Architectural RNAs: blueprints for functional membraneless organelle assembly.

Among the pervasive transcripts from eukaryotic genomes, a novel subset, referred to as architectural RNAs (arcRNAs), has an essential role in assembling membraneless organelles (MLOs). These arcRNAs sequester specific RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and promote phase separation through multivalent interactions. NEAT1_2, an archetypal arcRNA, serves as a blueprint for paraspeckle architecture, characterized by a shell-and-core micelle-like configuration and immiscibility with other MLOs, relying on the cooperative contributions of distinct modular RNA domains.

Unraveling architectural RNAs: Structural and functional blueprints of membraneless organelles and strategies for genome-scale identification.

Architectural RNAs (arcRNAs) are long noncoding RNAs that serve as structural scaffolds for membraneless organelles (MLOs), facilitating cellular organization and dynamic responses to stimuli. Acting as blueprints for MLO assembly, arcRNAs recruit specific proteins and nucleic acids to establish and maintain the internal structure of MLOs while coordinating their spatial relationships with other organelles. This organized framework enables precise spatiotemporal regulation, allowing for targeted control of transcription, RNA processing, and cellular responses to stress.

Involvement of lncRNA MIR205HG in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and IL-33 regulation via Alu elements.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) causes remodeling of the distal lung. Pulmonary remodeling is histologically characterized by fibrosis, as well as appearance of basal cells; however, the involvement of basal cells in IPF remains unclear. Here, we focus on the long noncoding RNA MIR205HG, which is highly expressed in basal cells, using RNA sequencing.

Pharmacokinetics of Brexpiprazole, Quetiapine, Risperidone, and Its Active Metabolite Paliperidone in a Postpartum Woman and Her Baby.

Background: Brexpiprazole is a second-generation antipsychotic approved in Japan in 2018; however, information on placental passage and breast milk transfer remains limited. In this report, the patient, a 30-year-old pregnant woman with schizophrenia, was medicated with brexpiprazole, risperidone, and quetiapine.

Methods: The study used high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to determine the concentrations of brexpiprazole, quetiapine, risperidone, and its active metabolite (paliperidone) in maternal and neonatal plasma, cord venous plasma, and breast milk.

Structural differences between the closely related RNA helicases, UAP56 and URH49, fashion distinct functional apo-complexes.

mRNA export is an essential pathway for the regulation of gene expression. In humans, closely related RNA helicases, UAP56 and URH49, shape selective mRNA export pathways through the formation of distinct complexes, known as apo-TREX and apo-AREX complexes, and their subsequent remodeling into similar ATP-bound complexes. Therefore, defining the unidentified components of the apo-AREX complex and elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the formation of distinct apo-complexes is key to understanding their functional divergence.

Shell protein composition specified by the lncRNA NEAT1 domains dictates the formation of paraspeckles as distinct membraneless organelles.

Many membraneless organelles (MLOs) formed through phase separation play crucial roles in various cellular processes. Although these MLOs co-exist in cells, how they maintain their independence without coalescence or engulfment remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanism by which paraspeckles with core-shell architecture scaffolded by NEAT1_2 long noncoding RNAs exist as distinct MLOs.

Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model to investigate the effect of pregnancy on risperidone and paliperidone pharmacokinetics: Application to a pregnant woman and her neonate.

This study aimed to determine the effects of pregnancy and ontogeny on risperidone and paliperidone pharmacokinetics by assessing their serum concentrations in two subjects and constructing a customized physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model. Risperidone and paliperidone serum concentrations were determined in a pregnant woman and her newborn. PBPK models for risperidone and paliperidone in adults, pediatric, and pregnant populations were developed and verified using the Simcyp simulator.

MPP6 stimulates both RRP6 and DIS3 to degrade a specified subset of MTR4-sensitive substrates in the human nucleus.

Recent in vitro reconstitution analyses have proven that the physical interaction between the exosome core and MTR4 helicase, which promotes the exosome activity, is maintained by either MPP6 or RRP6. However, knowledge regarding the function of MPP6 with respect to in vivo exosome activity remains scarce. Here, we demonstrate a facilitative function of MPP6 that composes a specific part of MTR4-dependent substrate decay by the human exosome.

CHERP Regulates the Alternative Splicing of pre-mRNAs in the Nucleus.

Calcium homeostasis endoplasmic reticulum protein (CHERP) is colocalized with the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) in the endoplasmic reticulum or perinuclear region, and has been involved in intracellular calcium signaling. Structurally, CHERP carries the nuclear localization signal and arginine/serine-dipeptide repeats, like domain, and interacts with the spliceosome. However, the exact function of CHERP in the nucleus remains unknown.

Potentially harmful excipients in neonatal medications: a multicenter nationwide observational study in Japan.

Background: A multicenter investigation of neonate exposure to potentially harmful excipients (PHEs) in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in Japan has not been conducted.

Methods: A multicenter nationwide observational study was conducted. Neonate patient demographic data and information on all medicines prescribed and administered during hospitalization on 1 day between November 2019 and March 2021 were extracted from the medical records.

Food-Derived Compounds Apigenin and Luteolin Modulate mRNA Splicing of Introns with Weak Splice Sites.

Cancer cells often exhibit extreme sensitivity to splicing inhibitors. We identified food-derived flavonoids, apigenin and luteolin, as compounds that modulate mRNA splicing at the genome-wide level, followed by proliferation inhibition. They bind to mRNA splicing-related proteins to induce a widespread change of splicing patterns in treated cells.

Effective Dose Display System in Gastric Cancer X-ray Screening.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to build a system for effective dose display immediately after the gastric cancer X-ray screening.

Materials And Methods: The regression equation of effective dose and dose area product (DAP) was introduced from the data of 500 persons including DAP and effective dose calculated using program for X-ray Monte Carlo.

Results: The effective dose was 5.

Brownmillerite-type Ca FeCoO as a Practicable Oxygen Evolution Reaction Catalyst.

Here, we report remarkable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalytic activity of brownmillerite (BM)-type Ca FeCoO . The OER activity of this oxide is comparable to or beyond those of the state-of-the-art perovskite (PV)-catalyst Ba Sr Co Fe O (BSCF) and a precious-metal catalyst RuO , emphasizing the importance of the characteristic BM structure with multiple coordination environments of transition metal (TM) species. Also, Ca FeCoO is clearly advantageous in terms of expense/laboriousness of the material synthesis.

Nocturnal phosphorylation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in the leaves of hygrophytic C3 monocots.

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) undergoes activity regulation through reversible phosphorylation. The day/night phosphorylation of leaf PEPC in 27 C3 plant species was analyzed by immunoblotting. PEPC was phosphorylated in the daytime in 12 species, whereas it was phosphorylated at night in three species, rice, Monochoria vaginalis, and Sagittaria trifolia, all of which are hygrophytic monocots.

From metal-organic framework to nitrogen-decorated nanoporous carbons: high CO₂ uptake and efficient catalytic oxygen reduction.

High-surface-area N-decorated nanoporous carbons have been successfully synthesized using the N-rich metal-organic framework ZIF-8 as a template and precursor along with furfuryl alcohol and NH4OH as the secondary carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. These carbons exhibited remarkable CO2 adsorption capacities and CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 selectivities. The N-decoration in these carbons resulted in excellent activity for the oxygen reduction reaction.

Iron-induced dissociation of the Aft1p transcriptional regulator from target gene promoters is an initial event in iron-dependent gene suppression.

Aft1p is an iron-responsive transcriptional activator that plays a central role in the regulation of iron metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Aft1p is regulated by accelerated nuclear export in the presence of iron, mediated by Msn5p. However, the transcriptional activity of Aft1p is suppressed under iron-replete conditions in the Δmsn5 strain, although Aft1p remains in the nucleus.

Acid-promoted rearrangement of drimane type epoxy compounds and their application in natural product synthesis.

The reactions of (±)-α-epoxy drimenol (4) and (±)-α-epoxy drimenyl cyanide (6) with acids (proton acid or Lewis acid) selectively gave the rearranged aldehyde (±)-13 and (±)-15 having the hydroindane skeleton, respectively, while the reactions of (±)-4 and (±)-6 with Dibal-H selectively afforded the allyl alcohol (±)-14 and (±)-16, respectively. The reactions of (8aR)-6 and (8aS)-6 with Dibal-H were applied for the determination of the absolute structure of natural 7β-acetoxy-ent-labda-8(17),13(14)E-dien-15-ol (18). The reaction of (±)-α-epoxy bicyclofarnesol (5) and (8aS)-5 with proton acid selectively provided the rearranged ketol (±)- and (8aS)-31 having the hydroindane skeleton, respectively.

Electrocatalytic oxidation of alcohols by a carbon-supported Rh porphyrin.

A Rh porphyrin on carbon black was shown to catalyze the electro-oxidation of several aliphatic alcohols (ethanol, 1-propanol, and 2-propanol) and benzyl alcohols. The overpotentials for alcohol oxidation were very low. The reaction mechanism and substrate specificity are discussed.

Enhancing recombinant protein production in human cell lines with a constitutive transport element and mRNA export proteins.

Recent research into mRNA maturation processes in the nucleus has identified a number of proteins involved in mRNA transcription, capping, splicing, end processing and export. Among them, the Tap-p15 heterodimer acts as an mRNA export receptor. Tap-p15 is recruited onto fully processed mRNA in the nucleus, which is ready for export to the cytoplasm, through associating with Aly or SR proteins on mRNA, or by directly associating with a constitutive transport element (CTE), an RNA element derived from type D retroviruses.

The closely related RNA helicases, UAP56 and URH49, preferentially form distinct mRNA export machineries and coordinately regulate mitotic progression.

Nuclear export of mRNA is an essential process for eukaryotic gene expression. The TREX complex couples gene expression from transcription and splicing to mRNA export. Sub2, a core component of the TREX complex in yeast, has diversified in humans to two closely related RNA helicases, UAP56 and URH49.

Electrochemical oxidation of sugars at moderate potentials catalyzed by Rh porphyrins.

In this communication, we demonstrate that certain kinds of Rh porphyrins on carbon black can electrochemically oxidize aldose at low potentials. The onset potential was much lower than those with the other complex-based catalysts. A product analysis suggested that this reaction involves 2-electron oxidation of the aldehyde group.

Mechanism underlying the iron-dependent nuclear export of the iron-responsive transcription factor Aft1p in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Aft1p is an iron-responsive transcriptional activator that plays a central role in maintaining iron homeostasis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Aft1p is regulated primarily by iron-induced shuttling of the protein between the nucleus and cytoplasm, but its nuclear import is not regulated by iron. Here, we have shown that the nuclear export of Aft1p is promoted in the presence of iron and that Msn5p is the nuclear export receptor (exportin) for Aft1p.