Etching-Free Dual Lift-Off for Direct Patterning of Epitaxial Oxide Thin Films.

Although monocrystalline oxide films offer broad functional capabilities, their practical use is hampered by challenges in patterning. Traditional patterning relies on etching, which can be costly and prone to issues like film or substrate damage, underetching, overetching, and lateral etching. In this study, we introduce a dual lift-off method for direct patterning of oxide films, circumventing the etching process and associated issues.

Nanomaterial-modified electrochemical aptasensors for tetracycline detection: a review.

Excessive residues of tetracyclines in the livestock, food products and environment can lead to their accumulation in the human body through the food chain, unavoidably posing a threat to the human health. Therefore, it is essential to establish detection methods with high specificity, stability, and sensitivity. Among the numerous detecting techniques, electrochemical sensors with aptamers working as biorecognition elements have been increasingly applied to monitor tetracyclines.

The architecture, assembly, and evolution of a complex flagellar motor.

Bacterial flagella drive motility in many species, likely including the last bacterial common ancestor . Knowledge of flagellar assembly and function has mainly come from studies of and , which have simple flagellar motors . However, most flagellated bacteria possess complex motors with unique, species-specific adaptations whose mechanisms and evolution remain largely unexplored .

2-Pyridone-Enhanced Mn-Catalysis for the Synthesis of -Deuterated Aromatic Nitriles.

We herein present a method for the synthesis of -deuterated aryl nitrile using Mn(CO)Br as catalyst with CHOD as deuteratium source, where the structure of aryl imidates is used for interconversion with a cyanide group. This method features a broad substrate range and excellent functional group tolerance, allowing late modification of various complex molecules with good yields and deuterium incorporation. Mechanistic studies suggest that 2-pyridone is crucial to the success of this chemistry, serving as an endogenous base that enhances the rate of hydrogen isotope exchange.

Effect of cell settlement on the electrochemical collision behaviors of single microbes.

Electrochemical collision technique has emerged as a powerful approach to detect the intrinsic properties of single entities. The diffusion model, together with migration and convection processes are generally used to describe the transport and collision processes of single entities. However, things become more complicated concerning microbes because of their relatively large size, inherent motility and biological activities.

Multifunctional Magnetic Oxide-MoS Heterostructures on Silicon.

Correlated oxides and related heterostructures are intriguing for developing future multifunctional devices by exploiting their exotic properties, but their integration with other materials, especially on Si-based platforms, is challenging. Here, van der Waals heterostructures of La Sr MnO (LSMO) , a correlated manganite perovskite, and MoS are demonstrated on Si substrates with multiple functions. To overcome the problems due to the incompatible growth process, technologies involving freestanding LSMO membranes and van der Waals force-mediated transfer are used to fabricate the LSMO-MoS heterostructures.

Symbiotic integration of waste disposal capability within a city cluster: The case of the Yangtze River Delta.

With the ongoing urbanization in developing regions, integrating regional waste disposal capability is challenging due to unbalanced economic development and rising environmental issues. This research proposed a multi-dimensional symbiotic integration of waste disposal capability. Applying data from the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) in China, we first explore the waste flows and interactions between cities to identify the possibility of inter-municipal collaboration based on the augmented gravity model.

Feasibility investigation and development of microbial electrochemical biosensors for marine pollution monitoring.

Electrochemical biosensor, as a real-time and rapid detection method, has rarely been explored in marine monitoring. In present work, microbial electrochemical biosensors based on two design strategies: disperse system and integrated microbial electrode, were systematically discussed and their feasibility in marine biotoxicity assessment were investigated. An isolation method was initially investigated to eliminate the potential interference and detect the biological response accurately.

Oxygen-enriched lignin-derived porous carbon nanosheets promote Zn storage.

Carbon-based zinc-ion capacitors (ZICs) have sparked intense research enthusiasm because of large power density, good rate capability and cycling stability. However, there is still a long way to go before they achieve commercial applications. Herein, oxygen-enriched lignin-derived porous carbon nanosheets (OLCKs) were prepared by one-step carbonization-activation method, and more O-containing functional groups were generated on the surface of the porous carbon by post-surface functionalization strategy.

Three-Mediator Enhanced Collisions on an Ultramicroelectrode for Selective Identification of Single .

Selective detection of colliding entities, especially cells and microbes, is of great challenge in single-entity electrochemistry. Herein, based on the different cellular electron transport pathways between microbes and mediators, we report a three-mediator system [KFe(CN), KFe(CN), and menadione] to achieve redox activity analysis and selective identification of single without the usage of antibodies. KFe(CN) in the three-mediator system will oxidize near the electrode surface and increase the local concentration of KFe(CN), which will promote the redox reaction of .

Carbon Dioxide Emissions Reduction through Technological Innovation: Empirical Evidence from Chinese Provinces.

Energy consumption and industrial activities are the primary sources of carbon emissions. As the "world's factory" and the largest carbon emitter, China has been emphasizing the core role of technological innovation in promoting industrial structure upgrades (ISU) and energy efficiency (EE) to reduce carbon emissions from industrial production and energy consumption. This study investigated the mechanism (through ISU and EE) and spillover effect of technological innovation on carbon emission reduction using the panel dataset of 30 Chinese provinces from 2008 to 2019 and spatial econometrics models.

Oxygen-Deficient α-MnO Nanotube/Graphene/N, P Codoped Porous Carbon Composite Cathode To Achieve High-Performing Zinc-Ion Batteries.

A major drawback of α-MnO-based zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) is the poor rate performance and short cycle life. Herein, an oxygen-deficient α-MnO nanotube (V-α-MnO)-integrated graphene (G) and N, P codoped cross-linked porous carbon nanosheet (CNPK) composite (V-α-MnO/CNPK/G) has been prepared for advanced ZIBs. The introduction of V in MnO can decrease the value of the Gibbs free energy of Zn adsorption near V (ca.

Universal probe-based intermediate primer-triggered qPCR (UPIP-qPCR) for SNP genotyping.

Background: The detection and identification of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is essential for determining patient disease susceptibility and the delivery of medicines targeted to the individual. At present, SNP genotyping technology includes Sanger sequencing, TaqMan-probe quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), amplification-refractory mutation system (ARMS)-PCR, and Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP). However, these technologies have some disadvantages: the high cost of development and detection, long and time consuming protocols, and high false positive rates.

Defect Engineering of Out-of-Plane Charge Transport in van der Waals Heterostructures for Bi-Direction Photoresponse.

Defects are ubiquitous in two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), generated by the initial growth- or the postprocessing. However, the defects may play negative roles in the photoelectronic properties of TMDs due to the reduction of in-plane transport of carriers. In this work, we demonstrate that the -vacancy defects in MoSe side of the van der Waal heterostructure is able to switch direction of out-of-plane charge transport.

Highly efficient ratiometric nanothermometers based on colloidal carbon quantum dots.

Optical nanothermometers have attracted much attention due to their non-contact and precise measurement with high spatial resolution at the micro- and nanoscales. They can be applied in various fields such as micro-opto-electronics, photonics, and biomedical thermal and pH sensing, while most thermal sensors reported so far contain heavy metals or have low sensitivity. Herein, we demonstrate a highly sensitive ratiometric thermal sensor based on colloidal C-dots.

Tailored negative/positive photoresponse of BP via doping.

Black phosphorus (BP) is a promising material for photodetectors due to its excellent and broadband photoresponse. To realize a wide application of BP in photodetection, there is a continuous eagerness for new approaches to tailor photoresponse of BP for a specific purpose, such as high sensitivity and switching of negative/positive responses. Here, we demonstrate that the ion irradiation with controllable conditions can enhance the photoresponsivity of BP for two orders compared to the pristine one, and can select the positive/negative photoresponse of the BP.

Redox activity of single bacteria revealed by electrochemical collision technique.

This paper reports on an innovative strategy based on the electrochemical collision technique to quantify the redox activity of two bacterial species: the Gram-negative Escherichia coli and the Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis. Thionine (TH), as a redox mediator, was electrostatically adsorbed on bacterial surface and formed the bacterium-TH complexes. TH can receive electrons from bacterial metabolic pathways and be reduced.

A novel c.2179T>C mutation blocked the intracellular transport of PHEX protein and caused X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets in a Chinese family.

Background: X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH) is a heterogeneous genetic phosphate wasting disorder that occupies the majority of inheritable hypophosphatemic rickets (HR). XLH is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the phosphate-regulating endopeptidase gene (PHEX) located on the X chromosome.

Method: In this study, we performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) on the proband to identify the causative gene.

A portable instrument for monitoring acute water toxicity based on mediated electrochemical biosensor: Design, testing and evaluation.

A water quality early-warning instrument for evaluating acute water toxicity based on the electrochemical biosensor, Model ETOX18-01, was developed and manufactured with the features of low current detection (0.1 nA), precise thermostatic control, self-cleaning as well as remote data transmission. A sensitive integrated microbial electrode, made up of a glass carbon electrode that was modified by an active biofilm consisting of Escherichia coli, thionine, carbon nanodots and chitosan, has been fabricated as the biosensor.

A Novel Bat Coronavirus Closely Related to SARS-CoV-2 Contains Natural Insertions at the S1/S2 Cleavage Site of the Spike Protein.

The unprecedented pandemic of pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, in China and beyond has had major public health impacts on a global scale [1, 2]. Although bats are regarded as the most likely natural hosts for SARS-CoV-2 [3], the origins of the virus remain unclear. Here, we report a novel bat-derived coronavirus, denoted RmYN02, identified from a metagenomic analysis of samples from 227 bats collected from Yunnan Province in China between May and October 2019.

Enhancement of Out-of-Plane Charge Transport in a Vertically Stacked Two-Dimensional Heterostructure Using Point Defects.

Point defects in 2D materials block in-plane charge transport, which incurs negative effects on the photoresponse of 2D monolayer materials. In contrast to in-plane charge transport, we show that out-of-plane charge transport in 2D materials can be enhanced through controllable formation of point defects, thus enhancing the photoresponse of a vertical heterostructure. Graphene and WSe monolayers were stacked together to construct a vertical heterostructure (W/G).

Problems analysis and new fabrication strategies of mediated electrochemical biosensors for wastewater toxicity assessment.

Conventional mediated electrochemical biosensors for toxicity assessment were almost based on 'one-pot' principle, i.e., mediators and the under-test chemicals were mixed together in the same vessel.

Effect of fiber orientation on the stress distribution within a leaflet of a polymer composite heart valve in the closed position.

Polymer trileaflet valves offer natural hemodynamics with the potential for better durability than commercially available tissue valves. Strength and durability of polymer-based valves may be increased through fiber reinforcement. A finite element analysis of the mechanics of a statically loaded polymer trileaflet aortic heart valve has been conducted.