio (VRR), lesion disappearance, complications, and recurrences were analyzed.

Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Responsive Scaffold Promotes Intramembranous and Endochondral Ossification via Ultrasonic, Thermal, and Electrical Stimulation.

Multiple physical stimuli are expected to produce a synergistic effect to promote bone tissue regeneration. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has been clinically used in bone repair for the mechanical stimulation that it provides. In addition, LIPUS can also excite the biomaterials to generate other physical stimuli such as thermal or electrical stimuli.

Individualized Physical Activity Prescriptions for Children and Adolescents With Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background: For improved health outcomes, children and adolescents with cancer must maintain physical activity. Individualized physical activity prescription is an effective way to promote physical activity in this group.

Objective: We reviewed and meta-analyzed evidence on the effectiveness of individualized physical activity prescriptions for improving physical activity and other health outcomes among children and adolescents with cancer.

Phyllosphere bacterial community and metabolomic analysis revealed the mechanism of Cd tolerance in the bryophyte (Hedw.) Limpr.

Introduction: Phytoremediation is a safe and green technology for the remediation of heavy metal pollution, a global environmental problem. Bryophytes are well known for their special physiological properties, but there is little research on the use of bryophytes for phytoremediation.

Methods: In this indoor experiment, the impacts of 40 days of Cd pollution (1 (T1), 5 (T2), 10 (T3) mg·L) on Cd absorption, growth and physiological characteristics, and phyllosphere bacterial diversity of were explored.

Synthetic Breast Ultrasound Images: A Study to Overcome Medical Data Sharing Barriers.

The vast potential of medical big data to enhance healthcare outcomes remains underutilized due to privacy concerns, which restrict cross-center data sharing and the construction of diverse, large-scale datasets. To address this challenge, we developed a deep generative model aimed at synthesizing medical data to overcome data sharing barriers, with a focus on breast ultrasound (US) image synthesis. Specifically, we introduce CoLDiT, a conditional latent diffusion model with a transformer backbone, to generate US images of breast lesions across various Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) categories.

A Novel Strain GS2Y Exhibits Strong Biocontrol Potential Against Fungal Diseases in Tea Plants ().

Background: Tea plants () are widely cultivated cash crops. However, fungal diseases lead to significant reductions in both the yield and quality of tea. Therefore, searching for economical, eco-friendly, and efficient biological control measures is crucial for protecting tea plants from pathogenic fungi.

Discovery of Ketal-Ester Ionizable Lipid Nanoparticle with Reduced Hepatotoxicity, Enhanced Spleen Tropism for mRNA Vaccine Delivery.

The safety and efficacy of the lipid nanoparticle (LNP) delivery system are crucial for the successful development of messenger RNA vaccines. We designed and synthesized a series of ketal ester lipids (KELs), featuring a biodegradable ketal moiety in the linker and ester segments in the tail. Through iterative optimization of the head and tail groups of KELs, we tuned the pKa and molecular shapes, and identified (4S)-KEL12 as a safe and efficient ionizable lipid for mRNA delivery.

Harnessing Large Language Models for Structured Reporting in Breast Ultrasound: A Comparative Study of Open AI (GPT-4.0) and Microsoft Bing (GPT-4).

Objectives: To assess the capabilities of large language models (LLMs), including Open AI (GPT-4.0) and Microsoft Bing (GPT-4), in generating structured reports, the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) categories, and management recommendations from free-text breast ultrasound reports.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective study, 100 free-text breast ultrasound reports from patients who underwent surgery between January and May 2023 were gathered.

Super-resolution ultrasound and microvasculomics: a consensus statement.

This is a summary of a consensus statement on the introduction of "Ultrasound microvasculomics" produced by The Chinese Artificial Intelligence Alliance for Thyroid and Breast Ultrasound. The evaluation of microvessels is a very important part for the assessment of diseases. Super-resolution ultrasound (SRUS) microvascular imaging surpasses traditional ultrasound imaging in the morphological and functional analysis of microcirculation.

Transforming free-text radiology reports into structured reports using ChatGPT: A study on thyroid ultrasonography.

Purpose: The importance of structured radiology reports has been fully recognized, as they facilitate efficient data extraction and promote collaboration among healthcare professionals. Our purpose is to assess the accuracy and reproducibility of ChatGPT, a large language model, in generating structured thyroid ultrasound reports.

Methods: This is a retrospective study that includes 184 nodules in 136 thyroid ultrasound reports from 136 patients.

Generating lymphoma ultrasound image description with transformer model.

Lymphoma, the most prevalent hematologic tumor originating from the lymphatic hematopoietic system, can be accurately diagnosed using high-resolution ultrasound. Microscopic ultrasound performance enables clinicians to identify suspected tumors and subsequently obtain a definitive pathological diagnosis through puncture biopsy. However, the complex and diverse ultrasonographic manifestations of lymphoma pose challenges for accurate characterization by sonographers.

Ultrasound Viscosity Imaging in Breast Lesions: A Multicenter Prospective Study.

Rationale And Objectives: To explore and validate the clinical value of ultrasound (US) viscosity imaging in differentiating breast lesions by combining with BI-RADS, and then comparing the diagnostic performances with BI-RADS alone.

Materials And Methods: This multicenter, prospective study enrolled participants with breast lesions from June 2021 to November 2022. A development cohort (DC) and validation cohort (VC) were established.

Performance of large language models on benign prostatic hyperplasia frequently asked questions.

Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common condition, yet it is challenging for the average BPH patient to find credible and accurate information about BPH. Our goal is to evaluate and compare the accuracy and reproducibility of large language models (LLMs), including ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4, and the New Bing Chat in responding to a BPH frequently asked questions (FAQs) questionnaire.

Immunogenicity and effectiveness of an mRNA therapeutic vaccine for HPV-related malignancies.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections account for several human cancers. There is an urgent need to develop therapeutic vaccines for targeting preexisting high-risk HPV (such as HPV 16 and 18) infections and lesions, which are insensitive to preventative vaccines. In this study, we developed a lipid nanoparticle-formulated mRNA-based HPV therapeutic vaccine (mHTV), mHTV-02, targeting the E6/E7 of HPV16 and HPV-18.

An efficient framework for lesion segmentation in ultrasound images using global adversarial learning and region-invariant loss.

Lesion segmentation in ultrasound images is an essential yet challenging step for early evaluation and diagnosis of cancers. In recent years, many automatic CNN-based methods have been proposed to assist this task. However, most modern approaches often lack capturing long-range dependencies and prior information making it difficult to identify the lesions with unfixed shapes, sizes, locations, and textures.

Secretory CAZymes profile and GH19 enzymes analysis of c25j21.

Extracellular enzymes play important roles in myxobacteria degrading macromolecules and preying on other microorganisms. Glycoside hydrolases 19 (GH19) are widely present in myxobacteria, but their evolution and biological functions have not been fully elucidated. Here we investigated the comparative secretory proteome of c25j21 in the presence of cellulose and chitin.