Enhancing Alcohol Dehydrogenase Activity for the Efficient Synthesis of ()-2-Chloro-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethanol Using Computer-Aided Combinational Mutagenesis.

()-2-chloro-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethanol (()-CPEO) is an important chiral precursor of the antifungal drug luriconazole. In this study, a mutant alcohol dehydrogenase, ADH from , was redesigned for the efficient synthesis of ()-CPEO by using virtual saturation mutagenesis to assess beneficial site combinations. Five poorly conserved sites in the active pocket of the enzyme were identified via multiple sequence alignment with enzymes exhibiting high activity toward acetophenone derivatives.

Substrate-Cofactor Synergistic Reorientation and Substrate Tunnel Engineering of LCD for Efficient l-Pipecolic Acid Biosynthesis.

Homology screening and structural selection identified a novel lysine cyclodeaminase (LCD) with high substrate tolerance for l-pipecolic acid (l-PA) synthesis, rapamycin's key intermediate. Mutant M4 (I61V/I94V/I233V/A235S), developed via substrate-cofactor reorientation and tunnel engineering, exhibited 87.3-fold higher catalytic efficiency than the wild-type.

Species richness prediction and priority conservation planning for rare Michelia species in China.

Numerous species are at risk of extinction due to habitat degradation caused by human activity and global warming. This study is based on ecological niche modeling (MaxEnt) and systematic conservation planning modeling (Marxan) to predict the distribution and conservation of rare Michelia species. The findings indicate that rare Michelia species are found in southern Yunnan Province, which exhibits the highest concentration.

Research progress in the regulatory mechanism of silent information regulator 1 in sepsis (Review).

Sepsis is characterized by a dysregulated systemic inflammatory response to infection. Despite substantial advances in its treatment, sepsis remains a significant global health burden. An understanding of the underlying mechanisms driving sepsis is crucial for the development of targeted therapeutic strategies.

Data-driven identification of pollution sources and water quality prediction using Apriori and LSTM models: A case study in the Hanjiang River basin.

The rapid development of urbanization and industrialization has exacerbated surface water pollution, especially from point sources such as industrial discharge and urban wastewater, posing a severe challenge to global environmental health and sustainable development. This study combines the Apriori algorithm and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks to identify major pollution sources and predict dynamic changes in water quality. The study area encompasses four national monitoring hydrological stations in the core area of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, with multi-source data collected, including water quality parameters and industry-specific discharge data.

An improved ViT model for music genre classification based on mel spectrogram.

Automating the task of music genre classification offers opportunities to enhance user experiences, streamline music management processes, and unlock insights into the rich and diverse world of music. In this paper, an improved ViT model is proposed to extract more comprehensive music genre features from Mel spectrograms by leveraging the strengths of both convolutional neural networks and Transformers. Also, the paper incorporates a channel attention mechanism by amplifying differences between channels within the Mel spectrograms of individual music genres, thereby facilitating more precise classification.

Estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα) controls the stemness and cellular energetics of prostate cancer cells via its direct regulation of citrate metabolism and zinc transportation.

Compared to most tumors that are more glycolytic, primary prostate cancer is less glycolytic but more dependent on TCA cycle coupled with OXPHOS for its energy demand. This unique metabolic energetic feature is attributed to activation of mitochondrial m-aconitase in TCA caused by decreased cellular Zn level. Evidence suggests that a small subpopulation of cancer cells within prostate tumors, designated as prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs), play significant roles in advanced prostate cancer progression.

A turn on fluorescent probe for nitroreductase activity and its application in real-time imaging of tumor hypoxia.

Nitroreductase (NTR) is an endogenous reductase overexpressed in hypoxic tumors, with its levels closely correlated to the degree of hypoxia. This correlation has significant clinical implications for the analysis of tumor hypoxia, as it allows for the indirect detection of nitroreductases. Due to their simplicity, noninvasive nature, and excellent spatiotemporal resolution, various fluorescence methods have been developed for the analysis of nitroreductase and tumor hypoxia.

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-Tyrosinase Cascade-Activated Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probe for the Precise Imaging of Melanoma.

As a highly aggressive malignancy, the issue of curing melanoma at an advanced stage could suffer from severe metastasis and a lower 5-year survival rate. Therefore, the early diagnosis of melanoma with high accuracy is vital and contributes to a significantly improved 5-year survival rate. This work reports a dual-locked receptor, m-BA-Hcy, which releases the near-infrared (NIR) fluorophore Hcy-OH upon the dual activation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and tyrosinase (TYR).

Stealthy Vehicle Adversarial Camouflage Texture Generation Based on Neural Style Transfer.

Adversarial attacks that mislead deep neural networks (DNNs) into making incorrect predictions can also be implemented in the physical world. However, most of the existing adversarial camouflage textures that attack object detection models only consider the effectiveness of the attack, ignoring the stealthiness of adversarial attacks, resulting in the generated adversarial camouflage textures appearing abrupt to human observers. To address this issue, we propose a style transfer module added to an adversarial texture generation framework.

Engineered macrophages: an "Intelligent Repair" cellular machine for heart injury.

Macrophages are crucial in the heart's development, function, and injury. As part of the innate immune system, they act as the first line of defense during cardiac injury and repair. After events such as myocardial infarction or myocarditis, numerous macrophages are recruited to the affected areas of the heart to clear dead cells and facilitate tissue repair.

Inside-Out Rational Design of Ornithine Cyclodeaminase OCD from by a Multiregion Synergy Strategy for Efficient Synthesis of l-Pipecolic Acid.

Lysine cyclodeaminase (LCD)-mediated synthesis of l-pipecolic acid (l-PA) from l-lysine (l-Lys) is a promising approach. However, only one LCD has been reported, and its inadequate activity limits industrial applications. To address this problem, a substrate analogue-guided enzyme mining strategy was employed.

Impact of the Interruption Duration on Photoluminescence Properties of MOCVD-Grown GaAsP/InAlGaAs Quantum Well Structures.

The growth interruption technology is introduced to the growth of GaAsP/InAlGaAs quantum well (QW) structure using metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The effect of growth interruption time (GIT) on the crystalline quality and optical properties are investigated. The two distinctive emission peaks are the transition recombination between the electron level of conduction band and the light and heavy hole level of valence band in the photoluminescence (PL) at room temperature.

Solidification/stabilization pre-treatment coupled with landfill disposal of heavy metals in MSWI fly ash in China: A systematic review.

The growth in municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) has resulted in a substantial rise in the production of fly ash in China. It is anticipated that during the "14th Five-Year Plan", the accumulated amount of fly ash stocked and disposed of at landfills will surpass 100 million tons. With the development of the economy and the implementation of garbage classification relevant policies, the pollution characteristics of heavy metal change in spatiotemporal distribution.

[Development and exploration of the national first-class undergraduate course in "Enzyme Engineering"].

The biotechnology industry is a strategic emerging industry in our country, holding a crucial position in the national economy. The training of innovative high-quality professionals carries immense significance. As the cornerstone course in biotechnology, "Enzyme Engineering" directly impacts the students' caliber and industry development.

Up-regulation of RAN by MYBL2 maintains osteosarcoma cancer stem-like cells population during heterogeneous tumor generation.

Intratumor heterogeneity is one of the major features of cancers, leading to aggressive disease and treatment failure. Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) are believed to give rise to the heterogeneous cell types within tumors. Hence, understanding the regulatory mechanism underlying the recurrence process of heterogeneous tumor by CSCs could facilitate the development of CSC-targeted therapies.

Targeting SIK3 to modulate hippocampal synaptic plasticity and cognitive function by regulating the transcription of HDAC4 in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

Cognitive deterioration and memory decline associated with the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) primarily results from synaptic failure. However, current understanding of the upstream regulatory mechanisms controlling synaptic plasticity remains limited. Salt-inducible kinase 3 (SIK3) is central to the signal pathway and is involved in neuronal regulation of sleep duration in mice.

LHPP in Glutamatergic Neurons of the Ventral Hippocampus Mediates Depression-like Behavior by Dephosphorylating CaMKIIα and ERK.

Background: LHPP was recently shown to be a risk gene for major depressive disorder. LHPP has been proven to dephosphorylate the residues of histidine, serine, threonine, and tyrosine. However, much remains unknown about how LHPP contributes to depression.

HnRNPK is involved in stress-induced depression-like behavior via ERK-BDNF pathway in mice.

As a ubiquitous RNA-binding protein, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNPK) interacts with numerous nucleic acids and proteins and is involved in various cellular functions. Available literature indicates that it can regulate dendritic spine density through the extracellular signal-regulating kinase (ERK) - brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) pathway, which is crucial to retain the synaptic plasticity in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and mouse depression models. However, ERK upstream regulatory kinase has not been fully elucidated.

Terahertz fiber link using dielectric silicon waveguide interface.

Nascent data-intensive emerging technologies are mandating low-loss, short-range interconnects, whereas existing interconnects suffer from high losses and low aggregate data throughput owing to a lack of efficient interfaces. Here, we report an efficient 22-Gbit/s terahertz fiber link using a tapered silicon interface that serves as a coupler between the dielectric waveguide and hollow core fiber. We investigated the fundamental optical properties of hollow-core fibers by considering fibers with 0.

Application of Serious Games in Health Care: Scoping Review and Bibliometric Analysis.

Background: Serious games (SGs) as one kind of intervention that can improve the level of knowledge and change behavior to affect health outcomes has been increasingly applied in health care.

Objective: Analyze hotspots and trends of the application of SGs in health care and provide reference and direction for further research in the future.

Methods: The Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection database was used for extracting the literature on SGs in health care for the period from the database established to 11 October, 2021.

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-NO signaling axis functions to promote the growth of prostate cancer stem-like cells.

Background: Accumulating evidence supports that prostate cancer stem-like cells (PCSCs) play significant roles in therapy resistance and metastasis of prostate cancer. Many studies also show that nitric oxide (NO) synthesized by NO synthases can function to promote tumor progression. However, the exact roles of NOSs and NO signaling in the growth regulation of PCSCs and castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) are still not fully understood.

A "Double-Locked" and Enzyme/pH-Activated Theranostic Agent for Accurate Tumor Imaging and Therapy.

Theranostic agents for concurrent cancer therapy and diagnosis have begun attracting attention as a promising modality. However, accurate imaging and identification remains a great challenge for theranostic agents. Here, we designed and synthesized a novel theranostic agent based on the "double-locked" strategy by introducing an electron-withdrawing nitro group into 1-position of a pH-responsive 3-amino-β-carboline and further covalently linking the hydroxamic acid group, a zinc-binding group (ZBG), to the 3-position of β-carboline to obtain histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitory effect for combined HDAC-targeted therapy.