Impact of Salinity Stress on Antioxidant Enzyme Activity, Histopathology, and Gene Expression in the Hepatopancreas of the Oriental River Prawn, .

represents a commercial decapod species that predominantly inhabits freshwater ecosystems or environments with low salinity. However, the species exhibits normal survival and reproductive capacity in natural aquatic habitats with salinity levels up to 10 parts per thousand (ppt). The present study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying salinity acclimation in by investigating alterations in oxidative stress, morphological adaptations, and hepatopancreatic gene expression profiles following exposure to a salinity level of 10 ppt.

Hyperactive PLCG1 induces cell-autonomous and bystander T cell activation and drug resistance.

Phospholipase C gamma 1 (PLCG1) has been identified as the most frequently mutated gene in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, suggesting a critical function of PLCG1 in driving T cell activation. However, it remains unclear how these mutations regulate T cell physiology and pathology. Here, we investigate three common leukemia/lymphoma-associated mutations (R48W, S345F, and D1165H).

Comparative transcriptomic analysis reveals the important role of hepatic fatty acid metabolism in the acute heat stress response in chickens.

Background: Heat stress poses a major challenge to global poultry production, but the molecular mechanisms driving the acute heat stress response in multiple organs of chickens remain poorly understood. The present study aimed to elucidate these mechanisms by establishing an acute heat stress chicken model and analyzing the multi-tissue transcriptome and physiological responses.

Results: Exposure to 36℃ for 6 h induced marked physiological changes, including elevated rectal temperatures, severe multi-organ damage, and disrupted energy metabolism (increased serum glucose [GLU] and decreased triglycerides [TG] and total cholesterol [TCHO]).

Functional Characterization of Two Isoforms During Ovarian Development in .

In this study, we identified two isoforms ( and ) in through bioinformatics analysis and characterized their phylogenetic relationships. The open reading frames of and were 1641 bp (encoding 546 amino acids) and 1473 bp (encoding 490 amino acids), respectively. Both isoforms exhibited high conservation, sharing five identical functional domains, with 58.

Investigation of the Effects of Salinity Exposure on Immune Defense, Morphology, and Gene Expression in the Gills of .

is an important economic freshwater species in China. Previous research has found that can reproduce under salinity conditions of 10 parts per thousand (ppt) and exhibits a strong ability to adapt to salinity changes in the aquatic environment. The aim of the present study was to identify the molecular mechanism of in terms of saline acclimation by identifying changes in immune response, morphology, and gene expression in the gills under a salinity of 10 ppt.

Identification of the changes of immune response, morphology, and gene expressions in hepatopancreas of Macrobrachium nipponense under the treatment of alkalinity exposure.

Macrobrachium nipponense exhibits limited alkali tolerance, restricting its cultivation in the predominant saline-alkaline water resources of China. Understanding the molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying alkaline acclimation is critical for enhancing its environmental adaptability through genetic improvement. This study comprehensively examines the hepatopancreatic responses of M.

Peroxiredoxin-1 aggravates hypoxia-induced renal injury by promoting inflammation through the TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Hypoxia can induce pathological alterations to the kidneys, such as activation of inflammatory signaling pathways. This form of inflammation is pathogen-free and is referred to as aseptic inflammation. Currently, the mechanisms leading to aseptic inflammation under hypoxia are not well understood.

Transcriptome Profiling Analysis Reveals Changes in the Antioxidant Defense System, Morphology, and Gene Expression in the Gills of Caused by Alkalinity Exposure.

The median lethal concentration value of alkalinity tolerance for over 96 h is only 14.42 mmol/L with a safety value of 4.71 mmol/L, which is insufficient to perform the aquaculture program in a water environment with high alkalinity.

Genome-wide association study revealed candidate genes associated with egg-laying time traits in layer chicken.

In modern intensive caged laying hen production, variations in egg-laying time (ELT) among layers often increase the workload for egg collection, thereby raising the costs of labor or power and reducing overall efficiency. For management purpose, early and synchronized ELT is also advantageous, particularly to large-scale layer farm. However, the underlying genetic mechanisms of ELT remain unclear.

Hepatocellular carcinoma F-FDG PET/CT kinetic parameter estimation based on the advantage actor-critic algorithm.

Background: Kinetic parameters estimated with dynamic F-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) help characterize hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and deep reinforcement learning (DRL) can improve kinetic parameter estimation.

Purpose: The advantage actor-critic (A2C) algorithm is a DRL algorithm with neural networks that seek the optimal parameters. The aim of this study was to preliminarily assess the role of the A2C algorithm in estimating the kinetic parameters of F-FDG PET/CT in patients with HCC.

Mortality among individuals with chronic kidney disease based on the 2012 and 2021 KDIGO blood pressure targets.

The 2021 Kidney Disease: Improving Global Prognosis (KDIGO) guidelines set a target systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 120 mmHg for chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. This paper aims to compare mortality outcomes in CKD patients following the 2021 KDIGO guidelines versus the 2012 KDIGO guidelines. We used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database to categorize CKD patients into four groups: "above 2021 KDIGO only", "above 2012 KDIGO only", "above both targets" and "controlled with both targets".

Identification of Potential Roles of Cathepsin B-like in the Response to Alkali Treatment in .

Cathepsin B is a member of the cysteine protease family and plays an important role in the innate immunity of aquatic invertebrates. A previous study identified that Cathepsin B-like () may be involved in the response of alkali treatment in . The present study aims to identify the potential regulatory roles of in the response of alkali treatment in through performing the quantitative real-time PCR analysis (qPCR), in situ hybridization (ISH) analysis, and RNA interference (RNAi) analysis.

Efficient and scalable construction of clinical variable networks for complex diseases with RAMEN.

Understanding the interplay among clinical variables-such as demographics, symptoms, and laboratory results-and their relationships with disease outcomes is critical for advancing diagnostics and understanding mechanisms in complex diseases. Existing methods fail to capture indirect or directional relationships, while existing Bayesian network learning methods are computationally expensive and only infer general associations without focusing on disease outcomes. Here we introduce random walk- and genetic algorithm-based network inference (RAMEN), a method for Bayesian network inference that uses absorbing random walks to prioritize outcome-relevant variables and a genetic algorithm for efficient network refinement.

A prior information-based multi-population multi-objective optimization for estimating F-FDG PET/CT pharmacokinetics of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: F fluoro-D-glucose (F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) pharmacokinetics is an approach for efficiently quantifying perfusion and metabolic processes in the liver, but the conventional single-individual optimization algorithms and single-population optimization algorithms have difficulty obtaining reasonable physiological characteristics from estimated parameters. A prior-based multi-population multi-objective optimization (p-MPMOO) approach using two sub-populations based on two categories of prior information was preliminarily proposed for estimating the F-FDG PET/CT pharmacokinetics of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Methods: PET data from 24 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumors of 5-min dynamic PET/CT supplemented with 1-min static PET at 60 min were prospectively collected.

Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Populations in the Saline-Alkaline Regions of China.

The oriental river prawn is of great economic importance in China. However, its culture in the saline-alkaline regions is limited. This study used D-loop region sequences to analyze the genetic diversity and population structure across the saline-alkaline regions of China.

Deletion of Pyruvate Carboxylase in Tubular Epithelial Cell Promotes Renal Fibrosis by Regulating SQOR/cGAS/STING-Mediated Glycolysis.

Renal fibrosis is a common pathway involved in the progression of various chronic kidney diseases to end-stage renal disease. Recent studies show that mitochondrial injury of renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) is a crucial pathological foundation for renal fibrosis. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain unclear.

Hyperactive PLCG1 drives non-canonical signaling to promote cell survival.

One of the long-standing questions in cell signaling field to identify and characterize key signaling nodes out of a complex network. Phospholipase Cγ1 () was identified as the most frequently mutated gene in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, suggesting a critical function of PLCG1 in driving T cell activation. However, it remains unclear how these mutations regulate T cell physiology and pathology.

Regulation Roles of Juvenile Hormone Epoxide Hydrolase Gene 2 in the Female River Prawn Reproductive Process.

In this study, we investigated the regulatory roles of the () gene in the reproductive process of female . Its total cDNA length was 1848 bp, encoding for 460 amino acids. It contained conserved domains typical of epoxide hydrolases, such as the Abhydrolase family domain, the EHN epoxide hydrolase superfamily domain, and the "WWG" and "HGWP" motifs.

Genome-wide association and transcriptomic analysis and the identification of growth-related genes in Macrobrachium nipponense.

Macrobrachium nipponense is a commercially important freshwater species of prawn that is widely distributed across Asian countries. In order to investigate the molecular mechanisms of growth in M. nipponense, and to provide a foundation for molecular breeding, we used genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) and transcriptomic analysis to screen polymorphisms and genes related to growth traits.

A study on the functional role of the DHCR24 gene in gonadal differentiation and development of Macrobrachium nipponense.

Sex differentiation in crustaceans is a complex process influenced by various factors, including the androgenic gland and sex-related genes. This study characterized the role of the Mn-DHCR24 gene in the oriental river prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense). We used bioinformatics to analyze sequence features and phylogenetic relationships of a single Mn-DHCR24 gene.

Identification of the effects of alkalinity exposure on the gills of oriental river prawns, Macrobrachium nipponense.

Macrobrachium nipponense is an important commercial freshwater species in China. However, the ability of alkali tolerance of M. nipponense is insufficient to culture in the major saline-alkali water source in China.

Functional Study of the Role of the Gene in the Ovarian Development of .

() is a gene encoding an enzyme related to the last step of juvenile hormone biosynthesis. cDNA has a total length of 1695 bp and an open reading frame (ORF) length of 1482 bp, encoding 493 amino acids. Sequence analysis showed that its amino acid sequence has a PPGP hinge, an FGCG structural domain, and other structural domains specific to the P450 family of enzymes.

Studies on the Relationships between Growth and Gonad Development during First Sexual Maturation of and Associated SNPs Screening.

In this study, we used full-sib families to investigate the association between growth and gonad development during first sexual maturation of . We found that male GSI was significantly negatively correlated with growth traits ( < 0.01) and there were no significant correlations between female GSI (Gonadosomatic index) and growth traits ( > 0.

NPC Intracellular Cholesterol Transporter 1 Regulates Ovarian Maturation and Molting in Female .

NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 (NPC1) plays an important role in sterol metabolism and transport processes and has been studied in many vertebrates and some insects, but rarely in crustaceans. In this study, we characterized NPC1 from () and evaluated its functions. Its total cDNA length was 4283 bp, encoding for 1344 amino acids.

Identifying Relationships between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Hypoxia Tolerance and Growth Traits in .

Investigating hypoxia tolerance and growth trait single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in is conducive to cultivating prawns with hypoxia tolerance and good growth characteristics. The glutathione S-transferase-2 gene () has been shown to regulate hypoxia responses in . In this study, we identified a single SNP in , and analyzed its regulatory relationship with hypoxia tolerance and growth.