A scalable codec for bone-conducted speech based on generative and diffusion models.

In extremely noisy communication scenarios, the bone-conducted microphone (BCM) speech codec is often combined with speech bandwidth extension to improve the BCM speech quality. However, this tandem approach leads to a complex system architecture. To address the problem, a scalable codec for BCM speech based on generative and diffusion probabilistic models is proposed in this paper.

The pyranocoumarin-enriched extract from the leaves of Calophyllum membranaceum alleviates LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice by inhibiting the TLR4/MD2 interaction.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a pulmonary inflammatory response caused by various factors, with higher morbidity and mortality. Pyranochromone derivatives isolated from Calophyllum membranaceum exhibit significant anti-inflammatory effects; however, their molecular targets and in vivo therapeutic potential for ALI remain unexplored. In this study, we obtained a pyranochromone-enriched extract (PEC) from C.

Avian diversity and spatial-temporal distribution pattern of dominant species in Baqing County, Tibet.

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, called the "Third Pole of the Earth", is a typical region with rich avian resources due to its unique geographical environment and climatic characteristics. From August 2023 to May 2024, avian diversity was monitored with infrared camera trapping and transect surveys in Baqing County of the Three-River-Source National Park. A total of 81 bird species in 14 orders and 32 families were surveyed.

Comparative Analysis of Directional Snare vs Cutting Seton for High Anal Fistula Treatment.

BACKGROUND The cutting seton (CS) method uses a suture knot placed in the track of an anal fistula around the anal sphincter, which is tied using tension. This study aimed to compare outcomes in 60 patients with high anal fistula treated with a disposable directional snare or CS method. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty patients with high anal fistula were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups, with 30 patients in each group.

Rational design of Ag@AgCl/g-CN/zeolite composite with significantly enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity for tetracycline degradation and hydrogen evolution.

In the case of increasingly scarce global energy resources and worsening environmental problems, it is particularly important to explore effective ways to alleviate the environmental and energy crises. In this paper, a ternary Ag@AgCl/g-CN/zeolite photocatalyst was prepared for effective degradation of tetracycline (TC) and H production under visible light. Under visible light irradiation, the Ag@AgCl/g-CN/zeolite-25 photocatalyst demonstrates a remarkable degradation efficiency of 97.

Quantum correlations of spontaneous two-photon emission from a quantum dot.

Spontaneous two-photon emission (STPE) is a second-order quantum radiation process with implications in astrophysics, atomic physics and quantum technology. In particular, on-demand STPE from single quantum emitters has long been predicted to revolutionize photonic quantum science and technology. Here we report STPE with brightness comparable to that of competing single-photon radiation from a single semiconductor quantum dot deterministically coupled to a high-quality micropillar cavity.

RiceReceptor: The Cell-Surface and Intracellular Immune Receptors of the Genus.

Introduction: Rice, a cornerstone of global food security, faces escalating demands for enhanced yield and disease resistance. We collected 300 high-quality genomes, representing both cultivated (, , and ) and wild species (, , and ).

Methods: Leveraging HMMER, NLR-Annotator, and OrthoFinder, we systematically identified 148,077 leucine-rich repeat (LRR) and 143,459 nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) genes, with LRR receptor-like kinases (LRR-RLKs) dominating immune receptor proportions, followed by coiled-coil domain containing (CNL)-type NLRs and LRR receptor-like proteins (LRR-RLPs).

Changes in gene expression levels caused by H3K9me3/H3K9ac modifications are associated with BmCPV infection in .

Changes in chromatin accessibility caused by histone modifications regulate gene transcription. However, little is known about associations between gene expression changes caused by histone modifications and viral infections. We investigate the midguts of silkworms infected with cypovirus (BmCPV) at 48 h and 96 h post infection (CPV48 and CPV96), and corresponding midguts of uninfected silkworms (GUT48 and GUT96) using CUT&Tag-seq and RNA-seq.

Applications of microfluidic chip technology in microvascular thrombosis research.

The formation and progression of microvascular thrombosis are critical mechanisms underlying many vascular-related diseases. Therefore, replicating the microvascular blood flow environment in vitro and investigating the mechanisms of microvascular thrombosis formation are highly significant. In recent years, microfluidic chip technology has been extensively applied in in vitro research for its capability to systematically and comprehensively replicate the complex processes of microvascular thrombosis in laboratory settings.

Moiré cavity quantum electrodynamics.

Quantum emitters are a key component in photonic quantum technologies. Enhancing single-photon emission by engineering their photonic environment is essential for improving overall efficiency in quantum information processing. However, this enhancement is often limited by the need for ultraprecise emitter placement within conventional photonic cavities.

Cannabidiol-loaded hydrogel contact lenses for on-demand pH regulation and enhanced corneal alkali burn repair.

Corneal alkali burn (CAB) poses a significant therapeutic challenge due to alkali infiltration, bacterial infection, inflammation, and angiogenesis, which collectively hinder recovery. The pH microenvironment after CAB is critical for the healing process, but there are few functional biomaterials for this purpose at present. Herein, we develop a multifunctional hydrogel contact lens (CL) with on-demand release of citric acid (CA) and cannabinoid (CBD), triggered by alkaline conditions, to regulate the microenvironment pH and enhance CAB repair.

PINK1 deficiency alleviates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive lung disorder marked by deteriorating dyspnea and declining pulmonary function. Despite its rising prevalence and incidence, therapeutic options remain limited. PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1), known for its role in PINK1/Parkin-dependent mitophagy, contributes to the pathogenesis of various lung diseases.

Development and Validation of an Interpretable Machine Learning Model for Prediction of the Risk of Clinically Ineffective Reperfusion in Patients Following Thrombectomy for Ischemic Stroke.

Background: Despite successful recanalization after thrombectomy in patients with acute ischemic stroke, poor prognosis often persists. This study aimed to investigate the factors contributing to clinically ineffective reperfusion (CIR), develop and validate a machine-learning model to predict CIR, and provide guidance for future clinical treatments.

Methods: We collected data from patients undergoing thrombectomy at Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital between December 2021 and June 2024.

Exploring the role of LOX family in glioma progression and immune modulation.

Background: Glioma is a major cause of mortality among central nervous system tumors, with a generally poor prognosis. The lysyl oxidase (LOX) family, a group of copper-dependent amine oxidases, has been implicated in the progression of various cancers, but its specific role in glioma and its relationship with immune infiltration remains insufficiently explored. This study aims to investigate the LOX family's expression, prognostic significance, and immune infiltration dynamics in glioma to identify potential therapeutic targets.

The classification method of donkey breeds based on SNPs data and machine learning.

A method for accurately classifying donkey breeds has been developed by integrating single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) data with machine learning algorithms. The approach includes preprocessing donkey genomic sequencing data, addressing data imbalance with the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE), and utilizing an improved Leave-One-Out Cross-Validation (LOOCV) for dataset partitioning. Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and Random Forest (RF) models were constructed and evaluated.

DNA Metabarcoding Illuminates Seasonal Dietary Pattern and Niche Partitioning by Three Sympatric Herbivores.

Diet composition is among the most critical dimensions of animal ecology, yet seasonal dietary diversity has rarely been investigated in sympatric herbivores. This study used DNA metabarcoding to conduct an analysis of seasonal variations in diet composition and trophic niches for sympatric sika deer, Reeves' muntjac, and Chinese hare in Taohongling National Nature Reserve (TNNR). The results showed that (11.

Cyclic dipeptides from endophytic bacterium as potential flavor precursors.

Cyclic dipeptides represent a class of intriguing molecules with a wide range of biological activities, but their potential application as flavor precursors has not been previously reported. In this study, a flavor-producing bacterium was screened out from 35 isolated endophytic bacteria. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis suggested that the fermentation broth of contained flavor compounds and high amount of cyclic dipeptide flavor precursors.

The landscape of RNA 5-methylcytosine modification during chicken embryonic myogenesis.

Skeletal muscle is a vital protein source for human diets, making its development a significant focus in poultry research. This study examines the effects of RNA 5-methylcytosine (m5C) modifications on chicken skeletal muscle development at two critical embryonic stages: before myoblast differentiation (E10) and after differentiation (E19). By employing MeRIP-seq, we analyzed the dynamic distribution of m5C modifications within the leg muscle transcriptome, uncovering notable differences in modification states between these two stages.

Functional characterization of a novel protein-coding circular RNA, circRNA_1193, from the gene in silkworm and its role in antiviral defense against BmCPV.

Unlabelled: A novel circular RNA, circRNA_1193, which originates from the gene in silkworms, was explored for its potential function and regulatory mechanism. We validated the presence of circRNA_1193 in cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (BmCPV)-infected silkworm ovary cell line (BmN) cells through a combination of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Northern blotting, and hybridization. CircRNA_1193 exhibited tissue-specific expression, being highly enriched in the midgut and Malpighian tubules, and displayed a specific response to BmCPV infection, but not to nucleopolyhedrovirus or lipopolysaccharide.

Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Pattern of the Gene Family in .

Background: The NAC transcription factor family of genes is one of the largest families of transcription factors in plants, playing important functions in plant growth and development, response to adversity stress, disease resistance, and hormone signaling. In this study, we identified the number of members of the NAC () gene family and conducted a comprehensive analysis of their physicochemical characteristics, chromosomal location, evolutionary features, and expression patterns both in different parts of the plant at different growth stages and in response to infection by .

Methods: The gene family in was identified using Hidden Markov Model (HMMER) and National Center of Biotechnology Information Conserved Domain Database (NCBI CDD), and their physicochemical properties were analyzed with Perl scripts.

CircFBLN2 regulates duck myoblast proliferation and differentiation through miR-22-5p and MEF2C interaction.

The growth and development of duck skeletal muscle significantly affect duck meat production, making it essential to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) are identified in many species and play essential roles in the regulation of myogenic processes; however, research on circRNAs and miRNAs involved in the duck skeletal muscle development is limited. In prior whole-transcriptome RNA sequencing study, we identified differential expression of miR-22-5p and the novel circular RNA circFBLN2, which arises from the second exon of the FBLN2 gene, in duck primary myoblasts (DPMs).

circEgg inhibits BmCPV infection by regulating the transition between H3K9me3 and H3K9ac.

Our previous study demonstrated that the expression level of circRNA circEgg, which is encoded by histone-lysine N-methyltransferase eggless (BmEgg), is responsive to Bombyx mori cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (BmCPV) infection in the silkworm. However, the precise relationship between BmCPV infection and circEgg remains unclear. In this study, we observed that the expression level of circEgg in both the midguts and cultured BmN cells significantly increased after BmCPV infection, while the expression of its host gene, BmEgg, exhibited an opposite trend.

Nano zero-valent iron driven sodium alginate/poly (acrylic acid) composite hydrogel powder for rapid hemostasis and wound healing.

Uncontrollable bleeding resulting from warfare, traffic accidents, and various high-risk industries poses a serious issue. In this study, we develop a nano-zero-valent iron (nZVI)-driven sodium alginate (SA)/polyacrylic acid (PAA) composite hydrogel (SA/PAA/nZVI, SPI), which is subsequently fabricated into a powder to achieve rapid hemostasis and promote wound healing. The redox system comprising nZVI/ammonium persulfate (APS) efficiently generates significant quantities of free radicals and Fe under both room and low temperatures (4 °C), thereby significantly accelerating hydrogel formation.

Biomimetic peroxisome targets myocardial injury and promotes heart repair and regeneration.

Heart ischemic injury predominately causes mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to the accumulation of ROS and lactate. The ROS-associated DNA damage response (DDR) contributes to myocardial cell cycle arrest and the inhibition of proliferation, while lactate accumulation is often accompanied by a high risk of acute death. In this study, to restore myocardial metabolism and regenerate the heart, we established a biomimetic peroxisome by loading the MnO nanozyme into mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EV (Mn@EV)).

Three-dimensional single-pixel imaging using a fractal superconducting nanowire single-photon detector.

Faint-light imaging plays an important role in applications including fluorescence-lifetime microscopy and remote sensing. Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) outperform other single-photon detectors in terms of comprehensive performance, however, large-format SNSPD imagers with many pixels remain an outstanding technological challenge. Here, as an alternative route, we use a multimode-fiber-coupled fractal SNSPD as the light-sensing element to perform three-dimensional single-pixel imaging at the wavelength of 1560 nm.