Embolization for vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation via the brachial artery in an infant: illustrative case.

Background: A vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation (VGAM) is a rare vascular lesion that often requires treatment in the neonatal period or infancy. Neonates and infants have limited catheter access, and the treatment of VGAM often requires multiple procedures. When standard access routes are unavailable, alternative vascular access becomes essential.

Case report: Evolution of catatonic mutism and psychotic symptoms in an adolescent with Down syndrome: transition from Down syndrome disintegrative disorder to anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis.

During her first year of junior high school, a 12-year-old Japanese girl with Down syndrome experienced dizziness, gait disruption, paroxysmal weakness in her hands, and sluggish speaking. Regular blood tests and a brain MRI revealed no abnormalities, and she was tentatively diagnosed with adjustment disorder. Nine months later, the patient experienced a subacute sickness of chest pain, nausea, sleep problem with night terrors, and delusion of observation.