Functionalized Cellulose Derivatives: Challenge or Opportunity in the Field of Chiral and Achiral Sensing.

Cellulose is recognized as an abundant, renewable, and optically active carbohydrate polymer resource. Among numerous cellulose derivatives, microcrystalline cellulose derivatives primarily consist of ester derivatives such as benzoate, phenyl carbamate, and formate. These complex derivatives have stable helical configurations and abundant recognition sites.

Improving cellulosic ethanol production by an engineered yeast consortium displaying a pentafunctional mini-cellulosome.

As a traditional ethanol-producing microorganism, Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an ideal host for consolidated bioprocessing. However, when overloaded cellulase genes are expressed in yeast, the metabolic burden on cells may greatly affect cell growth and cellulosic ethanol production. In this study, we developed a yeast consortium system that secretes and assembles five types of cellulases on the yeast cell surface to improve cellulosic ethanol production.

Genome-Wide Methylation Sequencing to Identify DNA Methylation Markers for Early-stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Liver and Blood.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is associated with a poor 5-year survival mainly due to detection at late stages. Better non-invasive surveillance methods are needed to improve early detection and maximize survival. We performed a strict assessment of DNA methylation markers (DMMs) for HCC detection.

Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 2,4-diaminopyrimidine inhibitors of hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1.

Cancer immunotherapy is an emerging anti-cancer strategy that enhances immune circulation by targeting the immune system. Among the various targets, HPK1, a member of the mammalian Ste20-like protein serine/threonine kinase family, serves as a crucial negative regulator of immune-mediated mechanisms, positioning it as a promising target for immunotherapy. Herein, based on the reported HPK1 inhibitors characterized by 2,4-diaminopyrimidine components, four series of derivatives were obtained through structural optimization methods.

Tetrastigma hemsleyanum polysaccharide protects against "two-hit" induced severe pneumonia via TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Severe pneumonia, frequently accompanied by cytokine storms, stands as a perilous respiratory condition with alarmingly high mortality rates. Tetrastigma hemsleyanum polysaccharide (THP), a pivotal constituent derived from Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg (TH), has demonstrated efficacy in treating lung inflammation. However, its precise efficacy and underlying mechanisms in the context of severe pneumonia remain elusive.

The impact and mechanism analysis of Clean Development Mechanism on the synergistic effects of pollution mitigation and carbon reduction.

The establishment of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) has greatly improved China's carbon emission trading system. However, due to the unbalanced development of CDM in China, the effects and mechanism of CDM on reducing pollution and carbon are still unclear. In order to explore the effects and mechanism of CDM on the synergistic effects of pollution mitigation and carbon reduction, we first set up a theoretical analysis framework.

Tetrastigma hemsleyanum polysaccharide ameliorates cytokine storm syndrome via the IFN-γ-JAK2/STAT pathway.

Acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an disease characterized by pulmonary edema and widespread inflammation, leading to a notably high mortality rate. The dysregulation of both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory systems, results in cytokine storm (CS), is intricately associated with the development of ALI/ARDS. Tetrastigma hemsleyanum polysaccharide (THP) exerts remarkable anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects against the disease, although its precise role in pathogenesis remains unclear.

Tetrastigma hemsleyanum polysaccharide ameliorated ulcerative colitis by remodeling intestinal mucosal barrier function via regulating the SOCS1/JAK2/STAT3 pathway.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by a chronic and protracted course and often leads to a poor prognosis. Patients with this condition often experience postoperative complications, further complicating the management of their condition. Tetrastigma hemsleyanum polysaccharide (THP) has demonstrated considerable potential as a treatment for inflammatory bowel disease.

Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 2,4-diaminopyrimidine derivatives as potent Hematopoietic Progenitor Kinase 1 (HPK1) inhibitors.

HPK1 also referred to as MAP4K1, belongs to the category of mammalian STE20-like protein serine/threonine kinases. Its physiological function involves the down-regulation of T cell signals, and it is regarded as a new immune checkpoint of tumor immunology. In this study, we commenced our investigation with the hit compounds, focusing the efforts on structural optimization and SAR exploration to identify a novel class of 2,4-diaminopyrimidine HPK1 inhibitors.

Antipyretic effect of inhaled Tetrastigma hemsleyanum polysaccharide on substance and energy metabolism in yeast-induced pyrexia mice via TLR4/NF-κb signaling pathway.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg, is one of the perennial evergreen plants with grass vine, which has obvious curative effect on severe infectious diseases. Although Tetrastigma hemleyanum has long been recognized for its capacity of antipyretic and antitoxic, its specific mechanism is unknown.

Aim Of The Study: To evaluate the antipyretic effect of Tetrastigma hemleyanum polysaccharide (THP) on mice with dry yeast-induced fever, and to explore its specific antipyretic mechanism.

Advancements in dual-target inhibitors of PI3K for tumor therapy: Clinical progress, development strategies, prospects.

Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) modify lipids by the phosphorylation of inositol phospholipids at the 3'-OH position, thereby participating in signal transduction and exerting effects on various physiological processes such as cell growth, metabolism, and organism development. PI3K activation also drives cancer cell growth, survival, and metabolism, with genetic dysregulation of this pathway observed in diverse human cancers. Therefore, this target is considered a promising potential therapeutic target for various types of cancer.

Innovating from the ground up: the impact of key technological advancements on collaborative carbon and haze governance.

Strengthening the synergistic management of carbon and haze is an important means to realize China's "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals" and green development. In this paper, the entropy method is used to measure the key core technology innovation level of 30 provinces in China from 2011 to 2021, and the fixed-effect model is used to empirically test the impact of key core technology innovation on carbon haze synergistic governance and the internal mechanism. The study found that (1) key core technological innovation helps to promote carbon haze synergistic governance.

Sonochemical-Assisted Synthesis of Ultrathin NiCu layered Double Hydroxide for Enhanced C-N Coupling toward Electrocatalytic Urea Synthesis.

The electrocatalytic carbon-nitrogen (C-N) coupling, facilitating one-step urea synthesis under ambient conditions, holds great promise as a viable alternative to conventional protocols. However, developing efficient and low-cost electrocatalysts for C-N coupling remains a great challenge. Herein, a "bottom-up" strategy is proposed to synthesize multidimensional hybrid materials of ultrathin NiCu layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheets on carbon nanofiber (u-NiCu-LDH/CNF) through an ultrasonic-assisted solvothermal method.

Assessment of TLL1 variant and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in Latin Americans and Europeans.

Introduction And Objectives: Tolloid like protein 1 (TLL1) rs17047200 has been reported to be associated with HCC development and liver fibrosis. However, to our knowledge, no studies have been performed on Latin Americans and comparative differences between TLL1 rs17047200 in HCC patients from Latin America and Europe are undefined.

Materials And Methods: Cross-sectional analysis was performed on Latin American and European individuals.

Hypermethylation of DNA Methylation Markers in Non-Cirrhotic Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Aberrant DNA methylation changes have been reported to be associated with carcinogenesis in cirrhotic HCC, but DNA methylation patterns for these non-cirrhotic HCC cases were not examined. Therefore, we sought to investigate DNA methylation changes on non-cirrhotic HCC using reported promising DNA methylation markers (DMMs), including HOXA1, CLEC11A, AK055957, and TSPYL5, on 146 liver tissues using quantitative methylation-specific PCR and methylated DNA sequencing. We observed a high frequency of aberrant methylation changes in the four DMMs through both techniques in non-cirrhotic HCC compared to cirrhosis, hepatitis, and benign lesions ( < 0.

Design and Synthesis of 1,3,5-Triazines or Pyrimidines Containing Dithiocarbamate Moiety as PI3Kα Selective Inhibitors.

Recent studies have shown that phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) plays a vital role in cell division, and it has become a therapeutic target for many cancers. In this paper, some new 1,3,5-triazine or pyrimidine skeleton derivatives containing dithiocarbamate were designed and synthesized based on the reasonable drug design strategy from the previously effective compound 2-(difluoromethyl)-1-[4,6-di(4-morpholinyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]-1-benzimidazole (, in order to get effective selective PI3Kα inhibitors that have not been reported in the literature. In addition, the inhibitory activities of these compounds on PI3Kα and two tumor cell lines (HCT-116, U87-MG) were evaluated.

Validation and optimization of AFP-based biomarker panels for early HCC detection in Latin America and Europe.

Background: HCC is a major cause of cancer death worldwide. Serum biomarkers such as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), protein induced by vitamin K absence-II, and the Gender, Age, AFP-L3, AFP, Des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin (GALAD) score have been recommended for HCC surveillance. However, inconsistent recommendations in international guidelines limit their clinical utility.

Emerging opportunities to treat idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Design, discovery, and optimizations of small-molecule drugs targeting fibrogenic pathways.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common fibrotic form of idiopathic diffuse lung disease. Due to limited treatment options, IPF patients suffer from poor survival. About ten years ago, Pirfenidone (Shionogi, 2008; InterMune, 2011) and Nintedanib (Boehringer Ingelheim, 2014) were approved, greatly changing the direction of IPF drug design.

Structure-based drug design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel 1,3,5-triazine or pyrimidine derivatives containing benzoyl hydrazine moiety as PI3Kα selective inhibitors.

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) was an important cellular signal transducer, while PI3Kα was the most mutated family member in cancer. Selective PI3Kα inhibitors have become the frequent research in recent years because of their excellent curative effect and reduced side effects. Here, we described a series of PI3Kα inhibitors with 1,3,5-triazine or pyrimidine skeleton containing benzoyl hydrazine based on the pan-PI3K inhibitor ZSTK474 relying on the strategies of structure-based drug discovery (SBDD) and computer-aided drug design (CADD).

DNA methylation markers in the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy and has a poor prognosis. Epigenetic modification has been shown to be deregulated during HCC development by dramatically impacting the differentiation, proliferation, and function of cells. One important epigenetic modification is DNA methylation during which methyl groups are added to cytosines without changing the DNA sequence itself.

Ameliorating role of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum polysaccharides in antibiotic-induced intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction in mice based on microbiome and metabolome analyses.

The intestinal mucosal barrier is one of the important barriers to prevent harmful substances and pathogens from entering the body environment and to maintain intestinal homeostasis. This study investigated the reparative effect and possible mechanism of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum polysaccharides (THP) on ceftriaxone-induced intestinal mucosal damage. Our results suggested that THP repaired the mechanical barrier damage of intestinal mucosa by enhancing the expression of intestinal tight junction proteins, reducing intestinal mucosal permeability and improving the pathological state of intestinal epithelial cells.

Ultrasonic-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of RhCu alloy nanospheres for electrocatalytic urea production.

Herein, the electronic structure of RhCu nanospheres was optimized and the size of the nanoparticles was reduced by an ultrasonic-assisted hydrothermal method. The performance of electrocatalytic urea synthesis was improved with an enhanced faradaic efficiency and urea yield rate of 34.82 ± 2.

Medicinal chemistry strategies targeting PRMT5 for cancer therapy.

Protein arginine methyltransferases 5 (PRMT5), a therapeutic target whose main physiological function is mono- and symmetric dimethylation of arginine, has drawn significant attention from researchers in the field. PRMT5 has been reported to participate in many cellular functions including cell growth, migration, and development. Upregulation of PRMT5 occurs in different kinds of tumors and is strongly associated with poor prognosis.

Polysaccharides from Tetrastigma Hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg attenuate LPS-induced acute lung injury by modulating TLR4/COX-2/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Tetrastigma Hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg (Sanyeqing, SYQ), a traditional herb native to China, has been widely used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, febrile convulsions and dysentery. Previous studies have demonstrated the hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic effects of polysaccharides from SYQ (SYQP). However, the role of SYQP in acute lung injury (ALI) remained unknown.

[Corrigendum] Benzyl isothiocyanate suppresses development and metastasis of murine mammary carcinoma by regulating the Wnt/β‑catenin pathway.

Subsequently to the publication of the above paper, an interested reader drew to the authors' attention that the '1 M/Invasion' and the '2.5 M/Migration' panels shown in Fig. 3B on p.