Chromosome-level genome assembly of stem borer Batocera rufomaculata using PacBio HiFi and Hi-C sequencing.

Batocera rufomaculata (Cerambycidae: Lamiinae), a prominent representative of longhorned beetles, is a globally significant stem-boring pest, infesting over 50 species of deciduous trees. Despite its substantial ecological and economic impact, the genomic basis underlying its host adaptation remain poorly understood. Here, we present a chromosome-level genome assembly of B.

Genomic assembly and resequencing of the mango seed weevil Sternochetus mangiferae (Fabricius) provide insights into host adaptation and invasion control.

Background: Sternochetus mangiferae (Fabricius) is a monophagous beetle that exclusively feeds on mango seeds and is recognized as one of the most destructive quarantine pests worldwide. Despite its considerable ecological and economic impacts, the genomic basis underpinning its host specialization and invasion potential remains poorly understood.

Results: A high-quality genomic assembly was generated, totaling 701.

Comprehensive identification and systematical characterization of BRX gene family and the functional of GhBRXL5A in response to salt stress.

Background: BRVIS RADIX (BRX) family is a small gene family with the highly conserved plant-specific BRX domains, which plays important roles in plant development and response to abiotic stress. Although BRX protein has been studied in other plants, the biological function of cotton BRX-like (BRXL) gene family is still elusive.

Result: In this study, a total of 36 BRXL genes were identified in four cotton species.

A panel of four plasma amino acids is a promising biomarker for newly diagnosed bladder cancer.

Background: Metastasis and recurrence are the main causes of death in post-operative bladder cancer (BC), emphasizing the importance of exploring early-stage diagnostic markers. Serum biomarkers constitute a promising diagnostic approach for asymptomatic stage cancer as they are non-invasive, have high accuracy and low cost.

Aims: To correlate concentrations of plasma amino acids with BC progression to assess their utility as an early-stage diagnostic.

Hagfish genome elucidates vertebrate whole-genome duplication events and their evolutionary consequences.

Polyploidy or whole-genome duplication (WGD) is a major event that drastically reshapes genome architecture and is often assumed to be causally associated with organismal innovations and radiations. The 2R hypothesis suggests that two WGD events (1R and 2R) occurred during early vertebrate evolution. However, the timing of the 2R event relative to the divergence of gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates) and cyclostomes (jawless hagfishes and lampreys) is unresolved and whether these WGD events underlie vertebrate phenotypic diversification remains elusive.

Genome-wide association analysis of kernel nutritional quality in two natural maize populations.

Unlabelled: As one of the three staple crops, nutritional traits in maize are important for human and animal nutrition. Grain quality-related traits are closely related to grain commercial value. Understanding the genetic basis of quality-related traits in maize would be helpful for breeding high-quality maize varieties.

Germinated Brown rice enhanced n-3 PUFA metabolism in type 2 diabetes patients: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Brown rice (BR) has been considered as a potential strategy in improving T2DM. However, there are a lack of population-based trials on the association of Germinated brown rice (GBR) and diabetes.

Aims: We aimed to explore the influence of GBR diet in T2DM patients for 3 months and whether this effect relates to serum fatty acids.

Branched Chain Amino Acids, New Target of Germinated Brown Rice against Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Scope: Adequate intake of whole grain foods is beneficial to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Whether the preventive effects are related with metabolism of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) is unclear. The study aims to evaluate the effects of germinated brown rice (GBR) intervention on BCAAs metabolism in T2DM patients.

Fatty foods and the risk of bladder cancer: A case-control study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the association between dietary fatty foods and the risk for bladder cancer.

Methods: Patients newly diagnosed with bladder cancer (n = 113) and 292 controls were recruited. A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to investigate the food intake within 1 y.

HMOX1 silencing prevents doxorubicin-induced cardiomyocyte injury, mitochondrial dysfunction, and ferroptosis by downregulating CTGF.

Objectives: Doxorubicin is a type of effective antitumor drug but can contribute to cardiomyocyte injuries. We aimed to dissect the mechanism of the HMOX1/CTGF axis in DOX-induced cardiomyocyte injury, mitochondrial dysfunction, and ferroptosis.

Methods: Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to retrieve differentially expressed genes in a DOX-induced mouse model.

The evolution and diversification of oakleaf butterflies.

Oakleaf butterflies in the genus Kallima have a polymorphic wing phenotype, enabling these insects to masquerade as dead leaves. This iconic example of protective resemblance provides an interesting evolutionary paradigm that can be employed to study biodiversity. We integrated multi-omic data analyses and functional validation to infer the evolutionary history of Kallima species and investigate the genetic basis of their variable leaf wing patterns.

Genome-wide survey of open chromatin regions in two swallowtail butterflies Papilio machaon and P. bianor.

Papilio machaon was assigned as the type species for all butterflies by Linnaeus and P. bianor is a congener but exhibits a great difference in morphology (especially larva and adult color pattern) and larval host plants from P. machaon.

High-quality reference genomes of swallowtail butterflies provide insights into their coloration evolution.

Swallowtail butterflies (Papilionidae) are a historically significant butterfly group due to their colorful wing patterns, extensive morphological diversity, and phylogenetically important position as a sister group to all other butterflies and have been widely studied regarding ecological adaption, phylogeny, genetics, and evolution. Notably, they contain a unique class of pigments, i.e.

Integrated Analysis of Transcriptome and Proteome to Reveal Pupal Color Switch in Butterflies.

Pupal color polyphenism in butterflies, including green, intermediate, or brown, is an excellent study system for understanding phenotypic plasticity. Previous studies suggested that development of brown pupae may be controlled by a hormone called pupal-cuticle-melanizing-hormone (PCMH) which is synthesized and secreted from brain-suboesophageal ganglion and prothoracic ganglion complexes (Br-SG-TG1) during the pre-pupa stage. However, detailed molecular mechanisms of neuroendocrine regulation in pupal color development remain unknown.

Derivedness Index for Estimating Degree of Phenotypic Evolution of Embryos: A Study of Comparative Transcriptomic Analyses of Chordates and Echinoderms.

Species retaining ancestral features, such as species called living fossils, are often regarded as less derived than their sister groups, but such discussions are usually based on qualitative enumeration of conserved traits. This approach creates a major barrier, especially when quantifying the degree of phenotypic evolution or degree of derivedness, since it focuses only on commonly shared traits, and newly acquired or lost traits are often overlooked. To provide a potential solution to this problem, especially for inter-species comparison of gene expression profiles, we propose a new method named "derivedness index" to quantify the degree of derivedness.

Chromatin accessibility profiling provides insights into larval cuticle color and adult longevity in butterflies.

Butterflies are diverse in virtually all aspects of their ontogeny, including morphology, life history, and behavior. However, the developmental regulatory mechanisms underlying the important phenotypic traits of butterflies at different developmental stages remain unknown. Here, we investigated the developmental regulatory profiles of butterflies based on transposase accessible chromatin sequencing (ATAC-seq) at three developmental stages in two representative species ( and ).

Large-scale sequencing of flatfish genomes provides insights into the polyphyletic origin of their specialized body plan.

The evolutionary and genetic origins of the specialized body plan of flatfish are largely unclear. We analyzed the genomes of 11 flatfish species representing 9 of the 14 Pleuronectiforme families and conclude that Pleuronectoidei and Psettodoidei do not form a monophyletic group, suggesting independent origins from different percoid ancestors. Genomic and transcriptomic data indicate that genes related to WNT and retinoic acid pathways, hampered musculature and reduced lipids might have functioned in the evolution of the specialized body plan of Pleuronectoidei.

Genome-wide identification and gene-editing of pigment transporter genes in the swallowtail butterfly Papilio xuthus.

Background: Insect body coloration often functions as camouflage to survive from predators or mate selection. Transportation of pigment precursors or related metabolites from cytoplasm to subcellular pigment granules is one of the key steps in insect pigmentation and usually executed via such transporter proteins as the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transmembrane transporters and small G-proteins (e.g.

Draft Genome of the European Mouflon ().

Mouflon () with its huge and beautiful horns is considered as one of the ancestors of domesticated sheep. The European mouflon () is in the Asiatic mouflon () clade. In order to provide novel genome information for mouflon, moreover promote genetic analysis of genus both domestic and wild, we propose to sequence the mouflon genome.

Identification of Key Genes for the Ultrahigh Yield of Rice Using Dynamic Cross-tissue Network Analysis.

Significantly increasing crop yield is a major and worldwide challenge for food supply and security. It is well-known that rice cultivated at Taoyuan in Yunnan of China can produce the highest yield worldwide. Yet, the gene regulatory mechanism underpinning this ultrahigh yield has been a mystery.

Genomic insights of body plan transitions from bilateral to pentameral symmetry in Echinoderms.

Echinoderms are an exceptional group of bilaterians that develop pentameral adult symmetry from a bilaterally symmetric larva. However, the genetic basis in evolution and development of this unique transformation remains to be clarified. Here we report newly sequenced genomes, developmental transcriptomes, and proteomes of diverse echinoderms including the green sea urchin (L.