CT-Mamba: A hybrid convolutional State Space Model for low-dose CT denoising.

Low-dose CT (LDCT) significantly reduces the radiation dose received by patients, however, dose reduction introduces additional noise and artifacts. Currently, denoising methods based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) face limitations in long-range modeling capabilities, while Transformer-based denoising methods, although capable of powerful long-range modeling, suffer from high computational complexity. Furthermore, the denoised images predicted by deep learning-based techniques inevitably exhibit differences in noise distribution compared to normal-dose CT (NDCT) images, which can also impact the final image quality and diagnostic outcomes.

Analysis of and methods for void-free liquid filling of blind microchambers in centrifugal microfluidics.

Centrifugal microfluidics are widely used in point-of-care testing applications. Blind microchambers, microchambers that have only one access point by which to interact with an external environment, are commonly used in centrifugal microfluidic chips. However, achieving void-free liquid filling of blind microchambers poses a significant challenge as the injection of liquid and the exhausting of air occurs simultaneously and thus interference leads to incomplete liquid filling with the presence of residual bubbles.

Ultrasound-Enabled Spatial Multi-Droplet Manipulation on Slippery Surfaces.

Controllable droplet manipulation plays a crucial role in microfluidics, biomedicine, and energy harvesting. Despite significant advances, synchronously controlling multiple droplets on a monolayer surface or spatially dislocated surfaces remains challenging. Here, a droplet ultrasonic bowl (DUB) is developed to enable the multi-droplet manipulation on a spatial slippery liquid-infused surface.

A Highly Soluble Two-Electron Storage Viologen Negolyte for Neutral Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries.

Aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFBs), exploiting the reversible redox properties of aqueous soluble organic species to store energy, have been considered as a favorable large-scale and long-term energy storage technology for the deployment of renewable energy. Viologen-based species have been demonstrated as excellent negolyte candidates for AORFBs by virtue of their high water solubility, good electrochemical stability, and diverse molecular structure tunability. However, most viologen derivatives display one-electron redox during operation, limiting the output voltage, power, and energy density of AORFBs.

Triple-Scale Structure-Induced Efficient Passive Radiative Cooling Combining Robust Anticondensation.

Passive radiative cooling holds promise for achieving subambient cooling without consuming energy, facilitated by emitting thermal radiation into cosmic space. However, previous approaches, focusing heavily on aligning structural scales with optical properties, have struggled with effective anticondensation, thus limiting their applicability in high-humidity or supercooled conditions. Here, we demonstrate a design that enables efficient passive radiative cooling while maintaining robust anticondensation performance, underpinned by a triple-scale structure comprising microscale polymer particles, submicrometer-scale interparticle gaps, and nanoscale pores on the particle surfaces.

Effect of six hand operation nursing applied in microscopic apical surgery.

Objective: To investigate the effect of six hand operation nursing applied in microscopic apical surgery.

Method: Subjects (90 in total) were recruited from patients undergoing microscopic apical surgery in our hospital between March 2022 and March 2024, and assigned to a control group (n = 45) and an observation group (n = 45) using a random number table.

Results: The overall response rate was higher in the observation group than that in the control group (P < 0.

Droplet Interactions with Hot Surfaces: Boiling Modes, Leidenfrost Temperature, Dynamics, and Applications.

The interaction of droplets with high-temperature solid surfaces is critical in processes like machining cooling and internal combustion engine operations. As surface temperature rises, droplets transition through distinct boiling regimes: film evaporation, contact boiling, transition boiling, and film boiling. In the film boiling regime, droplets are suspended on a vapor layer formed by their evaporation, known as the Leidenfrost effect, which occurs above the Leidenfrost point-the minimum temperature for this phenomenon.

Propylene-Bridged Associative Bis(bipyridinium) Electrolytes for Long-Lifetime Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries.

Aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFBs) represent a potent technology in low-cost storage and grid-scale adoption of renewable electricity, whereas bipyridinium derivatives, the most extensively adopted anolyte, undergo diverse side reactions causing severe loss of battery lifetime. Here, we propose a strategy to promote the formation of intramolecular radical π dimers of reduced bipyridinium electrolytes and stabilize the radical intermediates during charge and discharge, resulting in significant improvements in battery lifetime. Density functional theory calculations reveal that proof-of-concept electrolytes, M-bisV and TMAP-bisV, demonstrate Gibbs free energy change of -101.

Cellulose nanocrystal composite films for contactless moisture-electric conversion.

The ability to convert moisture signals into electrical signals through contactless control underpins a wide range of applications, including health monitoring, disaster warning, and energy harvesting. Despite its potential, the effective utilization of low-grade energy remains challenging, as it often requires complex device architectures that limit scalability and integration, particularly in wearable technologies. Here, we present a soft, flexible moisture-electric converter made from cellulose nanocrystals and polyvinyl alcohol composite films, designed for a novel touchless interactive platform.

Adjusting Hirshfeld charge of TEMPO catholytes for stable all-organic aqueous redox flow batteries.

2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) derivatives are typical catholytes in aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFBs), but reported lifetime of them is limited. We find that the increase of Hirshfeld charge decreases the Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) values of side reactions of TEMPO, a near-linear relationship, and then exacerbates their degradation. Here we predict and synthesize a TEMPO derivative, namely TPP-TEMPO, by analyzing the Hirshfeld charge.

[Action mechanism of Huotu Jiji Pellets in the treatment of erectile dysfunction: An exploration based on network pharmacology and molecular docking].

Objective: To explore the potential action mechanism of Huotu Jiji Pellets (HJP) in the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) based on network pharmacology and molecular docking.

Methods: We identified the main effective compounds and active molecular targets of HJP from the database of Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) and Integrative Pharmacology-Based Research Platform of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCMIP) and the therapeutic target genes of ED from the databases of Genecards. Then we obtained the common targets of HJP and ED using the Venny software, constructed a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of HJP acting on ED, and screened out the core targets with the Cytoscape software.

Multibioinspired Hybrid Superwetting Surface for Efficient Fog Collection and Power Generation.

Obtaining water and renewable energy from the atmosphere provides a potential solution to the growing energy shortage. Leveraging the synergistic inspiration from desert beetles, cactus spines, and rice leaves, here, a multibioinspired hybrid wetting rod (HWR) is prepared through simple solution immersion and laser etching, which endows an efficient water collection from the atmosphere. Importantly, benefiting from the bionic asymmetric pattern design and the three-dimensional structure, the HWR possesses an omnidirectional fog collection with a rate of up to 23 g cm h.

Bionic dual-scale structured films for efficient passive radiative cooling accompanied by robust durability.

Passive radiative cooling (PRC), as an energy-free cooling approach, is ingeniously harnessed for certain natural organisms to withstand extreme high-temperature climates, which has inspired numerous bionic designs. However, it is a great challenge to enhance the durability of the designed materials in practical scenarios while inheriting the natural biological principles. We demonstrate bionic dual-scale structured (BDSS) films for efficient passive radiative cooling accompanied by robust durability after discovering the excellent thermoregulatory properties of the inner surface of Hawaiian scallop shell.

A fabric-based hydrovoltaic electricity generator with multi-component carbon black for sustainable energy output.

Water evaporation-induced electricity generators are considered a promising green energy-harvesting technology to alleviate the increasingly serious fossil energy crisis. Previous water evaporation-induced electricity generators mainly focused on single component carbon black, limiting the improvements in energy output. At present, there are relatively few studies on multi-component carbon black for improving electricity-generation performance.

The chromosome-level genome and functional database accelerate research about biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in Rosa roxburghii.

Rosa roxburghii Tratt, a valuable plant in China with long history, is famous for its fruit. It possesses various secondary metabolites, such as L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C), alkaloids and poly saccharides, which make it a high nutritional and medicinal value. Here we characterized the chromosome-level genome sequence of R.

[Exploring the mechanisms of ferroptosis in non-obstructive azoospermia based on bioinformatics and machine learning].

Objective: To explor the potential mechanisms of ferroptosis involvement in non-obstructive azoospermia based on bioinformatics and machine learning methods.

Methods: To obtain disease-related datasets and ferroptosis-related genes, we utilized the GEO database and FerrDb database, respectively. Using the R software, the disease dataset was subjected to normalization, differential analysis, and GO and KEGG enrichment analysis.

NEW PREDICTIVE BIOMARKERS FOR SCREENING COVID-19 PATIENTS WITH RHABDOMYOLYSIS IN COMBINATION WITH CYSTATIN C.

Purpose: Cystatin C (CysC) has been linked to the prognosis of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The study aims to investigate a predictor correlated with CysC screening for poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients combined with skeletal muscle (SKM) impairment and rhabdomyolysis (RM). Methods: A single-center retrospective cohort analysis was carried out.

Dark red tongue color formation caused by hyperglycemia is attributed to decreased blood flow of tongue tissue partially due to nuclear factor-kappa B pathway activation.

Objective: To investigate the potential mechanisms underlying the dark red tongue color formation induced by hyperglycemia.

Methods: A high-fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin were used to establish a diabetes model. The color and blood flow of tongues were analyzed by the Tongue Diagnosis Analysis System and laser Doppler flowmetry, respectively.

Versatile bubble maneuvering on photopyroelectric slippery surfaces.

Contactless bubble manipulation with a high spatiotemporal resolution brings a qualitative leap forward in a variety of applications. Despite considerable advances, light-induced bubble maneuvering remains challenging in terms of robust transportation, splitting and detachment. Here, a photopyroelectric slippery surface (PESS) with a sandwich structure is constructed to achieve the versatile bubble manipulation.

Prognostic value of initial routine laboratory blood tests in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage requiring mechanical ventilation: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) necessitating mechanical ventilation (MV) presents a serious challenge for intensivists. Laboratory blood tests reflect individual physiological and biochemical states, and provide a useful tool for identifying patients with critical condition and stratifying risk levels of death. This study aimed to determine the prognostic role of initial routine laboratory blood tests in these patients.

Guidongnins I-J: Two New 6,7--7,20-Olide--kaurene Diterpenes with Unusual Structures from .

Two undescribed -kaurene diterpenes, named guidongnins I () and J (), were isolated from the medicinal plant . Compound was determined to contain an unprecedented 23 carbons in the skeleton by bearing an extra isopropyl group at C-17 out of the diterpenoid parent structure, and compound was the first example of 6,7--7,20-olide--kaurenes with two fused-tetrahydrofuran rings formed between C-6 and C-19/C-20 through oxygen bridges. Their structures, including their absolute configurations, were determined using the analyses of the spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction data.

Efficient Passive Daytime Radiative Cooling by Hierarchically Designed Films Integrating Robust Durability.

Surfaces with efficient passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) are underpinned by maximizing both solar reflection and thermal radiation to the outer space at no additional energy cost. Despite notable progress, their practical applications are of great challenge due to their complicated fabrication processes, easy contamination and damage, and high costs. Herein, we fabricate a hierarchically designed passive daytime radiative cooling film (HPRF) comprising cost-effective AlO particles and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) via a simple phase separation method.

An electrothermal platform for active droplet manipulation.

The smart control of droplet transport through surface structures and external fields provides exciting opportunities in engineering fields of phase change heat transfer, biomedical chips, and energy harvesting. Here we report the wedge-shaped slippery lubricant-infused porous surface (WS-SLIPS) as an electrothermal platform for active droplet manipulation. WS-SLIPS is fabricated by infusing a wedge-shaped superhydrophobic aluminum plate with phase-changeable paraffin.

Acquired heat acclimation in rats subjected to physical exercise under environmental heat stress alleviates brain injury caused by exertional heat stroke.

Exertional heatstroke (EHS) is an emergency with a high mortality rate, characterized by central nervous system dysfunctions. This study aims to establish a Heat acclimation/acclimatization (HA) rat model in locomotion to recapitulate the physical state of human in severe environment of high temperature and humidity, and investigate the mechanism of organism protection in HA. (2) Methods: Wistar rats were exposed to 36 °C and ran 2 h/d for 21 days, acquired thermal tolerance test was conducted to assess the thermotolerance and exercise ability.

Ultrasonic tweezer for multifunctional droplet manipulation.

Spatiotemporally controllable droplet manipulation is essential in diverse applications, ranging from thermal management to microfluidics and water harvesting. Despite considerable advances, droplet manipulation without surface or droplet pretreatment is still challenging in terms of response and functional adaptability. Here, a droplet ultrasonic tweezer (DUT) based on phased array is proposed for versatile droplet manipulation.