Early hyperferritinemia in polytrauma: a biomarker of systemic inflammation and mortality risk in a multicenter cohort study.

Background: Severe polytrauma is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Hyperferritinemia is increasingly recognized as a biomarker of critical illness, yet its prognostic significance in polytrauma remains underexplored. This multicenter study investigates the temporal dynamics of serum ferritin in polytrauma patients and its association with systemic inflammation, organ dysfunction, and mortality.

Adaptation of Natural Killer Cells to Hypoxia: A Review of the Transcriptional, Translational, and Metabolic Processes.

As important innate immune cells, natural killer (NK) cells play an essential role in resisting pathogen invasion and eliminating transformed cells. However, the hypoxic microenvironment caused by disease conditions is an important physicochemical factor that impairs NK cell function. With the increasing prominence of NK cells in immunotherapy, there has been a surge of interest in developing biological means through which NK cells may overcome the inhibition caused by hypoxia in disease conditions.

Development of a nomogram for individualized prediction of acute gastrointestinal injury in polytrauma patients.

Objective: Previous reports have indicated the occurrence of acute gastrointestinal injury (AGI) in critically ill individuals. Yet, there is limited information regarding the frequency and potential causes of AGI in individuals with polytrauma. The complicated diagnostic tools often mistaken and mislead the evaluation of AGI.

Risk Estimation of Deep Venous Thrombosis in Polytrauma Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury: A Nomogram Approach.

Background: Deep venous thrombosis (DVT), known to be a major factor in poor outcomes and death rates, is common after polytrauma with traumatic brain injury (TBI). In this study, a nomogram will be developed to predict the risk of DVT in polytrauma patients with TBI, since there is currently no specific and convenient diagnostic method.

Methods: A retrospective and observational trial was conducted between November 2021 and May 2023.

Tim-3 pathway dysregulation and targeting in sepsis-induced immunosuppression.

Sepsis is a major medical problem which causes millions of deaths worldwide every year. The host immune response in sepsis is characterized by acute inflammation and a simultaneous state of immunosuppression. In the later stage of sepsis, immunosuppression is a crucial factor that increases the susceptibility of septic patients to secondary infection and mortality.

From trauma to chronicity: Understanding the incidence and early immune changes of chronic complications in polytrauma patients.

Objective: Polytrauma is a complex condition associated with poor outcomes and high mortality rates resulting from severe damage and complicated complications. This study sought to ascertain the incidence of chronic complications in polytrauma patients, as well as the early immune changes and risk factors.

Methods: A multicenter, prospective and observational cohort study was conducted at the emergency surgery or traumatic intensive care unit (TICU) of the Advanced Trauma Center from August 2020 to July 2023.

Macrophage activation syndrome in Sepsis: from pathogenesis to clinical management.

Background: Sepsis represents a significant global health and hygiene challenge. Excessive activation of macrophages in sepsis can result in certain patients displaying characteristics akin to those observed in Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS). MAS represents a grave immune system disorder characterized by persistent and severe inflammation within the body.

The different paradigms of NK cell death in patients with severe trauma.

Lymphocyte decline, particularly the depletion of NK cells, is a prominent feature of immunosuppression following severe tissue injury, heightening the susceptibility of severe trauma patients to life-threatening infections. Previous research indicates that the reduction in the number of NK cells is closely associated with the process of cell death. Nonetheless, the precise mechanism of NK cell death remains unknown.

TMEM16F Expressed in Kupffer Cells Regulates Liver Inflammation and Metabolism to Protect Against Listeria Monocytogenes.

Infection by bacteria leads to tissue damage and inflammation, which need to be tightly controlled by host mechanisms to avoid deleterious consequences. It is previously reported that TMEM16F, a calcium-activated lipid scramblase expressed in various immune cell types including T cells and neutrophils, is critical for the control of infection by bacterium Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) in vivo. This function correlated with the capacity of TMEM16F to repair the plasma membrane (PM) damage induced in T cells in vitro, by the Lm toxin listeriolysin O (LLO).

TOPK promotes the development of psoriasis and worenine alleviates psoriasiform dermatitis by inhibiting TOPK activity.

Background: Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease. The pathogenesis of psoriasis has not been fully elucidated. T-lymphokine-activated killer cell-originated protein kinase (TOPK) activity increases in a proinflammatory environment, and inhibiting TOPK blocks inflammation.

Cell volume controlled by LRRC8A-formed volume-regulated anion channels fine-tunes T cell activation and function.

Biosynthesis drives the cell volume increase during T cell activation. However, the contribution of cell volume regulation in TCR signaling during T lymphoblast formation and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we show that cell volume regulation is required for optimal T cell activation.

Advances in attractive therapeutic approach for macrophage activation syndrome in COVID-19.

Nowadays, people have relaxed their vigilance against COVID-19 due to its declining infection numbers and attenuated virulence. However, COVID-19 still needs to be concern due to its emerging variants, the relaxation of restrictions as well as breakthrough infections. During the period of the COVID-19 infection, the imbalanced and hyper-responsive immune system plays a critical role in its pathogenesis.

PARM1 Drives Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension via AKT/FOXO3A Axis.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a group of severe, progressive, and debilitating diseases with limited therapeutic options. This study aimed to explore novel therapeutic targets in PAH through bioinformatics and experiments. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was applied to detect gene modules related to PAH, based on the GSE15197, GSE113439, and GSE117261.

Venous Thrombus Embolism in Polytrauma: Special Attention to Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury.

Venous thrombus embolism (VTE) is common after polytrauma, both of which are considered significant contributors to poor outcomes and mortality. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is recognized as an independent risk factor for VTE and one of the most common components of polytraumatic injuries. Few studies have assessed the impact of TBI on the development of VTE in polytrauma patients.

Immune checkpoint molecule Tim-3 promotes NKT cell apoptosis and predicts poorer prognosis in Sepsis.

Background: Sepsis is a leading cause of death among critically ill patients, which is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a deregulated host immune response to infection. Immune checkpoint molecule Tim-3 plays important and complex roles in regulating immune responses and in inducing immune tolerance. Although immune checkpoint blockade would be expected as a promising therapeutic strategy for sepsis, but the underlying mechanism remain unknown, especially under clinical conditions.

Activated autophagy of innate immune cells during the early stages of major trauma.

Background: Trauma-induced immune dysfunction has been a major barrier to achieving reduced mortality, which is poorly understood. Autophagy is a crucial catabolic mechanism of immune cells during times of stress. Few studies have investigated the immune regulatory effects induced by autophagy after trauma.

Multifactorial Shock: A Neglected Situation in Polytrauma Patients.

Background: Shock after traumatic injury is likely to be hypovolemic, but different types of shock (distributive shock, obstructive shock, or cardiogenic shock) can occur in combination, known as multifactorial shock. Multifactorial shock is a neglected area of study, and is only reported sporadically. Little is known about the incidence, characteristics, and outcomes of multifactorial shock after polytrauma.

Worenine Prevents Solar Ultraviolet-Induced Sunburn by Inhibiting JNK2.

Excessive solar ultraviolet (SUV) radiation often causes dermatitis, photoaging, and even skin cancer. In the pathological processes of SUV-induced sunburn, JNK is activated by phosphorylation, and it in turn phosphorylates its downstream transcription factors, such as ATF2 and c-jun. The transcription factors further regulate the expression of pro-inflammatory genes, such as IL-6 and TNF-α, which ultimately leads to dermatitis.

Depletion and Dysfunction of Dendritic Cells: Understanding SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

Uncontrolled severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 infection is closely related to disorders of the innate immune and delayed adaptive immune systems. Dendritic cells (DCs) "bridge" innate immunity and adaptive immunity. DCs have important roles in defending against SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Increased Expression of Tim-3 Is Associated With Depletion of NKT Cells In SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

In the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), natural killer T (NKT) cells act as primary initiators of immune responses. However, a decrease of circulating NKT cells has been observed in COVID-19 different stages, of which the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. Here, by performing single-cell RNA sequencing analysis in three large cohorts of COVID-19 patients, we found that increased expression of Tim-3 promotes depletion of NKT cells during the progression stage of COVID-19, which is associated with disease severity and outcome of patients with COVID-19.

The incidence, clinical characteristics, and outcome of polytrauma patients with the combination of pulmonary contusion, flail chest and upper thoracic spinal injury.

Background: Chest trauma was the third most common cause of death in polytrauma patients, accounting for 25% of all deaths from traumatic injury. Chest trauma involves in injury to the bony thorax, intrathoracic organs and thoracic medulla. This study aimed to investigate the incidence, clinical characteristics, and outcome of polytrauma patients with pulmonary contusion, flail chest and upper thoracic spinal injury.