Small extracellular vesicles-based drug delivery systems for therapies of gastrointestinal tumours.

Gastrointestinal tumours pose a significant threat to human health. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have emerged as a promising approach for drug delivery in the treatment of gastrointestinal tumours. sEVs exhibit intrinsic advantages over synthetic nanoparticles, including native targeting ligands, the ability to cross biological barriers via membrane fusion, and reduced immune clearance mediated by surface CD47, thereby overcoming limitations of conventional nanocarriers such as rapid opsonisation and hepatic sequestration.

Integrated Multi-Omics Analyses Reveal Innovative Diagnostic and Therapeutic Targets Associated with Atopic Dermatitis.

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic skin disorder that impacts patients' physical and mental health. Diagnosing AD mainly depends on evaluating medical history and symptoms, as there are no universally accepted biomarkers for it. Identifying novel, reliable biomarkers is crucial to enhance diagnostic accuracy, reduce healthcare costs, and aid in developing new treatments.

Active peptides of TSP-1 inhibit retinal angiogenesis through the CD36 pathway in a rat model of choroidal neovascularization.

Background: Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a key manifestation of intraocular neovascularization, and it is considered one of the main causes of blindness in ophthalmology. Additionally, multiple anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs have been used as first-line treatment for CNV. However, several issues posed challenges to the anti-VEGF drugs, which were mainly composed of short duration of action, requirement for repeated injections, and complications.

Extracellular Vesicles as Emerging Therapeutic Strategies in Spinal Cord Injury: Ready to Go.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a prevalent central nervous system disorder that causes significant disability and mortality. Unfortunately, due to the complex pathophysiological mechanisms involved, there remains a critical paucity of effective therapeutic interventions capable of achieving neural tissue regeneration and functional recovery enhancement in SCI patients. The advancements in extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a cell-free therapy for SCI have displayed notable benefits.

Plant-Derived Nanovesicles: A Promising Frontier in Tissue Repair and Antiaging.

In recent years, mammal-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been widely used in studies on tissue repair and antiaging. Their therapeutic potential lies in mediating intercellular communication through the transfer of various bioactive molecules. As research on nanovesicles progresses, plant-derived nanovesicles (PDNVs) have attracted growing attention as a promising alternative.

Neutrophil membrane engineered human umbilical cord MSC-derived sEVs enhance anti-tumor efficacy for gastric cancer via delivering pentraxin 3.

Gastric cancer poses a significant global health challenge, promoting ongoing updates and exploration of treatment strategies. In this study, we proposed the naïve human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell derived small extracellular vesicles (hucMSC-sEVs) effectively inhibit gastric cancer proliferation and migration, presenting a promising bioactive agent for gastric cancer therapy. To address the issues of shortage in circulation time, limited targeting efficiency, suboptimal therapeutic outcomes associated with hucMSC-sEVs, we engineered a membrane fusion between hucMSC-sEVs with human neutrophil membrane, creating Neu/MSC-sEVs.

Exomeres and supermeres: Current advances and perspectives.

Recent studies have revealed a great diversity and complexity in extracellular vesicles and particles (EVPs). The developments in techniques and the growing awareness of the particle heterogeneity have spurred active research on new particle subsets. Latest discoveries highlighted unique features and roles of non-vesicular extracellular nanoparticles (NVEPs) as promising biomarkers and targets for diseases.

Extracellular particles: emerging insights into central nervous system diseases.

Extracellular particles (EPs), including extracellular vesicles (EVs) and non-vesicular extracellular particles (NVEPs), are multimolecular biomaterials released by cells that play a crucial role in intercellular communication. Recently, new subtypes of EPs associated with central nervous system (CNS), such as exophers and supermeres have been identified. These EPs provide new perspectives for understanding the pathological progression of CNS disorders and confer potential diagnostic value for liquid biopsies in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs).

Small extracellular vesicles: crucial mediators for prostate cancer.

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) play a critical role in the progression, diagnosis, and treatment of prostate cancer (PCa), particularly within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Acting as novel biomarkers and agents for targeted biological therapy, sEVs contribute significantly to improving patient survival. These vesicles transport a variety of biomolecules, including proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, which are instrumental in remodeling the TME, facilitating intercellular communication, and influencing key processes such as tumor growth, metastasis, and therapy resistance.

Highly Efficient Delivery of Novel MiR-13896 by Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Inhibits Gastric Cancer Progression by Targeting ATG2A-Mediated Autophagy.

Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite recent advancements, clinical outcomes for GC remain unsatisfactory. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have shown promise in inhibiting tumor progression, but their role in GC, specifically human umbilical cord MSC-derived small EVs (hucMSC-sEVs), is not well understood.

Emerging advanced approaches for liquid biopsy: nucleic acid assays of extracellular vesicles.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as valuable biomarkers in liquid biopsies owing to their stability, accessibility, and ability to encapsulate nucleic acids. The majority of existing methodologies for detecting EV nucleic acid biomarkers require the lysis of EVs to extract DNA or RNA. This process is labor-intensive and may lead to the loss and degradation of nucleic acids.

cGAS/STING pathway and gastrointestinal cancer: Mechanisms and diagnostic and therapeutic targets (Review).

The health of individuals is seriously threatened by intestinal cancer, which includes pancreatic, colorectal, esophageal, gastric and gallbladder cancer. Most gastrointestinal cancers do not have typical and specific early symptoms, and lack specific and effective diagnostic markers and treatment methods. It is critical to understand the etiology of gastrointestinal cancer and develop more efficient methods of diagnosis and treatment.

pH-Responsive supramolecular vesicles for imaging-guided drug delivery: Harnessing aggregation-induced emission.

The water-soluble tribenzotriquinacene-based hexacarboxylic acid ammonium salt, , acts as the host component () forming host-guest complexes with tetraphenylethylene (TPE)-functionalized monotopic and tetratopic quaternary ammonium derivatives, and , to yield supra-amphiphiles. These supra-amphiphiles self-assemble to form pH-responsive fluorescent vesicles, which have allowed us to capitalize on the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) effect for imaging-guided drug delivery systems. These systems exhibit efficient drug loading and pH-responsive delivery capabilities.

Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles ameliorate renal interstitial fibrosis via the miR-13474/ADAM17 axis.

Renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) is a prevalent consequence of chronic renal diseases, characterized by excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17), a transmembrane metalloproteinase, plays a central role in driving renal fibrosis progression by activating Notch 1 protein and the downstream TGF-β signaling pathway. Our study investigated potential therapeutic interventions for renal fibrosis, focusing on human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (hucMSC-EVs).

Single-cell RNA transcriptomic reveal the mechanism of MSC derived small extracellular vesicles against DKD fibrosis.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), a chronic kidney disease, is characterized by progressive fibrosis caused due to persistent hyperglycemia. The development of fibrosis in DKD determines the patient prognosis, but no particularly effective treatment. Here, small extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-sEV) have been used to treat DKD fibrosis.

Exosomal circ50547 as a potential marker and promotor of gastric cancer progression via miR-217/HNF1B axis.

Background: Exosomes, one of small extracellular vesicles, play a vital role in cell to cell communication and contribute to the advancement of tumors through their cargo molecules. Exosomal circRNAs have emerged as significant players in various types of tumors. Thus, this study aimed to investigate how exosomal circRNAs are involved in the diagnosis and progression of gastric cancer (GC).

Arachidonic acid released by PIK3CA mutant tumor cells triggers malignant transformation of colonic epithelium by inducing chromatin remodeling.

Key gene mutations are essential for colorectal cancer (CRC) development; however, how the mutated tumor cells impact the surrounding normal cells to promote tumor progression has not been well defined. Here, we report that PIK3CA mutant tumor cells transmit oncogenic signals and result in malignant transformation of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) via paracrine exosomal arachidonic acid (AA)-induced H3K4 trimethylation. Mechanistically, PIK3CA mutations sustain SGK3-FBW7-mediated stability of the cPLA2 protein, leading to the synthetic increase in AA, which is transported through exosome and accumulated in IECs.

Erratum: Circular RNA Hsa_circRNA_101996 promotes the development of Gastric Cancer via Upregulating Matrix Metalloproteinases-2/Matrix Metalloproteinases-9 through MicroRNA-143/Ten-eleven translocation-2 Pathway: Erratum.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.7150/jca.62121.

Signal mining and risk analysis of Alprazolam adverse events based on the FAERS database.

This study aims to evaluate the safety of Alprazolam by analyzing the FAERS database, provide data analysis for monitoring adverse drug reactions. This research encompasses adverse event (AE) reports related to Alprazolam from the first quarter of 2004 to the second quarter of 2023. Four signal mining and analysis methods were utilized, including Reporting Odds Ratio (ROR), Proportional Reporting Ratio (PRR), Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Network (BCPNN), and Empirical Bayesian Geometric Mean (EBGM).

Emerging role of extracellular vesicles in diabetic retinopathy.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a complex complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), is a leading cause of adult blindness. Hyperglycemia triggers DR, resulting in microvascular damage, glial apoptosis, and neuronal degeneration. Inflammation and oxidative stress play crucial roles during this process.

A molecular container providing supramolecular protection against acetylcholine hydrolysis.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by cognitive decline, often attributed to the deficiency of acetylcholine, which can undergo hydrolysis by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) within the biological milieu. Here, we report a supramolecular strategy that takes advantage of confinement effects to inhibit such a hydrolysis process, shedding some light on AD therapy. A water-soluble and bowl-shaped molecule, hexacarboxylated tribenzotriquinacene (TBTQ-C6), was employed to shield acetylcholine (G1) from enzymatic degradation through host-guest binding interactions.

A Dual Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles on TRPC6 Protein and Mitochondria to Promote Diabetic Wound Healing.

Diabetic wounds exhibit delayed and incomplete healing, usually due to vascular and nerve damage. Dysregulation of cellular Ca homeostasis has recently been shown to be closely related to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the involvement of this dysregulation in diabetic wound complications remains unknown.