Subcortical functional connectivity alterations in first-episode medication-naïve adolescents with major depressive disorder.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) demonstrates significant alterations in intrinsic functional connectivity (FC) of the subcortical networks (SCN). However, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying these changes in adolescents with MDD and their association with stressors and sleep disturbances remain poorly understood. Using seed-based functional connectivity analysis, we investigated changes in intrinsic connectivity of the SCN in 83 first-episode medication-naïve adolescents with MDD (aMDD) and 59 healthy controls (HC).

Abnormal intrinsic functional network connectivity in adolescent major depressive disorder related to severity of insomnia.

Backgrounds: Insomnia is closely associated with depression and plays a critical role in its development. Investigating insomnia-related neuroimaging changes in depression could enhance understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying depression insomnia. However, the brain network mechanism underlying the bidirectional relationship between depression and insomnia in adolescents remains unknown.

Dysregulated connectivity configuration of triple-network model in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is signified by altered functional network connectivity (FNC), particularly within the default mode network (DMN), salience network (SAL), and fronto-parietal network (FPN). While previous studies suggest disruptions within triple networks, dynamic causal interactions across networks remain unaddressed. This study seeks to validate previous findings of static dysconnectivity between triple networks and further delineate the time-varying interactions and causal relationships among these networks in OCD.

Elucidating trauma-related and disease-related regional cortical activity in post-traumatic stress disorder.

Trauma exposure may precipitate a cascade of plastic modifications within the intrinsic activity of brain regions, but it remains unclear which regions could be responsible for the development of post-traumatic stress disorder based on intrinsic activity. To elucidate trauma-related and post-traumatic stress disorder-related alterations in cortical intrinsic activity at the whole-brain level, we recruited 47 survivors diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder, 64 trauma-exposed controls from a major earthquake, and 46 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. All subjects were scanned with an echo-planar imaging sequence, and 5 parameters including the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations, fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations, regional homogeneity, degree centrality, and voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity were calculated.

Negative family and interpersonal relationship are associated with centromedial amygdala functional connectivity alterations in adolescent depression.

The amygdala, known for its functional heterogeneity, plays a critical role in the neural mechanism of adolescent major depressive disorder (aMDD). However, changes in its subregional functional networks in relation to stressful factors remain unclear. We recruited 78 comorbidity-free, medication-naive aMDD patients and 40 matched healthy controls (HC) to explore changes in resting-state functional connectivity (FC) across four amygdala subregions: the centromedial nucleus (CM), the basolateral nucleus (LB), the superficial nucleus (SF), and the amygdalostriatal transition area (Astr).

Multivariate association between psychosocial environment, behaviors, and brain functional networks in adolescent depression.

Background: Adolescent depression shows high clinical heterogeneity. Brain functional networks serve as a powerful tool for investigating neural mechanisms underlying depression profiles. A key challenge is to characterize how variation in brain functional organization links to behavioral features and psychosocial environmental influences.

Suprachiasmatic nucleus functional connectivity related to insomnia symptoms in adolescents with major depressive disorder.

Background: Insomnia is a commonly seen symptom in adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD). The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which is the circadian rhythm regulation center, plays a crucial role in the regulation of sleep-wake circulation. Nevertheless, how SCN function contributes to the exact neural mechanisms underlying the associations between insomnia and depressive symptoms has not been explored in adolescents.

The Effect of Nighttime Snacking on Cognitive Function in Older Adults: Evidence from Observational and Experimental Studies.

Evidence shows that supplementary snacking could provide older adults with nutrients that cannot be obtained through three meals a day. However, whether and how supplementary snacking, especially nighttime snacking, affects older adults' cognitive function remain unclear. The present study examined the effect of nighttime snacking on cognitive function for older adults.

Aberrant intrinsic hippocampal and orbitofrontal connectivity in drug-naive adolescent patients with major depressive disorder.

Alterations in resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of hippocampus and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) have been highly implicated in major depressive disorder (MDD) and the researches have penetrated to the subregional level. However, relatively little is known about the intrinsic connectivity patterns of these two regions in adolescent MDD (aMDD), especially that of their functional subregions. Therefore, in the current study, we recruited 68 first-episode drug-naive aMDD patients and 43 matched typically developing controls (TDC) to characterize the alterations of whole-brain rsFC patterns in hippocampus and OFC at both regional and subregional levels in aMDD.

Multivariate associations between behavioural dimensions and white matter across children and adolescents with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Background: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder. Integrity of white matter microstructure plays a key role in the neural mechanism of ADHD presentations. However, the relationships between specific behavioural dimensions and white matter microstructure are less well known.

Abnormal resting-state functional connectivity in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) displays widespread disruption across brain regions revealed by resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) with inconsistent results between studies. We performed a systematic review of 47 seed-based rsFC studies (1863 patients; 1795 healthy controls) to explore brain intrinsic connectivity alterations. Quantitative coordinate-based meta-analysis was conducted for seed regions in the striatum (putamen, caudate, nucleus accumbens [Nac]), thalamus, and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) because there were an adequate number of studies.

Family Conflict Associated With Intrinsic Hippocampal-OFC Connectivity in Adolescent Depressive Disorder.

Background: Family environment and life events have long been suggested to be associated with adolescent depression. The hippocampus plays a crucial role in the neural mechanism of major depressive disorder (MDD) through memory during stressful events. However, few studies have explored the exact neural mechanisms underlying these associations.

Alterations in large-scale functional networks in adult posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis of resting-state functional connectivity studies.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with dysfunction in large-scale brain functional networks, as revealed by resting-state functional connectivity studies. However, it remains unclear which networks have been most consistently affected and, more importantly, what role disease and trauma may play in the disrupted functional networks. We performed a systematic review of studies exploring network alterations using seed-based functional connectivity analysis, comparing individuals with PTSD to controls in general as well as trauma-exposed or nonexposed controls specifically, and quantitative meta-analysis was conducted when the number of studies was appropriately high.

Efficacy and tolerability of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder in adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been widely used as an alternative treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, the most effective rTMS parameters, such as the targets and stimulation frequencies, remain controversial. Therefore, we aimed to compare and rank the efficacy and tolerability of different rTMS strategies for OCD treatment.

Start-up stage with improved resolution for an electric field-assisted fused deposition.

Electric field-assisted fused deposition modeling (E-FDM) is a promising technique in the field of 3D printing. This paper studies the start-up stage of the printing, which is a process of liquid gradually deforming and making an initial contact with the substrate under the action of electric stress. Polycaprolactone, a popular material for biomedicine, is selected as the printing material.

Nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots prepared by electrolysis of nitrogen-doped nanomesh graphene for the fluorometric determination of ferric ions.

Nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) were synthesized by direct electrolysis of a carbon cloth electrode coated with nitrogen-doped nanomesh graphene (NG) in high yield (~ 25%). The N-GQDs emit intense blue fluorescence with a quantum yield (QY) of 10% ± 3%. Meanwhile, the N-GQDs are rich in hydroxyl, carboxyl, basic pyridinic nitrogen, and nitro groups, which are conducive to strengthen the interaction between N-GQDs and Fe for highly sensitive determination of Fe ions.

Facile Synthesis of Well-Dispersed NiP on N-Doped Nanomesh Carbon Matrix as a High-Efficiency Electrocatalyst for Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction.

The development of non-noble metal hydrogen evolution catalysts that can replace Pt is crucial for efficient hydrogen production. Herein, we develop a type of well-dispersed NiP on N-doped nanomesh carbon (NC) electrocatalyst by a facile pyrolysis method, which shows excellent hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalytic performance. It is rather remarkable that the overpotential of NiP/NC prepared under optimal proportion is 108 mV at 10 mA·cm current density in 1 M KOH solution with the tafel slope of 67.

Interleukin-10 Protects Schwann Cells against Advanced Glycation End Products-Induced Apoptosis via NF-κB Suppression.

Demyelination resulting from Schwann cell injury is a main pathological feature of diabetic neuropathy, and a key contributor to this process may be inflammation due to advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Therefore, protection by anti-inflammation agents is anticipated. In this study, we showed that interleukin-10 (IL-10), an anti-inflammatory cytokine, inhibits apoptosis of Schwann cells induced by AGEs .

The N-silylation of sulfoximines.

The copper-catalyzed N-silylation of sulfoximines was achieved in the presence of di-tert-butyl peroxide. Notably, alkyl, phenyl and alkoxyl silanes were all suitable reaction partners. Mechanistic studies revealed that N-silyl acetamide serves as the intermediate.