Enhancement of spin-orbit interaction and nearly perfect spin-reversed efficiency in a one-dimensional photonic crystal containing an anisotropic defect.

Although the defect modes of photonic crystals (PhCs) have been intensively investigated to enhance the interactions between light and special materials, e.g., nonlinear material for switches or gain material for lasers, the enhancement of photonic spin-orbit interaction (SOI) by the defect modes has not been well studied so far.

PhyloScape: interactive and scalable visualization platform for phylogenetic trees.

Background: With the accumulation of phylogenomic data and the growing demand for bioinformatics analyses, it has become increasingly important and complex to construct evolutionary relationships for different research purposes. Therefore, the ability to support multiple scenarios has become an essential need for phylogenetic visualization.

Results: In this study, we present PhyloScape, a web-based application for interactive visualization of phylogenetic trees that can be used stand-alone or as a toolkit deployed on the users' website.

Morphological adaptation strategy of invasive plant seed distributed along rivers is closely related to soil nutrients.

Rivers are crucial in the spread of invasive plants. Invasive plants alter their seed traits to adapt to environmental changes and promote invasion. Studying the trait changes in invasive plant seeds may improve the understanding of their propagation mechanisms along the river and provide appropriate control measures.

Comparison of Meltpro Myco Assay with MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry for rapid and accurate detection of clinical Mycobacterium Species.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the performance of the MeltPro Myco assay with that of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for detecting nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTMs) from clinical isolates and samples.

Method: A total of 308 suspected NTM isolates from sputum or BALF samples of patients with pulmonary diseases were retrospectively analyzed. DNA sequencing was used as the gold standard method.

Study on surface quality of GH4169 superalloy milling with ultrasonic synergistic nanofluid minimal quantity lubrication.

GH4169 superalloy is extensively utilized in aerospace applications due to their exceptional high-temperature strength and oxidation resistance properties. However, its high hardness presents significant machining challenges, including rapid tool wear and poor surface quality. This study introduces ultrasonic synergistic nanofluid minimal quantity lubrication milling (USNMQLM) technology to address these machining difficulties and enhance surface integrity.

scCompass: An Integrated Multi-Species scRNA-seq Database for AI-Ready.

Emerging single-cell sequencing technology has generated large amounts of data, allowing analysis of cellular dynamics and gene regulation at the single-cell resolution. Advances in artificial intelligence enhance life sciences research by delivering critical insights and optimizing data analysis processes. However, inconsistent data processing quality and standards remain to be a major challenge.

Selective Recognition and Extraction of Short-Chain Perfluoroalkyl Carboxylates by a Supramolecular Receptor.

A supramolecular receptor for short-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylates was developed. The receptor displays a cage-like geometry, with a defined binding site for the carboxylate head groups and an opening for the perfluoroalkyl side chains. The anionic guests are bound via multiple CH···O hydrogen bonds, as revealed by the crystallographic analysis of an adduct between the receptor and trifluoroacetate.

Investigation of Machining Characteristics and Parameter Optimization for Laser-Assisted Milling of CF/PEEK Composites.

Carbon fiber/polyether ether ketone (CF/PEEK) is widely used in aerospace, transportation, and other high-end industries for its light weight, high strength, and recyclability. However, its inherently brittle-ductile two-phase structure presents challenges in processing CF/PEEK. This paper introduces a laser-assisted milling method, wherein four types of CF/PEEK unidirectional plates (0°, 45°, 90°, and 135°) are milled under varying laser powers and spindle speeds.

Study of the Material Removal Mechanism and Surface Damage in Laser-Assisted Milling of CF/PEEK.

Carbon-fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone (CF/PEEK) composites are being increasingly used in aerospace, biomedical, and other industries due to their superior mechanical properties. However, CF/PEEK structural components require secondary processing after curing and molding to meet connection and assembly precision requirements. This process, however, often results in defects such as burrs and pits, which significantly compromise the mechanical performance and assembly quality of the structural components.

Hyperglycemic milieu impairs Vγ9Vδ2 T cell functions in tuberculosis patients and prolongs M.tb negative conversion time.

γδ T cells play protective roles in tuberculosis (TB). Our work demonstrated the therapeutic potential of allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in TB patients. However, their functions in TB require further comprehensive evaluation.

Optimization of Fermentation Process of and Evaluation of Acute Toxicity of Protein Extract in Mice.

The seeds of , a high-quality vegetable protein source, encounter application limitations due to their high molecular weight and anti-nutritional factors. This study focused on optimizing the fermentation process by investigating key parameters such as inoculation amount, inoculation ratio, material-to-liquid ratio, fermentation temperature, and fermentation time. Both single-factor experiments and response surface methodology were used to determine the optimal conditions.

Bioaugmentation strategies in co-composting anaerobically digested food waste with agricultural by-products: Enhancing fertilizer quality and microbial communities.

Effective management of urban solid waste is critical for achieving sustainable development goals. One key aspect of this challenge is the recycling of anaerobically digested residues from anaerobic digestion of food waste, which plays a pivotal role in promoting sustainability. However, there is a gap in understanding the feasibility and effectiveness of converting these digested residues into valuable fertilizers through composting.

Advances in Highly Ductile Concrete Research.

In recent years, high-ductility concrete (HDC) has gradually become popular in the construction industry because of its excellent ductility and crack resistance. Concrete itself is a kind of building material with poor tensile properties, and it is necessary to add a large number of steel bars to improve its tensile properties, which increases the construction cost of buildings. However, most of the research studies on high-ductility concrete are scattered.

Single molecule measurements of microRNAs in the serum of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.

Background: microRNAs (miRNAs) were recognized as a promising source of diagnostic biomarker. Herein, we aim to evaluate the performance of an ultrasensitive method for detecting serum miRNAs using single molecule arrays (Simoa).

Methods: In this study, candidate miRNAs were trained and tested by RT-qPCR in a cohort of PTB patients.

Mesoporous metal-organic framework NH-MIL-101(Cr) as an efficient photocatalyst for the epoxidation of styrene.

Oxidation of styrene is a key reaction in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals, and therefore oxidizing styrene with selective, efficient, and recyclable heterogeneous catalysts is significant from an environmental and economic standpoint. In this study, we report the transition Cr-based metal-organic framework [NH-MIL-101(Cr)] as a heterogeneous photocatalyst, which efficiently promotes styrene epoxidation using HO as a green oxidant, achieving high conversion efficiency (98%) and excellent selectivity (82%) under ambient conditions. Radical detection and quenching experiments reveal that the superoxide radical anion (O˙) acts as an active oxygen species, selectively promoting the oxidation of styrene to its oxidized form.

Effect of Graphene Oxide on the Electrothermal and Pressure-Sensitive Properties of Carbon Fiber Cementitious Composites.

The application of carbon fiber in cement matrix has some disadvantages, such as poor dispersion and poor interfacial adhesion. In order to improve the interaction between carbon fiber and cement matrix and improve the properties of cement-based composites, carbon fiber was modified by electrophoretic deposition of nano-graphene oxide (GO). In this paper, the effects of doping CF into the cement matrix before and after GO modification are studied comparatively in terms of electrical conductivity, electrothermal warming effect, and pressure-sensitive properties of the cement matrix.

The alleviating effect of Phillygenin on the regulation of respiratory microbiota and its metabolites in IBV-infected broilers by inhibiting the TLR7/MyD88/NF-κB axis.

Phillygenin (PHI) is an active ingredient derived from the leaf of Forsythia suspensa that has been found to alleviate inflammation and peroxidation response. Avian infectious bronchitis (IB) is a major threat to poultry industry viral respiratory tract disease that infected with infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). This study investigated the protection of PHI to CEK cell and broiler's tracheal injury triggered by avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV).

Mechanical Properties and Microanalytical Study of Concrete Reinforced with Blended Corn Straw and Scrap Steel Fibers.

Fiber concrete exhibits superior performance in various aspects compared to plain concrete and has been widely researched and applied worldwide. However, many industrially made fibers are expensive, and their cost has to be considered before use; thus, it would be economically valuable to find inexpensive fibers with excellent properties to make fiber concrete. Rural areas have many rich straw resources to be disposed of; at the same time, the rapid development of the automobile industry has introduced a large number of used tires containing steel wire with a very low reuse rate.

A Simplified Analytical Model for Strip Buckling in the Pressure-Assisted Milling Process.

A simplified column-buckling model is developed to understand the buckling mechanism of thin-walled strips restrained by uniform lateral pressure in the milling process. The strip is simplified as two rigid columns connected by a rotation spring, resting on a smooth surface, restrained by a uniform pressure and loaded by an axial force. Two loading cases are considered, i.

Refining computational inference of gene regulatory networks: integrating knockout data within a multi-task framework.

Constructing accurate gene regulatory network s (GRNs), which reflect the dynamic governing process between genes, is critical to understanding the diverse cellular process and unveiling the complexities in biological systems. With the development of computer sciences, computational-based approaches have been applied to the GRNs inference task. However, current methodologies face challenges in effectively utilizing existing topological information and prior knowledge of gene regulatory relationships, hindering the comprehensive understanding and accurate reconstruction of GRNs.

Study on the Damage of Fiber-Reinforced Seawater Sea Sand Concrete by Freezing and Thawing of Seawater.

The use of seawater and sea sand as replacements for fresh water and river sand in the preparation of seawater and sea sand concrete can effectively address issues such as high transportation costs, extended construction periods, and resource wastage. Nevertheless, in northern coastal areas, the problem of concrete durability in the complex and changing marine environment is more prominent. Research on the durability of seawater sea sand concrete is beneficial to the widening of its application range.

The antioxidant activity and metabolomic analysis of the supernatant of Streptococcus alactolyticus strain FGM.

Strain-specific probiotics can present antioxidant activity and reduce damage caused by oxidation. Streptococcus alactolyticus strain FGM (S. alactolyticus strain FGM) isolated from the chicken cecum shows potential probiotic properties which have been previously demonstrated.