subsp. dipro-O: a potential therapeutic agent for ameliorating metabolic disorders in high-fat diet-induced obesity mouse model.

Background: Excessive fat intake results in lipid metabolic disorders accompanied by inflammation and other complications. However, the effectiveness of drug interventions for metabolic disorders is not ideal, owing to their inherent limitations. Here, we introduce the probiotic subsp.

Stable Zinc Electrode/Separator Interface Enabled by Phthalocyanine-Modified Separator for Advanced Zinc Metal Batteries.

Aqueous zinc (Zn) metal batteries (ZMBs) have received extensive attention as potential energy storage systems due to their inherent safety and low cost. However, the practical applications of ZMBs have been hindered by parasitic side reactions and Zn dendrite formation, undermining the efficiency of Zn anodes. With continuous research on the interfacial chemistry in ZMBs, increasing research interest is begun to focus on achieving dendrite-free Zn electrodeposition by constructing a stable separator/electrode interface.

A two-component system MCNtrB/MCNtrC related to nitrogen metabolism in Micromonospora carbonacea.

Micromonospora carbonacea JXNU-1, a strain of an actinomycete with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, isolated from soil samples from the farmland in the area of Yaohu Lake in Nanchang, China, was taken as the object of study in this paper. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that there was a pair of proteins MCNtrB/MCNtrC homologous to the two-component system NtrB/NtrC, which usually exists only in the Gram-negative bacteria and is closely related to the regulation of nitrogen metabolism, in the whole cell protein of M. carbonacea.

Predicting the Risk of Intensive Care Unit Admission in Patients With COVID-19 Presenting in the Emergency Room: Development and Evaluation of the Confusion, Respiratory Rate, Oxygen Saturation With or Without Concurrent Supplemental Oxygen, and Oxygen Supplementation Score.

Background: Existing risk evaluation tools underperform in predicting intensive care unit (ICU) admission for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed to develop and evaluate an accurate and calculator-free clinical tool for predicting ICU admission at emergency room (ER) presentation.

Methods: Data from patients with COVID-19 in a nationwide German cohort (March 2020-January 2023) were analyzed.

Plasma Glial Fibrillary Acid Protein and Phosphorated Tau 181 Association with Presynaptic Density-Dependent Tau Pathology at F-SynVesT-1 Brain PET Imaging.

Background Synaptic loss is an important factor in Alzheimer disease (AD); however, blood assays that conveniently and rapidly reflect changes in synaptic density are lacking. Purpose To correlate multiple potential synaptic blood markers with synaptic density measured using F-SynVesT-1, a fluorine 18 (F)-labeled radiotracer, brain PET and to explore the independent associations between these markers and synaptic density. Materials and Methods This prospective study included 50 cognitively unimpaired (mean age, 65.

Impact of NBP on acute ischemic stroke: Tracking therapy effect on neuroinflammation.

Background: Ischemic stroke is the leading cause of death and long-term disability worldwide. After stroke, microglia exhibit not only pro-inflammatory phenotype to aggravate the neuroinflammation, but also anti-inflammatory phenotype to play a neuroprotective role. Studies on the spatial and temporal changes in microglia and the underlying mechanisms help to elucidate the inflammatory cascade after stroke.

Mn-doped rare-earth-free MgNbO phosphors for optical temperature sensing.

In this report, rare-earth-free MgNbO:Mn phosphors were obtained through a high-temperature solid-state reaction. This work aims to investigate the photoluminescence properties of MgNbO:Mn phosphors and the temperature sensitive performance of the optimized phosphor. The crystal structure and lattice parameters as well as the effects of the dopant ions on the host structure were investigated.

Human NMO-IgG Induced Different Pathological and Immunological Changes in the CNS and Peripheral Tissues of Mice.

Objectives: The majority of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) patients are seropositive for aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-specific antibodies [also named neuromyelitis optica immunoglobulin G antibodies (NMO-IgG)]. Although NMO-IgG can induce pathological changes in the central nervous system (CNS), the immunological changes in the CNS and peripheral tissue remain largely unknown. We investigated whether NMO-IgG binds to tissue expressing AQP4 and induces immunological changes in the peripheral tissue and CNS.

Synthesis and photoluminescence properties of high-quality reddish-orange emitting CaNbO:Eu phosphors for WLEDs and anti-counterfeiting.

In this report, we successfully synthesized a novel trivalent europium (Eu)-activated CaNbO phosphor emitting reddish-orange light its D → F and D → F transitions. In the CaNbO host, Eu ions exhibited optimal doping at a concentration of 15 mol%, with the concentration-quenching mechanism predominantly driven by electric dipole-dipole interactions. In addition, the CaNbO:Eu phosphor exhibited excellent thermal stability with a photoluminescence (PL) intensity of 71.

Comparison of clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 or non-COVID-19 community-acquired pneumonia in a prospective observational cohort study.

Purpose: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and non-COVID-19 community-acquired pneumonia (NC-CAP) often result in hospitalization with considerable risks of mortality, ICU treatment, and long-term morbidity. A comparative analysis of clinical outcomes in COVID-19 CAP (C-CAP) and NC-CAP may improve clinical management.

Methods: Using prospectively collected CAPNETZ study data (January 2017 to June 2021, 35 study centers), we conducted a comprehensive analysis of clinical outcomes including in-hospital death, ICU treatment, length of hospital stay (LOHS), 180-day survival, and post-discharge re-hospitalization rate.

CD22 blockade aggravates EAE and its role in microglia polarization.

Aims: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory demyelinating disease. Microglia are reportedly involved in the pathogenesis of MS. However, the key molecules that control the inflammatory activity of microglia in MS have not been identified.

Fibrinogen deposition promotes neuroinflammation and fibrin-derived γ peptide ameliorates neurological deficits after ischemic stroke.

Background: Fibrin(ogen) deposition in the central nervous system (CNS) contributes to neuropathological injury; however, its role in ischemic stroke is unknown. In this study, we identified fibrinogen as a novel proinflammatory regulator of post-stroke neuroinflammation and revealed the neuro-protection effect of fibrin-derived γpeptide in stroke.

Methods: Fibrinogen depletion and fibrinogen-derived γpeptide treatment were performed 2 h after establishing a permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) model.

Expression of Staphylococcus aureus translation elongation factor P is regulated by a stress-inducible promotor.

Translation elongation factor P, expressed by the efp gene, is a conserved protein closely related to bacterial virulence and environmental stress regulation responses, however, little is known about the efp gene expression regulations. Here, the strain of Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus NCTC 8325 was taken as the research object and cultured under different conditions, including different culture temperatures, pH, and antibiotics, to study the expression of the efp gene in S.

Serum Albumin Level Can Predict Immunotherapy Response of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders in the Acute Phase.

Background: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. However, few biomarkers have been found to predict the outcome of immunotherapy. We investigated the relationship between the serum albumin (S-Alb) and response to immunotherapy in acute NMOSD patients.

Malnutrition and cerebral intraparenchymal damage in patients with thrombosis of dural sinuses and/or cerebral veins.

Backgrounds: Thrombosis of dural sinuses and/or cerebral veins (CVT) is an uncommon form of cerebrovascular disease. Malnutrition is common in patients with cerebrovascular disease, and early assessment of malnutrition and individualized nutritional treatment have been reported to improve functional outcomes of these patients. As for CVT patients, little is known about whether these patients would suffer from malnutrition.

Imaging of microglia in post-stroke inflammation.

Microglia constantly survey the central nervous system microenvironment and maintain brain homeostasis. Microglia activation, polarization and inflammatory response are of great importance in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke. For exploring biochemical processes in vivo, positron emission tomography (PET) is a superior imaging tool.

Functional limitations 12 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection correlate with initial disease severity: An observational study of cardiopulmonary exercise capacity testing in COVID-19 convalescents.

Background: Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing (CPET) provides a comprehensive assessment of pulmonary, cardiovascular and musculosceletal function. Reduced CPET performance could be an indicator for chronic morbidity after COVID-19.

Methods: Patients ≥18 years with confirmed PCR positive SARS-CoV-2 infection were offered to participate in a prospective observational study of clinical course and outcomes of COVID-19.

Human adipose and synovial mesenchymal stem cells improve osteoarthritis in rats by reducing chondrocyte reactive oxygen species and inhibiting inflammatory response.

Background: We explored the therapeutic effects of Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) and Synovial-derived mesenchymal stem cells (SDMSCs) on osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods: SDMSCs and ADMSCs were co-cultured with chondrocytes and stimulated with interleukin (IL)-1β. An OA model was established on rats by intra-articular injection with ADMSCs and SDMSCs.

Corrigendum: Low Frequency Ultrasound With Injection of NMO-IgG and Complement Produces Lesions Different From Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Mice.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.

Low Frequency Ultrasound With Injection of NMO-IgG and Complement Produces Lesions Different From Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Mice.

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), a relapsing autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, mainly targets the optic nerve and spinal cord. To date, all attempts at the establishment of NMOSD animal models have been based on neuromyelitis optica immunoglobulin G antibody (NMO-IgG) and mimic the disease in part. To solve this problem, we developed a rodent model by opening the blood-brain barrier (BBB) with low frequency ultrasound, followed by injection of NMO-IgG from NMOSD patients and complement to mice suffering pre-existing neuroinflammation produced by experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).

Astrocytic YAP prevents the demyelination through promoting expression of cholesterol synthesis genes in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Cholesterols are the main components of myelin, and are mainly synthesized in astrocytes and transported to oligodendrocytes and neurons in the adult brain. It has been reported that Hippo/yes-associated protein (YAP) pathways are involved in cholesterol synthesis in the liver, however, it remains unknown whether YAP signaling can prevent the demyelination through promoting cholesterol synthesis in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a commonly used animal model of multiple sclerosis characterized by neuroinflammation and demyelination. Here, we found that YAP was upregulated and activated in astrocytes of spinal cords of EAE mice through suppression of the Hippo pathway.

miR-20a suppresses Treg differentiation by targeting Map3k9 in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Background: Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a model for inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), a group of autoimmune diseases characterized by inflammatory infiltration, demyelination, and axonal damage. miR-20a is dysregulated in patients with CNS inflammatory demyelinating diseases; however, the function of miR-20a remains unclear. In this study, we intended to explore the role of miR-20a in EAE.

The identification, development and therapeutic potential of IL-10-producing regulatory B cells in multiple sclerosis.

Regulatory B cells are a rare B-cell subset widely known to exert their immunosuppressive function via the production of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and other mechanisms. B10 cells are a special subset of regulatory B cells with immunoregulatory function that is fully attributed to IL-10. Their unique roles in the animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS) have been described, as well as their relevance in MS patients.