Tumor-resident probiotic Clostridium butyricum improves aPD-1 efficacy in colorectal cancer models by inhibiting IL-6-mediated immunosuppression.

Most colorectal cancer (CRC) patients do not respond to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. Here, we identify Clostridium butyricum as a probiotic that boosts anti-PD-1 efficacy in CRC. In orthotopic allografts of microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) and microsatellite stable (MSS) CRC, C.

New Mesoionic Pyrido[1,2‑] Pyrimidines Containing Oxime Esters against with Better Safety to Pollinating Insects.

The selectivity of pesticides for harmful insects versus beneficial organisms has long been a critical issue in agriculture. Pyrido-[1,2-] pyrimidine mesoionics have been widely demonstrated to effectively control a diverse range of insect pests. However, many of their analogues have exhibited high toxicity to bees.

Activation of intestinal endogenous retroviruses by alcohol exacerbates liver disease.

Alcohol-associated liver disease represents a significant global health challenge, with gut microbial dysbiosis and bacterial translocation playing a critical role in its pathogenesis. Patients with alcohol-associated hepatitis had increased fecal abundance of mammalian viruses, including retroviruses. This study investigated the role of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) in the development of alcohol-associated liver disease.

Microplastic Pollution and Its Ecological Risks in the Xisha Islands, South China Sea.

China is facing increasing marine microplastic pollution. Despite the fact that the South China Sea is the largest marine area in China, the ecological danger and present state of microplastic contamination in this region have not been systematically and comprehensively investigated. This study analyzed the abundance, distribution, and characteristics of microplastics in different environmental media and biological samples from the Xisha Islands in the South China Sea, and then the ecological risk assessment of microplastic pollution in this area was conducted.

Hypericin photoactivation induces triple-negative breast cancer cells pyroptosis by targeting the ROS/CALR/Caspase-3/GSDME pathway.

Introduction: Hypericin (HP), a natural photosensitizer, has demonstrated great efficacy in photodynamic therapy (PDT) for cancer treatment. In addition to the induction of apoptosis and necrosis through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, the therapeutic mechanisms and targets of PDT-HP remain unknown.

Objectives: To investigate the direct targets and mechanisms of action of photoactivated hypericin in the inhibition of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).

Design of Dielectric Elastomer Actuator and Its Application in Flexible Gripper.

Dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) are difficult to apply to flexible grippers due to their small deformation range and low output force. Hence, a DEA with a large bending deformation range and output force was designed, and a corresponding flexible gripper was developed to realize the function of grasping objects of different shapes. The relationship between the pre-stretch ratio and DEA deformation degree was tested by experiments.

The Incidence and Effect of Different Organ Metastasis on the Prognosis of NSCLC.

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the effect of different organ metastasis on the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: Patients with distant metastatic NSCLC were selected from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database during 2016 to 2019. The incidence of different organ metastasis and their association with clinicopathological factors were explored.

System based greenhouse emission analysis of off-site prefabrication: a comparative study of residential projects.

High-story residential structures and off-site prefabrication have been dominant choices in the construction industry. There is a substantial quantity of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions produced by the construction industry. In fact, the construction industry is responsible for 30 percent of all GHG emissions.

Parabacteroides distasonis uses dietary inulin to suppress NASH via its metabolite pentadecanoic acid.

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the severe form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and is characterized by liver inflammation and fat accumulation. Dietary interventions, such as fibre, have been shown to alleviate this metabolic disorder in mice via the gut microbiota. Here, we investigated the mechanistic role of the gut microbiota in ameliorating NASH via dietary fibre in mice.

Discovery of Novel Isoxazoline Compounds that Incorporate a -Diamide Moiety as Potential Insecticidal Agents against Fall Armyworm ().

is a major migratory agricultural pest, which seriously impedes agricultural production around the world. To discover potent compounds against , a number of novel isoxazoline derivatives were designed and synthesized and created on account of the identified lead compound (4-(5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-3-yl)-2-methyl--(3-propionamidophenyl)benzamide). Based on the three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship of those compounds, the compound (-(4-acetamidophenyl)-4-(5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-3-yl)-2-methylbenzamide) was developed.

Melatonin Protects Against Hyperoxia-Induced Apoptosis in Alveolar Epithelial type II Cells by Activating the MT2/PI3K/AKT/ETS1 Signaling Pathway.

Purpose: Hyperoxia-induced apoptosis in alveolar epithelial type II cells (AECIIs) plays a critical role in the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Melatonin has been shown to improve BPD. However, the protective effect of melatonin on hyperoxia-induced apoptosis in AECIIs and the precise mechanisms involved remain unclear.

A Study on Risk Factors Associated with Reflux Esophagitis in Patients Undergoing Esophageal Cancer Surgery.

Objective: To investigate the risk factors associated with reflux esophagitis in patients undergoing esophageal cancer surgery and to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of reflux esophagitis.

Methods: In the manner retrospective study, the data of 300 patients with esophageal cancer who received the surgical treatment in our hospital (January 2018-December 2020) were retrospectively reviewed. The 300 patients were divided into the occurrence group ( = 45) and nonoccurrence group ( = 255) depending on whether they had reflux esophagitis after surgery.

Activated Natural Killer Cell Promotes Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Through Mediating JAK/STAT Pathway.

Background & Aims: Hepatic immune microenvironment plays a pivotal role in the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, the role of natural killer (NK) cells, accounting for 10%-20% of liver lymphocytes, in NASH is still unclear. In this study, we aim to investigate the functional significance of NK cells in NASH evolution.

In Vivo Molecular Insights into Syntrophic Aggregates.

Direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) has been considered as a novel and highly efficient strategy in both natural anaerobic environments and artificial microbial fuel cells. A syntrophic model consisting of and was studied in this work. We conducted in vivo molecular mapping of the outer surface of the syntrophic community as the interface of nutrients and energy exchange.

Serum miR-101-3p combined with pepsinogen contributes to the early diagnosis of gastric cancer.

Background: This study aimed to explore the diagnostic value of serum miR-101-3p combined with pepsinogen (PG) on early diagnosis of gastric cancer (GC).

Methods: A total of 61 atrophic gastritis (AG) and 86 GC patients, and 50 healthy volunteers were enrolled. The serum expression of miR-101-3p was measured by qRT-PCR.

Peak selection matters in principal component analysis: A case study of syntrophic microbes.

In situ liquid time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) is a powerful technique to study surface characterization of living biofilms in hydrated conditions. However, ToF-SIMS data analysis is still a great challenge in complicated bacterial biofilms, because many interference peaks from the medium may result in inaccurate interpretation. In this study, two syntrophic Geobacter populations are investigated using in situ liquid ToF-SIMS to reveal the biofilm surface changes between them due to direct interspecies electron transfer.

Novel Core-Shell Hybrid Nanosphere towards the Mechanical Enhancement and Fire Retardance of Polycarbonate.

It is a huge challenge to achieve highly efficient fire retardance with no mechanical damage to polymers. In our current research, a novel core-shell titanium dioxide@diphenylphosphinic (TiO@DPP) nanosphere was first synthesized through a hydrothermal reacting process, and applied in simultaneously enhancing the fire retardance and mechanical properties of polycarbonate (PC). The well-designed TiO@DPP exhibited a significant effect on combustion performance and mechanical reinforcement of PC.

In Situ Characterization of Shewanella oneidensis MR1 Biofilms by SALVI and ToF-SIMS.

Bacterial biofilms are surface-associated communities that are vastly studied to understand their self-produced extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and their roles in environmental microbiology. This study outlines a method to cultivate biofilm attachment to the System for Analysis at the Liquid Vacuum Interface (SALVI) and achieve in situ chemical mapping of a living biofilm by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). This is done through the culturing of bacteria both outside and within the SALVI channel with our specialized setup, as well as through optical imaging techniques to detect the biofilm presence and thickness before ToF-SIMS analysis.

Characterization of syntrophic Geobacter communities using ToF-SIMS.

The aggregation of syntrophic Geobacter metallireducens and Geobacter sulfurreducens is beneficial for enhancing direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET). Although DIET was suspected to occur on the microbial community surface, the surface chemical speciation of such cocultured communities remains unclear. In order to better understand surface interactions related to DIET, the authors characterized a series of samples associated with syntrophic G.

Magnetic Fe₃O₄-Based Sandwich-Type Biosensor Using Modified Gold Nanoparticles as Colorimetric Probes for the Detection of Dopamine.

In this work, we designed a visual biosensor for dopamine (DA) detection using magnetic Fe₃O₄ particles and dithiobis(sulfosuccinimidylpropionate)-modified gold nanoparticles (DTSSP-AuNPs) as the recognition elements. Specifically, DA molecules were assembled onto the surface of DTSSP-AuNPs via the amine coupling reaction between the amino group of DA and activated carboxyl group of DTSSP. Accordingly, DA-anchored DTSSP-AuNPs were captured by Fe₃O₄ through the interaction of catechol and iron.