New Bis-sesquiterpenoids From the Lindera glauca With Anti-inflammatory Activity by Inhibiting the Lipopolysaccharide-induced Expression of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase.

Three new sesquiterpenoid dimers linderasesquiterpenoids A-C (1-3) and three known compounds 4-6 were co-isolated from the Lindera glauca. Their structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic methods and electronic circular dichroism calculations. Among them, linderasesquiterpenoid A (1) featuring the rare [4, 9] ring system was the first example of sesquiterpenoid dimers, and also the sesquiterpenoid dimers components were first found in this plant.

Eutymeroterpenoids A-G with cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activity from the fungus Eutypella scoparia GZU-4-19Y.

Eutymeroterpenoids A-G (1-7), seven new eremophilane-type sesquiterpenoids, together with one known compound cryptosphaerolide (8), were isolated from marine-derived Eutypella scoparia GZU-4-19Y. Their structures were established by analysis of their NMR data and electronic circular dichroism calculations. All of them featured the unique 11‑carbon alkyl chain were rarely found in natural sesquiterpenoids.

Bioaspermeroterpenes A-D: Four New Meroterpenoids From the Biotransformation Extract by the Fungus Penicillium herquei GZU-31-6.

Bioaspermeroterpenes A-D, four new 3,5-dimethylorsellinic acid-derived meroterpenoids were co-isolated from the biotransformation extract of aspermeroterpene F by the fungus Penicillium herquei GZU-31-6. Their structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic methods. In the bioassays, all the isolates were evaluated for their inhibitory effect on transforming growth factor-β1-induced activation of hepatic stellate cells.

Imaging dendrite growth in solid-state sodium batteries using fluorescence tomography technology.

Dendrite growth in solid-state sodium batteries (SSBs) is one of the most concerned issues that critically affect the battery efficiency and cycling performance. Here, by designing a fluorescent Eu-doped NaZrSiPO solid electrolyte (SE) to facilitate three-dimensional (3D) optical imaging on a confocal laser scanning microscopy, a fluorescence tomography (FT) method is developed for observing the sodium dendrite growth during charge/discharge cycles of the SSBs in a 3D view. It is quantitatively revealed that small-size sodium islands appear after several cycles, and with the cycles increasing, large-size dendrites in tens of micrometers gradually form until a critical sodium dendrite volume arrives where a short circuit or severe performance deterioration occurs.

Facile constructed meroterpenoids with novel hexadecahydroacephenanthrylene carbon skeleton using the biotransformation and chemical synthesis method.

Bioaspermeroterpenoid A (1), the first meroterpenoid with an unprecedented hexadecahydroacephenanthrylene carbon skeleton, together with two analogues bioaspermeroterpenoids B and C (2 and 3) were co-isolated from the biotransformation extract of aspermeroterpene C by the fungus Penicillium herquei GZU-31-6. On the other hand, bioaspermeroterpenoid Aa (1a) featuring the same hexadecahydroacephenanthrylene carbon skeleton was synthesized from the precursor aspermeroterpene C by the nucleophilic addition reaction in the presence of CHONa. Furthermore, bioaspermeroterpenoids A and C showed good inhibitory activities against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.

Glasesterterpenoids A-C: three sesterterpenoids with 7-cyclohexyldecahydronaphthalene carbon skeleton isolated from the root of Lindera glauca.

Three novel sesterterpenoids glasesterterpenoids A-C (1-3), featuring an unprecedented 7-cyclohexyldecahydronaphthalene carbon skeleton, were isolated from the root of Lindera glauca (L. glauca). Their structures were elucidated by quantum chemical calculations and spectroscopic methods.

Biotransformation of Glaucic Acid Isolated from the Root of Lindera glauca by the Endophytic Fungi Penicillium Chrysogenum SHJ-07.

Glaucic acid isolated from the root of Lindera glauca, was investigated by the biotransformation methods via the endophytic fungi, resulting in the production of five new glausesquiterpenes A-E (1-5), along with a known analogue 6. Their structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic methods and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. In the bioassays, glausesquiterpene A (1) showed good inhibitory activity of NO production in LPS-activated RAW 264.

Lipid-Lowering Meroterpenoids Penihemeroterpenoids A-F from GZU-31-6 via Targeting the AMPK/ACC/SREBP-1c Signaling Pathway.

Penihemeroterpenoids A-C, the first meroterpenoids with an unprecedented 6/5/6/5/5/6/5 heptacyclic ring system, together with precursors penihemeroterpenoids D-F, were co-isolated from the fungus GZU-31-6. Among them, penihemeroterpenoids C-F exhibited lipid-lowering effects comparable to those of the positive control simvastatin by the activation of the AMPK/ACC/SREBP-1c signaling pathway, downregulated the mRNA levels of lipid synthesis genes FAS and PNPLA3, and increased the level of mRNA expression of the lipid export gene MTTP.

Novel 6/7/6 ring system diterpenoids and cytochalasins from the fungus Eutypella scoparia GZU-4-19Y and their anti-inflammatory activity.

Two new compounds eutyditerpenoid A (1) and seco-phenochalasin B (5), together with seven known compounds diaporthein A (2), aspergillon A (3), phenochalasin B (4), cytochalasins Z and Z (6 and 7), scoparasins A and B (8 and 9) were isolated from marine-derived Eutypella scoparia GZU-4-19Y. Among them, eutyditerpenoid A (1) with a rare 6/7/6 ring system possesing an anhydride moiety was the first example in the pimarane-type diterpenoids. Their structures were determined based on spectroscopic methods and the electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations.

Diterpenoids with anti-inflammatory activity from the lateral root of Aconitum carmichaelii debeaux.

Five undescribed diterpenoids, including two ent-cleistanthane-type diterpenoids aconicleistanthanes A and B, a hetisine-type diterpenoid aconihetisine A, two aconitines-type diterpenoids aconicarmines A and B, and thirteen known diterpenoids alkaloids, were co-isolated from the lateral root of the Aconitum carmichaelii Debeaux (Ranunculaceae). Their structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic methods, and the absolute configurations were determined by X-ray diffraction and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Among them, aconicleistanthanes A and B as ent-cleistanthane-type diterpenoid featuring a unique five-membered lactone D ring, is the first reported example of ent-cleistanthane-type diterpenoids in the Aconitum, which provided a new type of diterpene metabolites for Aconitum and enriched the chemical space of the plant of the Aconitum.

PRG-1 prevents neonatal stimuli-induced persistent hyperalgesia and memory dysfunction via NSF/Glu/GluR2 signaling.

Neonatal repetitive noxious stimuli (RNS) has been shown to cause long-term harmful effects on nociceptive processing, learning, and memory which persist until adulthood. Plasticity-related gene 1 (PRG-1) regulates synaptic plasticity and functional reorganization in the brain during neuronal development. In this study, neonatal RNS rats were established by repetitive needle pricks to neonatal rats on all four feet to model repetitive pain exposure in infants.

Abdominal massage alleviates functional diarrhea in immature rats via modulation of intestinal microbiota and tight junction protein.

Functional diarrhea (FD) is a common type of chronic diarrhea in children. Recurrent diarrhea can negatively impact children's quality of life and raise healthcare costs significantly. However, conventional treatments are ineffective and limited.

Longitudinal Changes of Axial Length and Associated Factors in Congenital Ectopia Lentis Patients.

Purpose: To investigate the longitudinal changes and associated factors of axial length (AL) in congenital ectopia lentis (CEL) patients.

Methods: In this retrospective study, medical records of CEL patients were reviewed from January 2014 to December 2019 at the Zhongshan Ophthalmic (ZOC) in China. Patients were divided into the surgery group and the nonsurgery group.

Linderasesterterpenoids A and B: Two 7-Cyclohexyldecahydroazulene Carbon Skeleton Sesterterpenoids Isolated from the Root of .

Two novel sesterterpenoids linderasesterterpenoids A () and B () with an unprecedented 7-cyclohexyldecahydroazulene carbon skeleton isolated from the root of . Their structures were elucidated by X-ray diffraction, quantum chemical calculations, and spectroscopic methods. The biogenetic pathway for and is proposed.

Neurotropin alleviates rat osteocarcinoma pain via PX receptor activation in the midbrain periaqueductal gray.

Objectives: Clinically effective analgesia treatment for patients afflicted with osteocarcinoma lessens the intensity of pain. The midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) plays a critical role in pain modulation, and activation of PX receptors in this region mediates pain processing. Neurotropin is a small molecule drug used for analgesic treatment of a number of chronic pain conditions.

PRG-1 relieves pain and depressive-like behaviors in rats of bone cancer pain by regulation of dendritic spine in hippocampus.

Pain and depression, which tend to occur simultaneously and share some common neural circuits and neurotransmitters, are highly prevalent complication in patients with advanced cancer. Exploring the underlying mechanisms is the cornerstone to prevent the comorbidity of chronic pain and depression in cancer patients. Plasticity-related gene 1 (PRG-1) protein regulates synaptic plasticity and brain functional reorganization during neuronal development or after cerebral lesion.

Time trends and heterogeneity in the disease burden of trachoma, 1990-2019: a global analysis.

Purpose: To evaluate the epidemiological trends and associated risk factors of disease burden due to trachoma.

Methods: Data for the country-specific disability-adjusted life year (DALY) number, rate and age-standardised rate of trachoma together with related data of other common eye diseases were acquired from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 database. The Socio-Demographic Index (SDI), Human Development Index (HDI), inequality-adjusted HDI and other related indices were obtained from published data or publicly available databases.

Association between workplace bullying and nurses' professional quality of life: The mediating role of resilience.

Aim: We aim to determine workplace bullying in relation to the professional quality of life of nurses and the mediating role of resilience between workplace bullying and the professional quality of life.

Background: Workplace bullying is an increasingly serious problem worldwide and deleteriously affects the occupational health and quality of life of nurses. However, it has not attracted adequate managerial attention.

Short-Term High Fructose Intake Impairs Diurnal Oscillations in the Murine Cornea.

Purpose: Endogenous and exogenous stressors, including nutritional challenges, may alter circadian rhythms in the cornea. This study aimed to determine the effects of high fructose intake (HFI) on circadian homeostasis in murine cornea.

Methods: Corneas of male C57BL/6J mice subjected to 10 days of HFI (15% fructose in drinking water) were collected at 3-hour intervals over a 24-hour circadian cycle.

Furanaspermeroterpenes A and B, two unusual meroterpenoids with a unique 6/6/6/5/5 pentacyclic skeleton from the Marine-derived fungus Aspergillus terreus GZU-31-1.

Furanaspermeroterpenes A (1) and B (2), with a unique 6/6/6/5/5 pentacyclic skeleton, and five new congeners aspermeroterpenes D-H (3-7) were co-isolated from the marine-derived fungus Aspergillus terreus GZU-31-1. Among them, compounds 1 and 2 with rare five-membered D/E coupling rings were the first example of DMOA-derived meroterpenoids. Moreover, compound 3 was the first reported 6/6/6/6/5 pentacyclic meroterpenoid featuring an unusual cis-fused A/B ring.

Sympathetic Nerves Positively Regulate Eosinophil-Driven Allergic Conjunctivitis via α1-Adrenergic Receptor Signaling.

Eosinophils are a major cause of tissue injury in allergic conjunctivitis. The biological nature of eosinophils in the conjunctiva and the mechanisms that control eosinophils' responses in allergic conjunctivitis are currently not completely understood. This study reports that conjunctival eosinophils comprise two populations-Siglec-F and Siglec-F-in different life stages.

Antibiotic-induced dysbiosis of gut microbiota impairs corneal development in postnatal mice by affecting CCR2 negative macrophage distribution.

Antibiotics are extremely useful, but they can cause adverse impacts on host bodies. We found that antibiotic treatment altered the composition of the gut microbiota and the gene expression profile in the corneal tissues of postnatal mice and decreased the corneal size and thickness, the angiogenesis of limbal blood vessels, and the neurogenesis of corneal nerve fibers. The reconstitution of the gut microbiota with fecal transplants in antibiotic-treated mice largely reversed these impairments in corneal development.

Acute tobacco smoke exposure exacerbates the inflammatory response to corneal wounds in mice via the sympathetic nervous system.

Exposure to tobacco smoke is a major public health concern that can also affect ophthalmic health. Based on previous work demonstrating the important role of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) in corneal wound repair, we postulated that acute tobacco smoke exposure (ATSE) may act through the SNS in the impairment of corneal wound repair. Here we find that ATSE rapidly increases the markers of inflammatory response in normal corneal limbi.