Unveiling the Origin of Morphological Instability in Topologically Complex Electrocatalytic Nanostructures.

Coarsening and degradation phenomena in metals have largely focused on thermally driven processes, such as bulk and surface diffusion. However, dramatic coarsening has been reported in high-surface-area, nanometer-sized Pt-based catalysts during potential cycling in an electrolyte at room temperature─a temperature too low for the process to be explained purely by surface mobility values measured in both vacuum and electrolytes (∼10 and ∼10 cm/s, respectively). This morphological evolution must be due to a different mechanism for mass transport that is sensitive to electrochemical conditions (e.

Impact of Clove Oil on Biofilm Formation in and Its Effects on Mice with Candida Vaginitis.

In this study, the effects of Clove oil (CEO) on biofilm formation of () were investigated using XTT and crystal violet staining methods. The therapeutic efficacy of CEO was studied using ICR mouse model with candida vaginitis. The potential targets and pathways of the CEO's effect against were predicted by network pharmacology.

Dual-phase multiobjective Bayesian optimization method for estimating hepatocellular carcinoma dynamics parameters from PET/CT scans.

Background: Optimization algorithms provide robust analytical frameworks for assessing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) pharmacokinetics based on dynamic positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scans. The aim of this study was to assess the role of estimating HCC pharmacokinetics from PET/ CT scans via the Bayesian optimization (BO) method and the dual-phase (DP) and multiobjective (MO) strategies into BO (DPMO-BO) method.

Methods: Five-minute dynamic and one-minute static PET/CT imaging data derived from 27 HCC tumors were used to estimate kinetic parameters via a double-input three-compartment model.

α-Synuclein Promotes the Expression and Release of Neurofilament Light Chain from Oligodendrocytes in a Murine Model: Implication for Multiple System Atrophy?

Objective: The understanding of neurofilament light chain (NfL) presence and release in oligodendrocytes is limited. This study aims to determine the NfL expression in oligodendrocytes, investigate whether excess ɑ-synuclein (α-syn) impacts NfL expression, release, and functions in oligodendrocytes, as well as detect plasma NfL-positive oligodendrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (ODEVs) changes in patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA), Parkinson's disease (PD), and healthy controls (HCs).

Methods: NfL expression in oligodendrocytes was assessed using RNAscope and immunofluorescence staining in human and mouse brain slices, as well as flow cytometry in mouse brain single-cells.

Myeloid TGF-β signaling shapes liver macrophage heterogeneity and metabolic liver disease pathogenesis.

Background & Aims: Cellular heterogeneity of innate immune cells, such as macrophages, in the liver is a hallmark of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) pathogenesis. However, the mechanisms shaping liver macrophage heterogeneity and function during disease progression remain poorly understood.

Methods: Control or myeloid-specific knockout mice (n = 9-12 per group) were fed a 12-week choline-deficient, amino acid-defined high-fat diet (CDA-HFD) or a 20-week GAN diet (40% fat, 22% fructose, 2% cholesterol).

DiWB-1: A Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone (LHRH)-Targeted Peptide-Drug Conjugate (PDC) With Enhanced Tumor Selectivity and PI3K Inhibition Efficacy.

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors have demonstrated efficacy in cancer therapy; yet, their clinical use is often restricted by off-target toxicity. Peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs) have emerged as a strategy to improve tumor selectivity by targeting receptors overexpressed in malignant cells. Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone receptors (LHRHR), upregulated in several cancers, present an attractive target for such approaches.

Real-World Efficacy and Safety of Anti-PD-1 Antibody Plus Apatinib and Temozolomide for Advanced Acral Melanoma.

Purpose: The combination of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) blockade camrelizumab plus apatinib (an antiangiogenic agent) and temozolomide has displayed promising therapeutic effects in patients with advanced acral melanoma (AM) in a non-randomized Phase II clinical trial (NCT04397770). The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the triplet regimen for advanced AM in the real-world setting.

Methods: The data of patients with advanced AM who received anti-PD-1 antibody plus apatinib and temozolomide at Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute between September 2019 and December 2023 were analyzed.

Symbiotic microalgae and microbes: a new frontier in saline agriculture.

With the growing human population worldwide, innovative agricultural development is needed to meet food security needs. However, this has inadvertently led to problematic irrigation practices and overuse of agrochemicals. Such practices can exacerbate soil salinization, which prevents plant growth.

Hepatocellular carcinoma F-FDG PET/CT kinetic parameter estimation based on the advantage actor-critic algorithm.

Background: Kinetic parameters estimated with dynamic F-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) help characterize hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and deep reinforcement learning (DRL) can improve kinetic parameter estimation.

Purpose: The advantage actor-critic (A2C) algorithm is a DRL algorithm with neural networks that seek the optimal parameters. The aim of this study was to preliminarily assess the role of the A2C algorithm in estimating the kinetic parameters of F-FDG PET/CT in patients with HCC.

Novel pH-responsive lipid nanoparticles deliver UA-mediated mitophagy and ferroptosis for osteoarthritis treatment.

Synovial inflammation plays a crucial role in osteoarthritis (OA) development, leading to chronic inflammation and cartilage destruction. Although targeting synovitis can alleviate OA, clinical outcomes have been disappointing due to poor drug targeting and joint cavity heterogeneity. This study presents pH-responsive lipid nanoparticles (LNPs@UA), loaded with Urolithin A (UA), as a potential OA treatment.

Cerebrospinal fluid and blood neurofilament light chain in Parkinson's disease and atypical parkinsonian syndromes: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis.

Background And Objective: The value of neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels as a biomarker for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and atypical parkinsonian syndromes (APS) remains controversial. Furthermore, few studies have directly compared NfL levels among specific APS categories. This study aimed to compare cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood NfL levels among PD, APS, other PD-related disorders, and controls, as well as rank NfL levels across these groups.

A prognostic model for survival of patients with metastatic upper tract urothelial carcinoma with first-line systemic therapy.

Purpose: Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) presents distinct clinicopathological, molecular features, and biological behaviors compared to urothelial bladder carcinoma (UBC). Currently, no prognostic model exists for metastatic UTUC (mUTUC). This study aimed to develop a prognostic model for patients with mUTUC receiving first-line systemic therapy.

Dynamic Change of PD-L2 on Circulating Plasma Extracellular Vesicles as a Predictor of Treatment Response in Melanoma Patients Receiving Anti-PD-1 Therapy.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have provided new hope for melanoma patients, however, not all patients benefit. Furthermore, ICI-related therapies cause significant immune-related adverse events that adversely affect patient outcomes. Therefore, there is a pressing need for reliable biomarkers to identify patients most likely to benefit from these treatments.

Hypericin Nanoparticles-Associated Photodynamic Therapy Modulates the Biological Behavior of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by SERPINE1.

Background: In recent years, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has gradually attracted the attention of researchers due to its therapeutic potential for treating malignant tumors. Hypericin (HC) is anticipated to enhance the therapeutic effect on tumors as an efficient photosensitizer (PS) for PDT. However, the role and mechanism of PDT in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear.

Efficacy and safety of DV in HER2-negative and HER2-low locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma: Results of a phase 2 study.

Background: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) has emerged as a new target for metastatic urothelial carcinomas (mUCs). Disitamab vedotin (DV), an anti-HER2 antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), demonstrates a promising efficacy in patients with HER2-positive mUC. However, the role of DV in HER2-negative and HER2-low mUCs remains unknown.

Famsin and fasting adaptation: A glucagon connection.

Starvation triggers an organismal adaptive response that is orchestrated by endocrine factors. In this issue of Cell Metabolism, Long et al. uncover a famsin-glucagon axis that relays gut-derived hormonal cues to systemic glucose homeostasis during fasting.

A prior information-based multi-population multi-objective optimization for estimating F-FDG PET/CT pharmacokinetics of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: F fluoro-D-glucose (F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) pharmacokinetics is an approach for efficiently quantifying perfusion and metabolic processes in the liver, but the conventional single-individual optimization algorithms and single-population optimization algorithms have difficulty obtaining reasonable physiological characteristics from estimated parameters. A prior-based multi-population multi-objective optimization (p-MPMOO) approach using two sub-populations based on two categories of prior information was preliminarily proposed for estimating the F-FDG PET/CT pharmacokinetics of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Methods: PET data from 24 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumors of 5-min dynamic PET/CT supplemented with 1-min static PET at 60 min were prospectively collected.

Lipid droplet efferocytosis attenuates proinflammatory signaling in macrophages via TREM2- and MS4A7-dependent mechanisms.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is characterized by injury to steatotic hepatocytes that triggers the release of endogenous danger-associated molecular patterns. Recent work demonstrated that exposed lipid droplets (LDs) serve as a pathogenic signal that promotes monocyte infiltration and its maturation into triggering receptor expressed in myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) macrophages in MASH liver. Here we explore the role of LD exposure in modulating inflammatory signaling in macrophages.

Oncolytic virus OH2 extends survival in patients with PD-1 pretreated melanoma: phase Ia/Ib trial results and biomarker insights.

Background: OH2 is an oncolytic virus derived from herpes simplex virus type 2. A phase Ia/Ib clinical trial in China was conducted in patients with unresected stage III-IV melanoma, the majority of whom had the acral type, to assess the safety and preliminary efficacy of OH2.

Methods: The trial enrolled patients with histologically confirmed unresectable stage III or advanced stage IV melanoma.

Dopaminergic responsiveness and dopaminergic challenge tests of Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background And Objective: The assessment and quantification of dopaminergic responsiveness are crucial for the diagnosis and management of Parkinson's disease (PD). This study aimed to summarize and compare motor improvements in patients with PD and atypical parkinsonian syndromes (APS) across three types of dopaminergic challenge tests, as well as evaluate their diagnostic performance.

Methods: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched to identify eligible studies reporting the improvement rate of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III (UPDRS-III) or MDS-UPDRS-III in dopaminergic challenge tests for PD or APS, or diagnostic outcomes in differential diagnosis between PD and APS.

Advancements of astaxanthin production in Haematococcus pluvialis: Update insight and way forward.

The global market demand for natural astaxanthin (AXT) is growing rapidly owing to its potential human health benefits and diverse industry applications, driven by its safety, unique structure, and special function. Currently, the alga Haematococcus pluvialis (alternative name H. lacustris) has been considered as one of the best large-scale producers of natural AXT.

Therapeutic Potential of Bee and Wasp Venom in Anti-Arthritic Treatment: A Review.

Arthritis has a high global prevalence. During the early ancient human era, bee () venom therapy was employed in Egypt, Greece, and China to alleviate ailments such as arthritis and neuralgia. In addition, bee venom has long been used as a traditional medicine for immune-related diseases in Korea.

Neoadjuvant oncolytic virus orienx010 and toripalimab in resectable acral melanoma: a phase Ib trial.

Neoadjuvant PD-1 inhibitor is promising in cutaneous melanoma but remains unknown in acral melanoma (AM). This phase Ib trial study (Clinicaltrials.gov NCT04197882) assessed the efficacy and safety of the combination of neoadjuvant oncolytic virus orienX010 (ori) and anti-PD-1 toripalimab (tori) for resectable AM.

Quality assessment of various Xiushui Ninghong tea types.

Background: Xiushui Ninghong tea (XSNH) has a long history and is renowned both in China and internationally. Based on different processing techniques, XSNH can be classified into Ninghong Congou, Ninghong Tea Jinhao, Ninghong Tea Longxucha and other types. To investigate the differences in nutrient compounds and mineral element contents among various types of XSNH, 34 samples from seven types were collected, primarily from tea-producing areas.