Ag⁺-Mediated Structural Reconstruction of a Metastable Cu Cluster Toward Cu-Ag Heterometallic Architectures for Superior Electrocatalytic CO-to-Ethanol Conversion.

Controlled structural transformations of metal nanoclusters (NCs) via dynamic bond reorganization provide fundamental insights into cluster reactivity and open avenues for functionality tuning. Here, we report a thiacalix[4]arene-protected Cu(I)-alkynide cluster, {NaCu(TC4A)(Ph-C≡C)} (Cu), which exhibits remarkable structural plasticity. This metastable cluster can grow into a Cu species via ion substitution or undergo thermal-induced fragmentation to form a smaller Cu cluster.

Construction of an early childhood caries risk prediction model based on the oral microbiome: a nested case‒control study.

Background: Research on dental caries risk prediction models that integrate socio-demographics, oral health behaviors, and oral microbiota remains insufficient. The present study aimed to compare differences in socio-demographics, oral health behaviors, and oral microbial diversity among preschoolers with different levels of ECC progression and to construct a caries risk prediction model to prevent the occurrence and development of ECC in young children.

Methods: A nested case-control study was conducted in a prospective cohort study to follow up preschoolers from 36 months to 48 months of age.

Morpho-Molecular Discordance and Cryptic Diversity in Jumping Bristletails: A Mitogenomic Analysis of (Insecta: Archaeognatha: Machilidae).

Archaeognatha (bristletails) represent an evolutionarily significant but understudied insect group. Notably, the morphological identification method proposed by Mendes for Archaeognatha has certain limitations, which may lead to the underestimation or misidentification of some cryptic species. To address this issue, we employed an integrated strategy that combines morphological and molecular identification methods.

Development and validation of the social frailty scale for the older adult in China.

Objectives: Existing social frailty instruments are not tailored to the linguistic and cultural characteristics of Chinese-speaking patients; a version addressing this gap will increase clinical understanding of their healthcare experience and may help guide social frailty. To develop a Chinese version of a Social Frailty Scale (CVSFS) for the older adult and to examine the psychometric properties of this instrument.

Method: Based on the recommendations of the COSMIN guidelines, the scale development inclued three phases: development of the initial scale, optimisation of scale items, and validation test for scale.

Transcriptome-Based Mining of the Strong Promoters for Hyperproduction of Gibberellin GA3 in .

Gibberellin GA3 is a plant growth regulator with significant applications in agriculture, and has gained attention as an excellent host for the industrial production of GA3. Although numerous gene-editing tools have been developed, the precise metabolic flux regulation in was significantly hindered because the endogenous promoters were rarely identified. In this study, a library containing 20 potential promoters was mined and constructed for the first time through transcriptome sequencing.

TAK1 at the crossroads of multiple regulated cell death pathways: from molecular mechanisms to human diseases.

Regulated cell death (RCD), the form of cell death that can be genetically controlled by multiple signaling pathways, plays an important role in organogenesis, tissue remodeling, and maintenance of organism homeostasis and is closely associated with various human diseases. Transforming growth factor-beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) is a member of the serine/threonine protein kinase family, which can respond to different internal and external stimuli and participate in inflammatory and immune responses. Emerging evidence suggests that TAK1 is an important regulator at the crossroad of multiple RCD pathways, including apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and PANoptosis.

Immunoproteasome subunits are novel signatures for predicting efficacy of immunotherapy in muscle invasive bladder cancer.

Background: How to select muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) patients who are sensitive to immunotherapy is an unmet medical need. This study aimed to explore the role of immunoproteasome subunits as a novel signature for predicting efficacy of immunotherapy in MIBC.

Methods: The expression profile of immunoproteasome subunits of MIBC and normal tissues was evaluated from data of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and of the Chongqing University Cancer Hospital (CQUCH) cohort.

Galloflavin mitigates acute kidney injury by suppressing LDHA-dependent macrophage glycolysis.

Macrophage-mediated inflammation is closely linked to the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury (AKI) and the shift of macrophages to a pro-inflammatory phenotype being reliant on glycolytic metabolism. Galloflavin, a polyphenol derived from tea, functions as a lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) inhibitor, effectively obstructing glycolytic metabolic pathways. However, the specific immunometabolic regulatory functions of galloflavin in macrophages remain unclear.

P2YR antagonists in antithrombotic therapy: a patent and literature review (2019-present).

Introduction: P2Y receptor (P2YR) is a G protein-coupled receptor that plays a crucial role in regulating platelet activation and aggregation. P2YR is involved in various processes such as renal fibrosis, cancer, ischemic disease, and related complications, making it an appealing target for therapeutic interventions. Over the past decade, the discovery and development of P2YR antagonists have significantly advanced, offering novel treatment options that improve clinical outcomes.

Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of Carbohydrate-Binding Modules in .

is the causative agent of both maize stem rot and leaf blight, which are among the most damaging diseases affecting maize. Carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) are protein domains that lack catalytic activity and are commonly found alongside carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes in fungi. A comprehensive examination of the TZ-3 genome resulted in the identification of 83 () genes, which are characterized by distinct gene structures and protein motifs.

Exploring using HBsAg to predict interferon treatment course to achieve clinical cure in chronic hepatitis B patients: a clinical study.

Objective: Although pegylated interferon α-2b (PEG-IFN α-2b) therapy for chronic hepatitis B has received increasing attention, determining the optimal treatment course remains challenging. This research aimed to develop an efficient model for predicting interferon (IFN) treatment course.

Methods: Patients with chronic hepatitis B, undergoing PEG-IFN α-2b monotherapy or combined with NAs (Nucleoside Analogs), were recruited from January 2018 to December 2023 at Tianjin Third Central Hospital.

Distinct Behavioural and Brain Response Profiles Between Arithmetic Word Problem Solving and Sentence Comprehension in Third and Fourth Graders.

Word problems are essential for math learning and education, bridging numerical knowledge with real-world applications. Despite their importance, the neural mechanisms underlying word problem solving, especially in children, remain poorly understood. Here, we examine children's cognitive and brain response profiles for arithmetic word problems (AWPs), which involve one-step mathematical operations, and compare them with nonarithmetic word problems (NWPs), structured as parallel narratives without numerical operations.

[Metabolites differences between plaque biofilms of children with different levels of dental caries].

Purpose: To explore the differences between plaque biofilms of children with different caries activities via metabolomics.

Methods: A case-control study was conducted to investigate the oral health-related behaviors of children in caries-free (CF), low level of early childhood caries(LECC) and high level of early childhood caries (HECC) groups and to collect supragingival plaque biofilms. Untargeted metabolomics was used to detect the compositions of plaque biofilm metabolites in three groups.

Bibliometric and visualized analysis on global trends and hotspots of TAK1 in regulated cell death: 1999 to 2024.

Background: Regulated cell death (RCD) is a genetically controlled form of cell death that plays an important role in organogenesis, tissue remodeling, and pathogenesis of cancers. Transforming growth factor-beta-activation kinase 1 (TAK1) is a member of the serine/threonine protein kinase family, which can respond to internal and external stimuli and participate in inflammatory responses through multiple signaling pathways and cellular processes. In the last two decades, the regulatory roles of TAK1 at the crossroads of multiple RCD pathways, including apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and PANoptosis were revealed by 801 articles retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database.

In Situ Oxidative Ring-Opening of Calix[8]arene to Construct Stable Bismuth-Oxo Clusters with Exposed Catalytic Sites for Specific Electroreduction of CO to HCOOH.

Nanocluster catalysts typically face challenges in balancing stability with catalytic efficiency. This study introduces a unique bismuth-oxo cluster, solely protected by two ring-opened calixarenes, which demonstrates not only enhanced structural stability but also superior catalytic performance in the sustained conversion of CO to HCOOH via electrocatalysis. For the first time, we reveal that under specific solvothermal conditions, -butylcalix[8]arene (TBC[8]) can undergo in situ oxidative cleavage of its C-C bond, leading to ring-opened polyphenolic molecules.

Advancements in calixarene-protected titanium-oxo clusters: from structural assembly to catalytic functionality.

This review explores calixarenes, a prominent family of third-generation supramolecules celebrated for their distinct hollow, cavity-shaped structures. These macrocycles are intricately assembled by linking multiple phenolic units orthogonally through methylene (-CH-), sulfur (-S-), or sulfonyl (-SO-) bridges. This structural framework plays a pivotal role in the intricate assembly of nanoclusters, significantly advancing the field of cluster chemistry.

Ameliorates Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism Disorders in Diabetic Mice by Regulating Bile Acid Metabolism via the Gut-Liver Axis.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic syndrome characterized by chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, and islet cell damage. The prevention of T2DM and its associated complications is an urgent public health issue that affects hundreds of millions of people globally. Numerous studies suggest that disturbances in gut metabolites are important driving forces for the pathogenesis of diabetes.

Increased adrenal steroidogenesis and suppressed corticosteroid responsiveness in critical COVID-19.

Background: The effect of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on adrenal endocrine metabolism in critically ill patients remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the alterations in adrenal steroidogenic activity, elucidate underlying mechanisms, provide in situ histopathological evidence, and examine the clinical implications.

Methods: The comparative analyses of the adrenal cortices from 24 patients with fatal COVID-19 and 20 matched controls were performed, excluding patients previously treated with glucocorticoids.

Evidence-based practice attitudes, knowledge and skills of nursing students and nurses, a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aim/objective: This study aims to carry out a meta-analysis of attitudes, knowledge, and skills level of nursing students and nurses in EBP, providing a reference for optimizing EBP education strategies.

Background: At present, no meta-analysis has been performed to quantitatively synthesize the attitudes, knowledge and skill levels of nursing students and nurses toward EBP. This makes it difficult to precisely identify the true level of EBP among nurses, implying that there is no evidence to support the adoption of EBP teaching strategies approaches.

Disorganized adrenocortical zonational structure in COVID-19 patients: Implications of critical illness duration.

Aberrant adrenal function has been frequently reported in COVID-19 patients, but histopathological evidence remains limited. This retrospective autopsy study aims to scrutinize the impact of COVID-19 duration on adrenocortical zonational architecture and peripheral corticosteroid reactivity. The adrenal glands procured from 15 long intensive care unit (ICU)-stay COVID-19 patients, 9 short ICU-stay COVID-19 patients, and 20 matched controls.