Novel therapeutic strategies for non-small cell lung cancer: Combination therapies with immune checkpoint inhibitors (Review).

The treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been notably improved by the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Although ICIs have been authorized by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the clinical treatment of NSCLC, concerns remain regarding resistance and adverse reactions. Chemotherapy, targeted therapy and other immunotherapies for cancer have the potential to impact cancer immunity, thereby boosting the ability of the body to kill the tumor cells.

Corrigendum: Surgical treatment strategies for gastroesophageal reflux after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.

Predictors of diabetes remission after bariatric surgery in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus duration ≥ 10 years: A retrospective cohort study.

Objective: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) duration ≥ 10 years often have significant β-cell failure. This study aimed to explore predictors of diabetes remission after bariatric surgery in these patients.

Methods: Patients with T2DM duration ≥ 10 years who underwent bariatric surgery were retrospective included and followed up.

Imaging dendrite growth in solid-state sodium batteries using fluorescence tomography technology.

Dendrite growth in solid-state sodium batteries (SSBs) is one of the most concerned issues that critically affect the battery efficiency and cycling performance. Here, by designing a fluorescent Eu-doped NaZrSiPO solid electrolyte (SE) to facilitate three-dimensional (3D) optical imaging on a confocal laser scanning microscopy, a fluorescence tomography (FT) method is developed for observing the sodium dendrite growth during charge/discharge cycles of the SSBs in a 3D view. It is quantitatively revealed that small-size sodium islands appear after several cycles, and with the cycles increasing, large-size dendrites in tens of micrometers gradually form until a critical sodium dendrite volume arrives where a short circuit or severe performance deterioration occurs.

Genome‑wide identification of the SWEET gene family in grape ( L.) and expression analysis of in response to water stress.

Unlabelled: Sugars are considered primary metabolites that determine the flavor and quality of grape berries, also playing a crucial role in the plants to resist stress. (s) gene family has been previously reported to be involved in the growth and development of grape, while the changes in transcriptional levels under water stress remain unclear. In this study, sixteen grape s members were identified and annotated based on their homologous genes in and tomato, they were classified into four clades (Clades I to IV) with VvSWEETs by phylogenetic analysis.

Operando monitoring of dendrite formation in lithium metal batteries via ultrasensitive tilted fiber Bragg grating sensors.

Lithium (Li) dendrite growth significantly deteriorates the performance and shortens the operation life of lithium metal batteries. Capturing the intricate dynamics of surface localized and rapid mass transport at the electrolyte-electrode interface of lithium metal is essential for the understanding of the dendrite growth process, and the evaluation of the solutions mitigating the dendrite growth issue. Here we demonstrate an approach based on an ultrasensitive tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG) sensor which is inserted close to the electrode surface in a working lithium metal battery, without disturbing its operation.

Effects of Vine Water Status on Malate Metabolism and γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Pathway-Related Amino Acids in Marselan ( L.) Grape Berries.

Malic acid is the predominant organic acid in grape berries, and its content is affected by abiotic factors such as temperature (fruit zone microclimate) and water (vine water status). The objectives of this study were to explore the potential mechanisms behind the effects of vine water status on the biosynthesis and degradation of berry malic acid and the potential downstream effects on berry metabolism. This study was conducted over two growing seasons in 2021 and 2022, comprising three watering regimes: no water stress (CK), light water stress (LWS), and moderate water stress (MWS).

Impact of Vine Water Status on 3-Alkyl-2-methoxypyrazine Content and Function Verification of / Genes Associated with 3-Alkyl-2-methoxypyrazine Accumulation in "Marselan" Grape Berries ( L.).

3-Alkyl-2-methoxypyrazines (MPs) could be considered as off-flavor for red wine if the concentration exceeds a certain threshold. It is unknown whether the vine water status has an influence on MP metabolism in grape berries and, therefore, in wines. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of vine water status on MP content and on the expression level of ; moreover, the exact functions of were investigated.

Operando monitoring of thermal runaway in commercial lithium-ion cells via advanced lab-on-fiber technologies.

Operando monitoring of complex physical and chemical activities inside rechargeable lithium-ion batteries during thermal runaway is critical to understanding thermal runaway mechanisms and giving early warning of safety-related failure. However, most existing sensors cannot survive during such extremely hazardous thermal runaway processes (temperature up to 500 °C accompanied by fire and explosion). To address this, we develop a compact and multifunctional optical fiber sensor (12 mm in length and 125 µm in diameter) capable of insertion into commercial 18650 cells to continuously monitor internal temperature and pressure effects during cell thermal runaway.

Molecular characteristics of natural organic matter in the groundwater system with geogenic iodine contamination in the Datong Basin, Northern China.

Natural organic matter (NOM) plays an important role in the iodine mobilization in the groundwater system. In this study, the groundwater and sediments from iodine affected aquifers in the Datong Basin were collected to perform chemistry analysis and molecular characteristics of NOM by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (FT-ICR-MS). Total iodine concentrations in groundwater and sediments ranged from 1.

Co-occurrence of arsenic and iodine in the middle-deep groundwater of the Datong Basin: From the perspective of optical properties and isotopic characteristics.

Redox processes can induce arsenic (As) and iodine (I) transformation and thus change As and I co-occurrence, yet there is no evidence that Fe-C-S coupled redox processes have such an impact on the co-occurrence of As and I. To fill this gap, middle-deep groundwater from the Datong Basin were samples for the purpose of exploring how dissolved organic matter (DOM) reactivity affects As and I enrichment and how iron reduction and sulfate reduction processes influence As and I co-occurrence. We identified three DOM components: reduced and oxidized quinone compounds (C1 and C3) and a labile DOM from terrestrial inputs (C2).

The mechanism of iodine enrichment in groundwater from the North China Plain: insight from two inland and coastal aquifer sediment boreholes.

As an element relevant to human health, iodine is highly worthy of researchers' attention, especially the mechanism of iodine migration and enrichment in groundwater systems. A total of 43 groundwater, 1 seawater, 107 sediment, and 111 pore water samples from two boreholes (toward to Bohai Sea: BT, HH) were collected along a groundwater flow path at the North China Plain to investigate hydro-geochemical processes controlling groundwater iodine. High iodine groundwater (> 100 μg/L) was characterized by Na-Cl type, with high TDS values (827-2,400 mg/L) and high Cl (110-705 mg/L) and Br (416-1,180 μg/L) concentrations, which may be related to marine influence.

Clinical outcomes and functional analysis of third space robotic and endoscopic cooperative surgery versus laparoscopic wedge resection for gastric submucosal tumours: a propensity score-matched study.

Third space robotic and endoscopic cooperative surgery (TS-RECS) is a novel minimally invasive surgery for resecting gastric submucosal tumours (GSMTs), which could accomplish the completely oncological curability and maximal functional preservation. This study investigated the clinical outcomes and gastrointestinal function after TS-RECS versus laparoscopic wedge resection (LWR) for GSMTs. This was a single-centre retrospective study that included 130 patients with GSMTs who underwent LWR or TS-RECS from 2013 to 2019.

Mechanistic insights into iodine enrichment in groundwater during the transformation of iron minerals in aquifer sediments.

Long-term intake of groundwater with elevated iodine concentration can cause thyroid dysfunction in humans; however, little is known on the mechanisms controlling the fate of iodine in groundwater systems. In this study, the groundwater and aquifer sediment samples from the Datong basin, a geologic iodine-affected area, were collected to perform the batch incubation experiments to understand the release and enrichment of iodine in groundwater systems. The results showed that the groundwater from the deep confined aquifer had a total iodine concentration of 473 μg/L, higher than that of shallow groundwater, and iodide is the dominant species of iodine.

Hydrogeochemical processes controlling the mobilization and enrichment of fluoride in groundwater of the North China Plain.

Fluoride enrichment in groundwater at the North China Plain (NCP) is posing a potential health risk to human being. To better understand the enrichment mechanism of fluoride in the groundwater systems, the groundwater, sediments samples and pore water compacted from clayey sediments were collected to perform the chemistry analysis and geochemical inverse modeling. The results showed that fluoride concentration in groundwater from the NCP has a range of 0.

Efficacy of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation combined with diazepam for acute alcohol withdrawal syndrome: A double-blind randomized sham-controlled trial.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) combined with diazepam against diazepam alone for treatment of acute alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS).

Methods: In this double-blind randomized sham-controlled trial, men with acute AWS were randomly allocated to either a group treated with TEAS combined with diazepam (n = 57) or a control group treated with sham TEAS combined with diazepam (n = 60). Treatment was performed at four acupoints twice a day for 14 days.

Effects of depositional environment and organic matter degradation on the enrichment and mobilization of iodine in the groundwater of the North China Plain.

Groundwater iodine has direct importance for human dietary iodine intake in areas where drinking water is of groundwater origin. However, little is known about enrichment and mobilization mechanisms of groundwater iodine in the North China Plain (NCP). Geochemistry, inorganic/organic carbon isotope and biomarker of groundwater and sediment samples were studied to reveal the effects of depositional environment and organic matter (OM) degradation on the generation of high iodine groundwater (>100 μg/L) in NCP.

Impacts of sediment compaction on iodine enrichment in deep aquifers of the North China Plain.

To understand the effects of large-scale sediment compaction on iodine enrichment in the groundwater system of the North China Plain (NCP), hydrogeochemical and isotope (H, O and Sr/Sr) geochemical features of groundwater, seawater and pore water of the deep aquifer sediments were characterized. Groundwater iodine concentration ranged from 5.8 to 1110 μg/L and approximately 80% of groundwater samples have iodine concentration more than 100 μg/L.

Cryo-EM structure of the ASIC1a-mambalgin-1 complex reveals that the peptide toxin mambalgin-1 inhibits acid-sensing ion channels through an unusual allosteric effect.

Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are neuronal voltage-independent Na channels that are activated by extracellular acidification. ASICs play essential roles in a wide range of physiological processes, including sodium homeostasis, synaptic plasticity, neurodegeneration, and sensory transduction. Mambalgins, a family of three-finger toxins isolated from black mamba venom, specifically inhibit ASICs to exert strong analgesic effects in vivo, thus are thought to have potential therapeutic values against pain.

Olanzapine and haloperidol for the treatment of acute symptoms of mental disorders induced by amphetamine-type stimulants: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: This study aimed to compare olanzapine and haloperidol efficacies in the treatment of acute psychiatric symptoms due to amphetamine-type stimulants (ATSs).

Methods: The Zelen II design method was used; 124 patients with acute mental disorders due to amphetamine were randomly divided into olanzapine group (n = 63) and haloperidol group (n = 61). Then, a 4-week open-label medical therapy was performed.

Fluoride and iodine enrichment in groundwater of North China Plain: Evidences from speciation analysis and geochemical modeling.

To better understand the enrichment of fluoride and iodine in groundwater at North China Plain (NCP), speciation analysis and geochemical modeling were conducted to identify the key hydrochemical processes controlling their mobilization in groundwater system. Groundwater fluoride and iodine concentrations ranged from 0.18 to 5.

Structure of an endogenous yeast 26S proteasome reveals two major conformational states.

The eukaryotic proteasome mediates degradation of polyubiquitinated proteins. Here we report the single-particle cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of the endogenous 26S proteasome from Saccharomyces cerevisiae at 4.6- to 6.