Early hyperferritinemia in polytrauma: a biomarker of systemic inflammation and mortality risk in a multicenter cohort study.

Background: Severe polytrauma is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Hyperferritinemia is increasingly recognized as a biomarker of critical illness, yet its prognostic significance in polytrauma remains underexplored. This multicenter study investigates the temporal dynamics of serum ferritin in polytrauma patients and its association with systemic inflammation, organ dysfunction, and mortality.

Adaptation of Natural Killer Cells to Hypoxia: A Review of the Transcriptional, Translational, and Metabolic Processes.

As important innate immune cells, natural killer (NK) cells play an essential role in resisting pathogen invasion and eliminating transformed cells. However, the hypoxic microenvironment caused by disease conditions is an important physicochemical factor that impairs NK cell function. With the increasing prominence of NK cells in immunotherapy, there has been a surge of interest in developing biological means through which NK cells may overcome the inhibition caused by hypoxia in disease conditions.

Development of a nomogram for individualized prediction of acute gastrointestinal injury in polytrauma patients.

Objective: Previous reports have indicated the occurrence of acute gastrointestinal injury (AGI) in critically ill individuals. Yet, there is limited information regarding the frequency and potential causes of AGI in individuals with polytrauma. The complicated diagnostic tools often mistaken and mislead the evaluation of AGI.

Risk Estimation of Deep Venous Thrombosis in Polytrauma Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury: A Nomogram Approach.

Background: Deep venous thrombosis (DVT), known to be a major factor in poor outcomes and death rates, is common after polytrauma with traumatic brain injury (TBI). In this study, a nomogram will be developed to predict the risk of DVT in polytrauma patients with TBI, since there is currently no specific and convenient diagnostic method.

Methods: A retrospective and observational trial was conducted between November 2021 and May 2023.

Tim-3 pathway dysregulation and targeting in sepsis-induced immunosuppression.

Sepsis is a major medical problem which causes millions of deaths worldwide every year. The host immune response in sepsis is characterized by acute inflammation and a simultaneous state of immunosuppression. In the later stage of sepsis, immunosuppression is a crucial factor that increases the susceptibility of septic patients to secondary infection and mortality.

From trauma to chronicity: Understanding the incidence and early immune changes of chronic complications in polytrauma patients.

Objective: Polytrauma is a complex condition associated with poor outcomes and high mortality rates resulting from severe damage and complicated complications. This study sought to ascertain the incidence of chronic complications in polytrauma patients, as well as the early immune changes and risk factors.

Methods: A multicenter, prospective and observational cohort study was conducted at the emergency surgery or traumatic intensive care unit (TICU) of the Advanced Trauma Center from August 2020 to July 2023.

Macrophage activation syndrome in Sepsis: from pathogenesis to clinical management.

Background: Sepsis represents a significant global health and hygiene challenge. Excessive activation of macrophages in sepsis can result in certain patients displaying characteristics akin to those observed in Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS). MAS represents a grave immune system disorder characterized by persistent and severe inflammation within the body.

The different paradigms of NK cell death in patients with severe trauma.

Lymphocyte decline, particularly the depletion of NK cells, is a prominent feature of immunosuppression following severe tissue injury, heightening the susceptibility of severe trauma patients to life-threatening infections. Previous research indicates that the reduction in the number of NK cells is closely associated with the process of cell death. Nonetheless, the precise mechanism of NK cell death remains unknown.

Advances in attractive therapeutic approach for macrophage activation syndrome in COVID-19.

Nowadays, people have relaxed their vigilance against COVID-19 due to its declining infection numbers and attenuated virulence. However, COVID-19 still needs to be concern due to its emerging variants, the relaxation of restrictions as well as breakthrough infections. During the period of the COVID-19 infection, the imbalanced and hyper-responsive immune system plays a critical role in its pathogenesis.

Immune checkpoint molecule Tim-3 promotes NKT cell apoptosis and predicts poorer prognosis in Sepsis.

Background: Sepsis is a leading cause of death among critically ill patients, which is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a deregulated host immune response to infection. Immune checkpoint molecule Tim-3 plays important and complex roles in regulating immune responses and in inducing immune tolerance. Although immune checkpoint blockade would be expected as a promising therapeutic strategy for sepsis, but the underlying mechanism remain unknown, especially under clinical conditions.

Activated autophagy of innate immune cells during the early stages of major trauma.

Background: Trauma-induced immune dysfunction has been a major barrier to achieving reduced mortality, which is poorly understood. Autophagy is a crucial catabolic mechanism of immune cells during times of stress. Few studies have investigated the immune regulatory effects induced by autophagy after trauma.

Multifactorial Shock: A Neglected Situation in Polytrauma Patients.

Background: Shock after traumatic injury is likely to be hypovolemic, but different types of shock (distributive shock, obstructive shock, or cardiogenic shock) can occur in combination, known as multifactorial shock. Multifactorial shock is a neglected area of study, and is only reported sporadically. Little is known about the incidence, characteristics, and outcomes of multifactorial shock after polytrauma.