Pediatric Triptan-induced Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome with Both Hemorrhagic and Ischemic Stroke: Case Report and Literature Review.

Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome is characterized by severe headaches and diffuse, segmental constriction of cerebral arteries. We report a rare pediatric case of triptan-induced reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, complicated by both subarachnoid hemorrhage and cerebral infarction. A 10-year-old boy presented with persistent severe headaches initially suspected to be migraines, for which he was prescribed rizatriptan.

Successful surgical management of a recurrent thrombosed vertebral artery aneurysm following cardiopulmonary arrest induced by parent artery occlusion after flow diversion: illustrative case.

Background: The management of large thrombosed unruptured vertebral artery (VA) aneurysms is complex and remains a significant clinical challenge.

Observations: A 46-year-old man presented with a headache and was diagnosed with a thrombosed 28-mm aneurysm in the right VA. The initial treatment with a Pipeline flow diverter stent was followed by parent artery occlusion with coils after the aneurysm had enlarged to 40 mm.

Intracerebral Hemorrhage Following Bypass Surgery for Atherosclerotic Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion Without Hyperperfusion: The Potential Role of Donor-Recipient Mismatch.

Postoperative intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) following superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) anastomosis for atherosclerotic occlusive cerebrovascular disease is rare. Hyperperfusion syndrome is considered a primary cause; however, many aspects remain unclear. A case of a 77-year-old man referred for further examination after presenting with left-sided visual disturbance.

Metabolite Levels Measured Using Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Pediatric Methotrexate-Induced Leukoencephalopathy.

Background: Methotrexate (MTX)-induced leukoencephalopathy is a significant neurological complication in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treatment. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a noninvasive method to assess metabolic changes associated with neurotoxicity. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of MRS-derived metabolite levels, particularly N-acetylaspartate and N-acetylaspartylglutamate (tNAA), in MTX-induced leukoencephalopathy.

Prognostic Factors and Initial Treatment Strategies for Patients with Head Trauma and Vital Signs of Shock.

Head trauma accompanied by circulatory failure is a rare but severe condition, and few reports regarding its prognosis or initial treatment strategies have been published. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic factors and treatment strategies for patients with head trauma and vital signs of shock. We included 415 consecutive patients with head trauma (Abbreviated Injury Scale [AIS] score ≥3) who were transported to our institution from January 2017 to December 2023.

Digital FDG-PET detects mutation-driven glycolysis in primary central nervous system lymphoma.

Background And Purpose: The relationship between digital F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (dFDG-PET) findings and glucose metabolism-related genetic alterations remains unclear in primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). This study aimed to evaluate whether dFDG-PET can serve as a noninvasive tool to detect mutation-driven glycolytic activity in PCNSL.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the imaging and molecular data of 54 patients with PCNSL (55 lesions).

A novel analytical method for precise monitoring of biodiesel water content and stability.

Biodiesel is highly reactive with water, posing significant challenges to its commercialization. Therefore, accurate and safe monitoring of biodiesel is essential to prevent unwanted reactions. A U-shaped optical fiber (UOFE) was developed by coating a TiC MXene/TiO hybrids to improve sensitivity to the refractive index (RI) and detect volatilized moisture vapor from plant-derived biodiesels.

Changes in the anatomical positions of the femoral nerve and artery in the lateral and supine positions: a multicenter retrospective study.

Introduction: Femoral nerve palsy and femoral artery injury are serious complications of total hip arthroplasty. However, few studies have compared the anatomical positions of these structures in different patient positions. This study aimed to compare the anatomical positions of the femoral nerve and artery in the lateral and supine positions.

Prognostic significance of angiography-derived index of microcirculatory resistance assessment after rotational atherectomy in patients with severely calcified lesions.

Coronary microcirculatory dysfunction (CMD) is a known predictor of adverse outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, the prognostic significance of CMD in patients with severely calcified lesions treated with rotational atherectomy (RA) remains unclear. We retrospectively studied consecutive chronic coronary syndrome patients who underwent PCI with RA followed by second-generation drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation.

Temsirolimus, a water-soluble mTOR inhibitor, alleviates osteoarthritic changes in human chondrocytes and mouse osteoarthritis models.

Purpose/aim: Temsirolimus is a water-soluble mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex inhibitor, potentially suitable for intra-articular administration. The present study aims to evaluate the therapeutic effects of intra-articular administration of temsirolimus on human chondrocytes and osteoarthritis (OA) progression in mice.

Materials And Methods: The beneficial effects of temsirolimus treatment were evaluated in human chondrocytes (Normal Human Articular Chondrocyte-Knee cells) with or without treatment with IL-1β by real-time polymerase chain reaction, TUNEL staining for apoptosis, and CYTO-ID(R) staining for autophagy.

Uric Acid Stimulates PINK1/Parkin-Mediated Mitophagy via Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway to Protect Against Neuronal Apoptosis in Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder among the elderly. Uric acid (UA), the end product of purine metabolism, functions as a potent free radical scavenger and helps mitigate oxidative stress. Several epidemiological studies revealed that serum UA levels are negatively correlated with the risk of AD; however, the molecular mechanisms remain unclear.

Prognostic Utility of Nodular Calcification Detected on Non-Contrast Computed Tomography in Severely Calcified Coronary Lesions.

Background: Nodular calcification (NC) detected via intracoronary imaging is associated with adverse cardiovascular events after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, the impact of NC detected on pre-PCI non-contrast computed tomography (CT) on clinical outcomes has not been fully investigated.

Methods And Results: We retrospectively included 267 consecutive patients with chronic coronary syndrome who underwent electrocardiography-gated non-contrast CT before PCI for severely calcified lesions.

Architectural RNAs: blueprints for functional membraneless organelle assembly.

Among the pervasive transcripts from eukaryotic genomes, a novel subset, referred to as architectural RNAs (arcRNAs), has an essential role in assembling membraneless organelles (MLOs). These arcRNAs sequester specific RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and promote phase separation through multivalent interactions. NEAT1_2, an archetypal arcRNA, serves as a blueprint for paraspeckle architecture, characterized by a shell-and-core micelle-like configuration and immiscibility with other MLOs, relying on the cooperative contributions of distinct modular RNA domains.

Impact of pericoronary adipose tissue attenuation on clinical outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention.

Background: Pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT) attenuation, measured using coronary computed tomography angiography (cCTA), is a potential marker of coronary inflammation.

Aims: We aimed to examine the association between coronary inflammation, as assessed by measuring PCAT attenuation before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and clinical outcomes of PCI using current-generation drug-eluting stents (DES).

Methods: We retrospectively studied consecutive patients who underwent cCTA before PCI with current-generation DES.

Diverse Roles and Characteristics of Academic Research Organizations in Japan: Results of A Questionnaire-Based Study.

Background: Clinical trials in Japan are governed by three regulations: Japanese Good Clinical Practice (J-GCP), the Clinical Trials Act, and the Ethical Guidelines for Medical and Biological Research Involving Human Subjects. Academic research organizations (AROs) are non-profit entities established to support clinician-scientists in conducting rigorous and high-quality clinical trials. However, Japan's unique decentralized clinical trial system has resulted in relatively small AROs with diverse roles.

Insular branch resembling lenticulostriate artery from M2 inferior trunk of middle cerebral artery: cadaver anatomic study.

Whether the lenticulostriate artery (LSA) can branch from the M2 inferior trunk of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) remains unclear. However, although rare, some branches from the M2 inferior trunk have been observed to run along the LSA from the MCA M1 segment or M2 superior trunk. In addition, these branches could be clinical problems by running across the MCA bifurcation.

Contralateral Transmaxillary Approach for a 13-Year-Old Boy with a Petrous Apex Cholesterol Granuloma: A Case Report.

Introduction: Surgical extirpation of a cholesterol granuloma in the petrous apex, located dorsal to the petrous part of the internal carotid artery (ICA), is challenging. Herein, we report a pediatric case of a cholesterol granuloma of the petrous apex treated using the endoscopic contralateral transmaxillary (CTM) approach.

Case Presentation: A 13-year-old boy presented with a left-sided headache, slight hypoesthesia in the left V1 area, and severe neuralgia of the left auriculotemporal nerve.

A randomized, placebo-controlled phase III trial of an autologous, formalin-fixed tumor vaccine for newly diagnosed glioblastoma: trial protocol.

Unlabelled: This multi-institutional, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase III trial was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Cellm-001, an autologous formalin-fixed brain tumor immunostimulant, for newly diagnosed glioblastoma with gross total resection to prolong overall survival (OS) and prevent recurrence after surgery. One hundred twelve patients are to be randomized 1:1 to either Cellm-001 with standard chemoradiotherapy (CRT) or saline solution with standard CRT. Randomization is based on the following stratified randomization criteria: age, Karnofsky Performance Status, and the presence or absence of photodynamic therapy (PDT).

Influence of limb position on femoral neck anteversion angle measurement during computed tomography imaging.

Background: The femoral neck anteversion angle has been used as a surgical indicator for hip and patellofemoral joint disorders. However, the influence of limb position on femoral neck anteversion angle measurements during imaging remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the influence of limb position on femoral neck anteversion angle measurements.

Application of a simple scoring scale to predict prognosis of poor-grade subarachnoid haemorrhage using intraventricular haemorrhage.

Intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) is a key prognostic factor for subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). However, no simple or rapid scoring method for its evaluation exists. We aimed to modify and validate a simple scale for rapid IVH grading.

Multiple trauma and shock vital signs as potential for improved outcome in patients with severe head trauma.

Aim: To evaluate the prognostic factors in severe head trauma patients (Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) ≤ 8) with all trauma, including those with trunk injury as well as single severe head trauma (abbreviated injury scale (AIS) ≥ 3).

Methods: We included 152 consecutive patients with head trauma (AIS ≥ 3) and consciousness disorders (GCS ≤ 8) who were transported to our institute from January 2017 to October 2022. Data on the patients' background, vital signs at presentation, multiple trauma (AIS ≥ 3 in two or more locations), surgical intervention, and hematological findings were examined; a retrospective analysis was conducted with the modified Rankin Scale score after 3 months assigned as the primary outcome.

Edonerpic maleate enhances functional recovery from spinal cord injury with cortical reorganization in non-human primates.

While spinal cord injury (SCI) aggravates the quality of life in humans by severe paralysis, clinical intervention to promote functional recovery from SCI is limited. We recently identified a small compound, edonerpic maleate (edonerpic MA), which accelerates training-dependent motor functional recovery from brain damage in rodents (cryo-genic cortical injury) and non-human primates (internal capsule haemorrhage) by the facilitation of experience-dependent synaptic trafficking of glutamate α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors. In the present study, we investigated whether edonerpic MA accelerates functional recovery after SCI in non-human primates.

Pilot study of a novel resection extent determination method using bone single-photon emission CT-standardized uptake value in medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw.

Objective: Surgery is the standard treatment for medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). However, there are few reports on the appropriate extent of the bone resection. This pilot study explores the feasibility of a new method for estimating the extent of resection using bone single-photon emission CT (SPECT)-standardized uptake value (SUV).

Synthesis of α,α-difluoro-β-amino amides using aldimines and bromodifluoroacetamides the Reformatsky reaction.

α,α-Difluoro-β-amino amides are attractive building blocks of biologically active compounds such as fluorinated pharmaceutical mimics and oligopeptides. Herein, we describe the zinc-promoted Reformatsky reaction of aldimines using bromodifluoroacetamides which provides a direct synthetic approach to α,α-difluoro-β-amino amides. This method gave various -PMP protected α,α-difluoro-β-amino-β-aryl amides in 64-95% yields.

Embolization for vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation via the brachial artery in an infant: illustrative case.

Background: A vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation (VGAM) is a rare vascular lesion that often requires treatment in the neonatal period or infancy. Neonates and infants have limited catheter access, and the treatment of VGAM often requires multiple procedures. When standard access routes are unavailable, alternative vascular access becomes essential.