Removal of sulfonamide antibiotics by non-free radical dominated peroxymonosulfate oxidation catalyzed by cobalt-doped sulfur-containing biochar from sludge.

The reuse of activated sludge as a solid waste is severely underutilized due to the limitations of traditional treatment and disposal methods. Given that, the sulfur-containing activated sludge catalyst doped with cobalt (SK-Co(1.0)) was successfully prepared by one-step pyrolysis and calcinated at 850 ℃.

Kinetic Characterization and Inhibitor Screening of Pyruvate Kinase I From .

The apicomplexan is a main pathogenic parasite causing human babesiosis, which is one of the most widely distributed tick-borne diseases in humans. Pyruvate kinase (PYK) plays a central metabolic regulatory role in most living organisms and catalyzes the essentially irreversible step in glycolysis that converts phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to pyruvate. Hence, PYK is recognized as an attractive therapeutic target in cancer and human pathogens such as apicomplexans.

Recombinase polymerase amplification lateral flow dipstick (RPA-LF) detection of Babesia orientalis in water buffalo (Bubalus babalis, Linnaeus, 1758).

Babesiosis caused by Babesia orientalis, an intraerythrocytic apicomplexan protozoan, is one of the most important diseases for water buffalo in central and southern China, leading to huge economic losses, and its main diagnostic method is microscopic examination. In this study, a recombinase polymerase amplification - lateral flow dipstick (RPA-LF) assay, targeting the mitochondrial COXI gene of B. orientalis, was developed to detect B.

Erythrocyte Adhesion of Merozoite Surface Antigen 2c1 Expressed During Extracellular Stages of .

, a major infectious agent of water buffalo hemolytic babesiosis, is transmitted by . However, no effective vaccine is available. Essential antigens that are involved in parasite invasion of host red blood cells (RBCs) are potential vaccine candidates.

Recombinase polymerase amplification with lateral flow strip for detecting Babesia microti infections.

Babesia microti is one of the most important pathogens causing humans and rodents babesiosis-an emerging tick-borne disease that occurs worldwide. At present, the gold standard for the detection of Babesia is the microscopic examination of blood smears, but this diagnostic test has several limitations. The recombinase polymerase amplification with lateral flow (LF-RPA) assay targeting the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (cox I) gene of B.

Characterization of the variable merozoite surface antigen (VMSA) gene family of Babesia orientalis.

Due to its wide presence in apicomplexan parasites as well as high polymorphism and antigenic diversity, the variable merozoite surface antigen (VMSA) family in Babesia sp. has attracted increasing attention of researchers. Here, all the reported VMSA genes of Babesia spp.

Inhibitory Effects of Fosmidomycin Against .

, the main pathogen causing human babesiosis, has been reported to exhibit resistance to the traditional treatment of azithromycin + atovaquone and clindamycin + quinine, suggesting the necessity of developing new drugs. The methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway, a unique pathway in apicomplexan parasites, was shown to play a crucial function in the growth of . In the MEP pathway, 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR) is a rate-limiting enzyme and fosmidomycin (FSM) is a reported inhibitor for this enzyme.

Identification and characterizations of a rhoptries neck protein 5 (BoRON5) in Babesia orientalis.

Babesiosis caused by Babesia orientalis is one of the most serious parasitic diseases of water buffalo in the central and south part of China. Rhoptry neck proteins (RONs) are very important protein components to form a complex moving junction (MJ) which mainly participate in the invasion processes in apicomplexan parasites. Aimed to the further investigation of the function of BoRON proteins in B.

Identifying the Naphthalene-Based Compound 3,5-Dihydroxy 2-Napthoic Acid as a Novel Lead Compound for Designing Lactate Dehydrogenase-Specific Antibabesial Drug.

Human babesiosis is caused by apicomplexan parasites, including , , sp. MOI, , , and . Among them, is the most common cause of human and rodent babesiosis.

Surface Antigen 1 Is a Crucial Secreted Protein That Mediates Invasion Into Host Cells.

, a tick-borne intraerythrocytic zoonotic protozoan, causes most of human babesiosis in the world, and patients usually experience intermittent fever, fatigue, and chills, followed by a combination of additional symptoms and even death in severe cases. Unfortunately, there is no curable drug or effective vaccine available, and the mechanism of related virulence factors in invasion to host cells during the merozoite stage is unclear. Here, we evaluated a secreted protein annotated as surface antigen 1 (BmSA1) and identified from culture supernatant by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).

Evaluation of GPI-anchored Protein 47 (BgGPI47-WH) as a Potential Diagnostic Antigen by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay.

is one of the important pathogens causing severe incurable canine babesiosis, suggesting the necessity to develop a sensitive, specific, and highly automated diagnostic method for clinical application. Surface proteins are ideal candidates for diagnostic targets because they are the primary targets for host immune responses during host-parasite interactions. Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins are abundant on the surface of parasites and play an important role in parasite diagnosis.

Crystal structures of lactate dehydrogenase BmLDH reveal a critical role for Arg99 in catalysis.

The tick- and transfusion-transmitted human pathogen infects host erythrocytes to cause the pathologic symptoms associated with human babesiosis, an emerging disease with worldwide distribution and potentially fatal clinical outcome. Drugs currently recommended for the treatment of babesiosis are associated with a high failure rate and significant adverse events, highlighting the urgent need for more-effective and safer babesiosis therapies. Unlike other apicomplexan parasites, lacks a canonical lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) but instead expresses a unique enzyme, LDH (BmLDH), acquired through evolution by horizontal transfer from a mammalian host.

Identification and molecular characterization of a novel Babesia orientalis thrombospondin-related anonymous protein (BoTRAP1).

Background: The thrombospondin-related anonymous protein (TRAP) family, a kind of transmembrane protein, is widely distributed with a conserved feature of structure in all apicomplexan parasites and plays a crucial role in the gliding motility and survival of parasites.

Methods: The Babesia orientalis TRAP1 gene (BoTRAP1) was truncated and cloned into a pET-42b expression vector and expressed as a GST-tag fusion protein with a TEV protease site. Rabbit anti-rBoTRAP1 antibody was produced and purified using a protein A chromatography column.

Comparative proteome analysis between C . briggsae embryos and larvae reveals a role of chromatin modification proteins in embryonic cell division.

Caenorhabditis briggsae has emerged as a model for comparative biology against model organism C. elegans. Most of its cell fate specifications are completed during embryogenesis whereas its cell growth is achieved mainly in larval stages.

piggyBac mediates efficient in vivo CRISPR library screening for tumorigenesis in mice.

CRISPR/Cas9 is becoming an increasingly important tool to functionally annotate genomes. However, because genome-wide CRISPR libraries are mostly constructed in lentiviral vectors, in vivo applications are severely limited as a result of difficulties in delivery. Here, we examined the piggyBac (PB) transposon as an alternative vehicle to deliver a guide RNA (gRNA) library for in vivo screening.

Timing of Tissue-specific Cell Division Requires a Differential Onset of Zygotic Transcription during Metazoan Embryogenesis.

Metazoan development demands not only precise cell fate differentiation but also accurate timing of cell division to ensure proper development. How cell divisions are temporally coordinated during development is poorly understood. Caenorhabditis elegans embryogenesis provides an excellent opportunity to study this coordination due to its invariant development and widespread division asynchronies.

Systems-level quantification of division timing reveals a common genetic architecture controlling asynchrony and fate asymmetry.

Coordination of cell division timing is crucial for proper cell fate specification and tissue growth. However, the differential regulation of cell division timing across or within cell types during metazoan development remains poorly understood. To elucidate the systems-level genetic architecture coordinating division timing, we performed a high-content screening for genes whose depletion produced a significant reduction in the asynchrony of division between sister cells (ADS) compared to that of wild-type during Caenorhabditis elegans embryogenesis.

Collaborative regulation of development but independent control of metabolism by two epidermis-specific transcription factors in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Cell fate specification is typically initiated by a master regulator, which is relayed by tissue-specific regulatory proteins (usually transcription factors) for further enforcement of cell identities, but how the factors are coordinated among each other to "finish up" the specification remains poorly understood. Caenorhabditis elegans epidermis specification is initiated by a master regulator, ELT-1, that activates its targets, NHR-25 and ELT-3, two epidermis-specific transcription factors that are important for development but not for initial specification of epidermis, thus providing a unique paradigm for illustrating how the tissue-specific regulatory proteins work together to enforce cell fate specification. Here we addressed the question through contrasting genome-wide in vivo binding targets between NHR-25 and ELT-3.

Functional characterisation of cell cycle-related kinase (CCRK) in colorectal cancer carcinogenesis.

Cell cycle-related kinase (CCRK) is a newly identified protein kinase homologous to Cdk7. We have previously shown that CCRK is a candidate oncogene in human glioblastoma. However, whether CCRK is a bona fide oncogene remains to be tested.

Cell cycle-related kinase: a novel candidate oncogene in human glioblastoma.

Background: Median survival for patients with glioblastoma multiforme, the most aggressive glioma, is only 12-15 months, despite multimodal treatment that includes surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Thus, identification of genes that control the progression of glioblastoma multiforme is crucial for devising new therapies. We investigated the involvement of cell cycle-related kinase (CCRK), a novel protein kinase that is homologous to cyclin-dependent kinase 7, in glioblastoma multiforme carcinogenesis.

Suppression of FHL2 expression induces cell differentiation and inhibits gastric and colon carcinogenesis.

Background And Aims: FHL2 (4-1/2 LIM protein 2) is an adapter and modifier in protein interactions that is expressed mainly in the heart and ovary. It functions in a cell type- or promoter-specific manner. The aims of this study were to examine its expression in gastrointestinal cancers and to determine its role in cell differentiation and tumorigenesis.

All-trans retinoic acid induces XAF1 expression through an interferon regulatory factor-1 element in colon cancer.

Background & Aims: X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP)-associated factor 1 (XAF1) is a novel tumor suppressor and interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) exerts an antiproliferative effect on tumor cells through up-regulation of IFN regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) and the downstream IFN-stimulated genes. The aim of this study was to determine the effect and mechanism of ATRA on XAF1 expression and the role of XAF1 in ATRA-induced growth inhibition in colon cancer.