Monitoring of vegetation chlorophyll content in photovoltaic areas using UAV-mounted multispectral imaging.

The rapid and accurate acquisition of vegetation information, particularly chlorophyll content, is essential for effective vegetation management and ensuring the safe operation of photovoltaic power plants. In this study, the vegetation within a photovoltaic power plant served as the research subject, and multispectral images were acquired using unmanned aerial vehicles, while chlorophyll measurements were obtained through ground-based sampling at multiple time points. From these images, twenty vegetation indices and thirty-two texture features were extracted.

Radiation-Powered Catalytic Alchemy: 3e Reduction of Perrhenate via Confined Active Sites in Covalent Organic Framework Nanoreactors.

The catalytic reduction of high-valent metal oxysalts to their low-valent counterparts represents a pivotal route for environmental remediation and sustainable resource recovery. However, the inherently low redox potentials of certain oxysalts, exemplified by perrhenate (ReO), pose a persistent challenge for conventional reduction strategies. Herein, we report a rationally designed π-conjugated olefin-linked covalent organic framework (COF) catalyst, which incorporates isolated transition metal centers (M = Ni or Cu) to facilitate the γ-ray-powered catalytic reduction of ReO.

Flow regimes and repose angle in a rotating drum filled with highly concave particles.

We present a series of experiments investigating the flow regimes and repose angles of highly concave particle packings in a rotating drum. By varying grain geometry from spherical to highly nonconvex shapes, adjusting frictional properties and the particle number of branches, we examine how these parameters and the drum speed influence the flow behavior. Our study identifies two distinct flow regimes: the rolling regime, where granular matter exhibits solid-like behavior near the walls and flows like a liquid near the free surface, and the slumping regime, characterized by cyclic avalanches and solid body rotations.

Lactobacillus-based probiotic cocktail inhibits colitis-associated cancer by altering intestinal metabolism.

Objective: Dysbiosis of intestinal microbiome is an important colorectal cancer (CRC) pathogenetic mechanism. Lactobacillus-based probiotic cocktail could inhibit colitis-associated cancer (CAC) by alleviating intestinal dysbiosis. The intestinal microbial metabolites have been linked with CRC etiology.

Skimmianine Attenuates Osteoclast Activity by Suppressing ERp57-Driven Calcium Oscillations/Calcineurin/Nfatc1 Signalling in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis.

Postmenopausal osteoporosis is primarily attributed to the hyperactivation of osteoclast-induced bone resorption. The differentiation and function of osteoclasts rely on the regulation of calcium oscillations/calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cells (Nfat) pathway. Therefore, the development of natural compounds that aim at the crucial regulator of the aforementioned pathway is essential for the suppression of osteoclastogenesis and its clinical application.

Double Spin Resonance for Traceable Ultrasensitive Atomic Spin Sensor.

We report an ultrasensitive atomic spin sensor employing double spin resonance, achieving a spin signal enhancement of 2600 and a sensitivity of 0.57  fT/sqrt[Hz] under nonzero magnetic field measurements. Furthermore, we establish an in situ alkali-noble-gas spin sensor by tracing the measured spin precession frequency to the nuclear spins gyromagnetic ratio constant with high accuracy.

Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 as a potential prognostic biomarker in papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Backgroud: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) represents a malignant epithelial tumor characterized with a preference for younger individuals. Despite its generally favorable prognosis, PTC still poses considerable challenges, particularly in regards to the propensity for distant metastasis. As a key enzyme in the glycolytic pathway, phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) has been linked to the progression of various cancer types.

Expression differences and relationships of endothelin-1, interleukin-6 and c-kit in hypertensive patients with and without depression.

Background: Hypertension is a chronic cardiovascular disease characterized by persistently elevated arterial blood pressure. It is not only a significant risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (such as myocardial infarction and stroke) but also closely related to multiple organ damages (such as kidney disease and retinopathy), imposing a heavy health and economic burden on individuals and society.

Aim: To investigate the expression differences and relationships of endothelin-1 (ET-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), stem cell factor (SCF), and its receptor (c-kit) in hypertensive patients with or without depression.

A Single Center Study of Efficacy and Safety Assessment of ERCP in Elderly Patients.

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has emerged as a valuable minimally invasive therapeutic method for pancreatobiliary diseases and is now utilized in numerous hospitals. As the population ages, greater attention must be paid to the risk of ERCP complications, since even minor issues can be fatal for older patients. The primary objective of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes of ERCP in elderly versus non-elderly patients, as well as to validate the procedure's safety and feasibility.

Intrahepatic Cholangiolithiasis Extraction During Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Using a Disposable Ultrafine Peroral Cholangioscope.

Hepatolithiasis refers to the presence of stones in the branching bile ducts above the confluence of the left and right hepatic ducts, often accompanied by extrahepatic bile duct stones. These stones can induce local infections and secondary bile duct strictures, making their discharge difficult and leading to severe complications. While endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is an effective minimally invasive method for treating cholangiolithiasis, it is often challenging to address hepatolithiasis using this technique.

Robust spin-filtering and current-switching in a photochromic Fe(II) spin-crossover complex.

Transition metal spin-crossover (SCO) complexes with magnetic bistability show great promise as spin-switches for molecule-based devices. Using first-principles calculations combined with the non-equilibrium Green's function technique, we explored the spin-resolved electronic and transport properties of photochromic Fe(II) SCO complexes in the high-spin state with the open-ring (HS-O) isomer and in the low-spin state with the closed-ring (LS-C) isomer, since the photocyclization and photocycloreversion between the HS-O and LS-C isomers can be reversibly realized under light radiation with different wavelengths at room temperature as in previous experiments. Our results clearly reveal that the examined Fe(II) SCO complexes with photochromic diarylethene-based ligands in the HS-O isomer have lower energy than the LS-C isomer of 0.

A Quasi Solid-State Hydrogel/InGaN Nanorod Heterostructure-Enabled Amphibious Sensor for Stable and Cross-Medium Optical Sensing and Monitoring.

The wearable optoelectronic systems, often employed with miniaturized and portable photosensors, can be conformably integrated with the human body to promote the advancement of health monitoring and protection. However, developing advanced photosensors with a simple structure that can be sustainable with high sensitivity in different operation conditions, e.g.

Two-Dimensional Porous Beryllium Trinitride Monolayer as Multifunctional Energetic Material.

Polynitrogen compounds have broad applications in the field of high-energy materials, making the exploration of two-dimensional polynitride materials with both novel properties and practical utility a highly attractive research challenge. Through global structure search methods and first-principles theoretical calculations at the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) level of density functional theory (DFT), the globally minimum-energy configuration of a novel planar BeN monolayer (tetr-2D-BeN) is predicted. This material exhibits a planar quasi-isotropic structure containing pentagonal, hexagonal, and dodecagonal rings, as well as "S"-shaped N6 polymeric units, exhibiting a high energy density of 3.

The causal relationship between immune cell phenotypes and esophageal cancer development: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Immune cell phenotypes have been implicated in the development and progression of esophageal cancer (EC), but their causal relationships remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the potential causal associations between immune cell traits and EC risk using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

Methods: A bidirectional two-sample MR analysis was conducted using genome-wide association study data from European populations.

Synaptic loss pattern is constrained by brain connectome and modulated by phosphorylated tau in Alzheimer's disease.

Synaptic loss strongly correlates with cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet the mechanism linking its origin and pattern remain unclear. Given that connected brain regions share molecular and synaptic features, and pathological tau, a key driver of synaptic degeneration, propagates through brain networks, we hypothesize that network architecture may influence synaptic loss in AD. By combining synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 A (SV2A) PET in 91 AD patients and 54 controls with normative connectome data, we show strongly connected regions exhibit similar levels of synaptic loss, and synaptic loss in one region is associated with connectivity-weighted synaptic loss in connected regions.

Global burden of breast cancer attributable to alcohol consumption: a multi-regional observational analysis (1990-2021).

Background: Breast cancer is a leading malignancy among women worldwide, with alcohol consumption being a significant modifiable risk factor. However, the burden of breast cancer attributable to alcohol consumption across different regions has not been fully assessed.

Aims: This study aims to quantify the global burden of breast cancer due to alcohol consumption from 1990 to 2021 across various regions, and analyze the evolving trends to inform effective intervention strategies.

Efficacy of therapist-supported online remote behavioral therapy for tic disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Recently, several studies about therapist-supported online remote behavioral therapy (TSORBT) have been showed effective for tic disorders (TD). With the increasing adoption of telemedicine, a systematic review of existing evidence is crucial to confirm the efficacy of TSORBT in treating TD.

Aim: We aim to assess the efficacy of TSORBT on the treatment of TD.

Glucocorticoids and immunoglobulin alone or in combination in the treatment of multisystemic inflammatory syndrome in children: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Importance/background: Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) has sparked the creation of diverse treatment guidelines by healthcare organizations globally. The initial management strategies for MIS-C differ among these guidelines. In developed nations, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is frequently advised as the first-line treatment.

The Preparation and Characterization of Antioxidant Films Based on Hazelnut Shell-Based Vegetable Carbon Black/Chitosan/Gelatin and the Application on Soybean Oils.

In this study, hazelnut shell-based vegetable carbon black (HCB) was synthesized from renewable agricultural waste and incorporated into chitosan (CS) and gelatin (GEL) matrices to fabricate active packaging films. The structure of HCB was characterized, and the structure, physicochemical properties, antibacterial activity, ultraviolet resistance, and functional performance of CS-GEL-HCB films with varying HCB contents (0, 1, 5, and 9 wt% based on GEL) were systematically investigated. The FT-IR results revealed that intermolecular hydrogen bonds were formed between HCB and CS and GEL.

The Influence of the Annular Nozzle's Structural Parameters on Powder Stream Convergence for Laser-Directed Energy Deposition.

Laser-directed energy deposition (L-DED) technology is increasingly used in the manufacturing industry, in which the powder convergence of the feeding nozzle affects the accuracy and quality of additive manufacturing parts. However, there is nothing in the literature that gives a comprehensive optimization scheme for the powder feeding structure of the ring nozzle. In order to investigate the effect of the internal structure for the annular nozzle on powder convergence, in this paper, finite element analysis models for the annular nozzle are established, and the Lagrangian-Eulerian method is used to analyze the influence of different outlet shapes, powder feeding inclination angles, outlet gaps, and inlet shapes of annular nozzles on the powder convergence.

Seamless incorporation of artificial water channels in defect-free polyamide membrane for desalination of brackish water.

Artificial water channels (AWCs) show the potential for overcoming the permeability-selectivity tradeoff of polyamide (PA) membranes. However, the availability of biomimetic materials and limitations posed by fabrication-induced defects make the development of AWC-PA membranes a daunting task. Herein, we synthesize imidazolylethyl-ureidoethyl-phenyl (IUP) compounds to form AWC by self-assembling and provide a strategy to seamlessly incorporate AWC in defect-free PA membranes.

Epigallocatechin gallate with nobiletin as a novel combination therapy to induce autophagy and apoptosis in oral cancer.

Oral cancer (OC) represents a serious health and economic problem and the global prevalence of OC is still increasing. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant polyphenol in green tea, and nobiletin (NOB) is a bioactive polyethoxylated flavone isolated from the peels of citrus fruits. Both have been proven to exert an anti-cancer effect in OC.

Applications, life cycle assessment, and circular economy of bamboo torrefaction for sustainability: A state-of-the-art review.

This review comprehensively explores the characteristics and applications of torrefied bamboo. Bamboo has a high volatile matter (VM) content (73.9-93.

Characterization of nitrogen transformation and microbial interactions of floc sludge and biofilms in single-stage gas-lift partial nitritation/anammox reactor with hollow cylindrical carriers.

Floc sludge and biofilms are common biomass types used in the partial nitritation/anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) (PN/A) process to treat ammonium wastewater; however, the interactions between these coexisting biomass types for stable nitrogen removal have not yet been well characterized. This study employed single-stage PN/A reactor with hollow cylindrical polypropylene carriers to investigate nitrogen transformation and microbial interactions in floc sludge and biofilms during long-term stable nitrogen removal. Floc sludge primarily drove ammonia oxidation, demonstrating 11.