The clinical features, risk factors and outcomes of polyomavirus encephalitis after allogeneic haematological stem cell transplantation.

Polyomavirus (PyV) encephalitis is a rare but life-threatening opportunistic infection linked to progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy (PML). We analysed 54 patients diagnosed with PyV encephalitis after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in a 1:4 case-control retrospective cohort study. Median time to diagnosis was 77 days post-HSCT, with seizures, headache and motor dysfunction as the most common presenting symptoms.

Long-term efficacy of EBV-specific T cells for EBV-PTLD after allogeneic stem cell transplantation: a real word study.

Background: Epstein-Barr virus-associated post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (EBV-PTLD) remains a life-threatening complication following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), especially in rituximab-refractory cases. Adoptive transfer of EBV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (EBV-CTLs) offers a promising strategy to restore antiviral immunity, but long-term efficacy data, particularly in haploidentical transplant recipients, remain limited.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 41 haploidentical HSCT recipients diagnosed with EBV-PTLD and received donor-derived EBV-CTLs.

Viral enteritis after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: pathogens, clinical characteristics, and outcomes.

Viral enteritis is a common complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). However, data regarding the most frequent enteric pathogens, clinical characteristics, and patient outcomes remains limited. To better characterize post-HSCT viral enteritis, we retrospectively analyzed 59 patients who underwent allo-HSCT and were diagnosised with viral enteritis based on intestinal biopsy specimens.

Peritransplant lysine methyltransferase 2a-rearranged measurable residual disease dynamics as a prognostic marker in adult acute myeloid leukemia.

Background: This study examined the impact of measurable residual disease (MRD) dynamics in adults with lysine methyltransferase 2a rearrangement (KMT2Ar) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) during the peritransplant period (before and early after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation [HSCT]).

Methods: This study involved 144 adult patients with AML with KMT2Ar who underwent HSCT between 2015 and 2024. Patients were enrolled if they survived without relapse for at least 3 months post-HSCT.

Uncovering chromatin accessibility dynamics in early maize endosperm and seed coat differentiation.

The early development of maize kernels plays a crucial role in determining yield and grain quality. Deciphering chromatin accessibility dynamics can further advance our understanding of tissue-specific regulatory networks. In this study, we performed an integrated multiomics analysis to explore chromatin accessibility dynamics during cell fate transitions in early kernel development.

Evaluation of natural prenylflavonoids from Sophora flavescens root bark and their antibacterial activity.

10 compounds (1-10) were isolated from the ethanol extract of Sophora flavescens root bark, including 7 new compounds (1-7). The structures of these compounds were determined through comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, including UV spectroscopy, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HRESIMS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and by comparison with existing literature. Additionally, the antibacterial activity of compounds 1-10 was assessed against eight bacterial strains (four Gram-positive and four Gram-negative) using the micro broth dilution method.

RGS1 is an effective T-cell marker of acute myeloid leukemia remission after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Disease relapse is a major cause of death in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). The characterization of novel functional T-cell subtypes is critical for predicting clinical responses as well as developing strategies for immunotherapy in leukemia. We used single-cell RNA-sequencing to resolve the T cells' profiles of AML patients who had a relapse (RL) or reached complete remission (CR) after HSCT and addressed the characteristics of T cells at molecular level under HSCT scenario.

Comparison of outcomes between haploidentical and matched related donors for chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: A multicenter real-world study.

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the only curative strategy for patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML). However, few reports have investigated the outcomes of patients receiving haploidentical HSCT. To this end, we included 117 patients with haploidentical donors (HID) and 75 patients with matched related donors (MRD) from 28 centers across China to explore the prognostic impact of different transplantation modalities.

Overexpressing natural killer group 2 member A drives natural killer cell exhaustion in relapsed acute myeloid leukemia.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) relapse is associated with poor prognosis. While natural killer (NK) cell therapy can induce leukemia remission, infused NK cells are prone to exhaustion. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms driving NK cell exhaustion in AML patients could provide critical insights for developing novel strategies to optimize NK cell-based immunotherapies.

The mechanisms and countermeasures for CAR-T cell expansion and persistence deficiency.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has emerged as a groundbreaking treatment for hematological malignancies, particularly B-cell malignancies. However, its high risk of relapse and low efficacy in malignancies such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have limited its clinical utility. The expansion, infiltration and persistence of CAR-T cells are key determinants of their efficacy.

The chromatin accessibility landscape during early maize seed development.

Cis-regulatory elements (CREs) are enriched in accessible chromatin regions (ACRs) of eukaryotes. Despite extensive research on genome-wide ACRs in various plant tissues, the global impact of these changes on developmental processes in maize seeds remains poorly understood. In this study, we employed the assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (ATAC-seq) to reveal the chromatin accessibility profile throughout the genome during the early stages of maize seed development.

Mechanism of action of lncRNA-NEAT1 in immune diseases.

NEAT1, a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), is involved in assembling nuclear paraspeckles that have been found to impact various immune-related diseases, such as autoimmune diseases, allergic diseases, cancer immunity, sepsis, etc. In immune-related diseases, lncRNA-NEAT1 affects the activation, proliferation, and differentiation process of immune cells by interacting with transcription factors and miRNA (MicroRNA) to regulate an expression level in immune-related genes. It can also regulate the apoptosis and autophagy processes of immune cells by regulating inflammatory responses, interacting with apoptosis-related proteins, or regulating the expression of autophagy-related genes, thereby regulating the development of immune-related diseases.

Monitoring the KMT2A gene post-chemotherapy independently predicts the relapse and survival risk after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

This study evaluated the kinetics of KMT2A-r during chemotherapy and its impact on allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) outcomes. KMT2A-r was assessed post-induction (MRD1), after the first (MRD2) and second (MRD3) consolidations and pre-transplant (MRD4) in 52 patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). KMT2A-r significantly decreased from diagnosis to MRD2 (p < 0.

Single-cell lineage tracing techniques in hematology: unraveling the cellular narrative.

Lineage tracing is a valuable technique that has greatly facilitated the exploration of cell origins and behavior. With the continuous development of single-cell sequencing technology, lineage tracing technology based on the single-cell level has become an important method to study biological development. Single-cell Lineage tracing technology plays an important role in the hematological system.

Polymerization of beneficial plant height QTLs to develop superior lines which can achieving hybrid performance levels.

Unlabelled: Heterosis, a key technology in modern commercial maize breeding, is limited by the narrow genetic base which hinders breeders from developing superior hybrid varieties. By integrating big data and functional genomics technologies, it becomes possible to create new super maize inbred lines that resemble hybrid varieties through the aggregation of multiple QTL parental advantage loci. In this study, we utilized a combination of resequencing and field selfing selection methods to develop three pyramiding QTL lines (PQLs) (PQL4, 6, and 7), each containing 15, 12, and 12 QTL loci respectively.

Translational study of the regulatory mechanism by which immune synapses enhance immune cell function.

Immune synapses, which were initially discovered at the interface between antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and T cells, are special structures formed at the contact site between antigen-presenting cells and immune cells and constitute the structural basis for immune cells to kill tumours and synthesise antibodies. Their structures are very similar to those of neural synapses in the nervous system, and they contain different functional structural regions. With the development of cell visualization research, scientists have increasingly conducted in-depth research on immune synapses.

CAR-NK cell therapy: a potential antiviral platform.

Viral infections persist as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Conventional therapeutic approaches often fall short in fully eliminating viral infections, primarily due to the emergence of drug resistance. Natural killer (NK) cells, one of the important members of the innate immune system, possess potent immunosurveillance and cytotoxic functions, thereby playing a crucial role in the host's defense against viral infections.

The interplay of transcriptional regulator SREBP1 with AMPK promotes lipid biosynthesis in Mucor circinelloides WJ11.

SREBP1 is a transcription factor that influences lipogenesis by regulating key genes associated with lipid biosynthesis, while AMPK, modulates lipid metabolism by regulating acetyl-CoA carboxylase. The exact role of these metabolic regulators in oleaginous microbes remains unclear. This study identified and manipulated the genes encoding SREBP1 (sre1) and α1 subunit of AMPK (ampk-α1) in Mucor circinelloides WJ11.

Latent profiles of multi-dimensional sleep characteristics and association with overweight/obesity in Chinese preschool children.

Objectives: To examine the association between latent profiles of multi-dimensional sleep characteristics and overweight/obesity (OWO) in Chinese preschool children.

Study Design: The cross-sectional analysis included 3204 preschool children recruited from 24 kindergartens in Shanghai. Parents reported children's demographics and sleep characteristics, including sleep duration, timing and disturbances.

N6-methyladenosine transcriptome-wide profiles of maize kernel development.

Maize (Zea mays L.) kernel development is a complex and dynamic process involving cell division and differentiation, into a variety of cell types. Epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, play a pivotal role in regulating this process.

Safety and efficacy of baricitinib in steroid-resistant or relapsed immune thrombocytopenia: An open-label pilot study.

Patients with steroid-resistant or relapsed immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) suffer increased bleeding risk and impaired quality of life. Baricitinib, an oral Janus-associated kinases (JAK) inhibitor, could alleviate both innate and adaptive immune disorders without inducing thrombocytopenia in several autoimmune diseases. Accordingly, an open-label, single-arm, phase 2 trial (NCT05446831) was initiated to explore the safety and efficacy of baricitinib in ITP.