Mapping cellular cytosolic pH in vivo under physiological and pathophysiological conditions.

Cytosolic pH (pHc) is one of the most essential intracellular microenvironments profoundly affecting charges, conformations and therefore functions of macromolecules. It remains challenging to quantitatively measure pHc at single cell resolution in vivo and how pHc of a specific cell type dynamically responds to physiological or pathophysiological fluctuations remains elusive. Smad5 is a pHc sensor with accelerated nuclear export upon pHc alkalization and ideally the nucleocytoplasmic ratio of Smad5 would be a potential indicator of pHc.

Macrophage Reprogramming: Emerging Molecular Therapeutic Strategies for Nephrolithiasis.

Nephrolithiasis, predominantly driven by calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystal deposition, poses a significant global health burden due to its high prevalence and recurrence rates and limited preventive/therapeutic options. Recent research has underscored a pivotal role for macrophage polarization in nephrolithiasis pathogenesis. Pro-inflammatory phenotype macrophages exacerbate crystal-induced injury and foster stone formation by amplifying crystal adhesion via an NF-κB-IL-1β positive-feedback axis that sustains ROS generation and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, whereas anti-inflammatory phenotype macrophages facilitate crystal clearance and tissue repair.

Psychological Constructs and Preferences for a Complementary Inclusive Health Insurance: A Hybrid Choice Model.

Many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are affected by catastrophic health expenditures due to overstretched public health financing, indicating need for complementary inclusive health insurance solutions. Promoting these solutions requires understanding drivers, including psychological determinants, of health insurance purchase. Yet, relevant evidence is lacking.

Efficacy and Safety of Guben Kechuan Granules in the Treatment of Chronic Bronchitis: A Multi-Center and Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Chronic bronchitis (CB) is an inflammatory respiratory disease characterized by high prevalence and treatment challenges. In recent years, the integration of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with conventional therapies has gained widespread application in CB management, showing promising clinical benefits.

Methods: This multicenter, randomized controlled trial, led by China-Japan Friendship Hospital in Beijing, China, enrolled 300 CB patients aged 18-75 years.

Metabolomic and lipidomic profiling of plasma in kidney stone patients: identification of potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Background: Kidney stone are among the most common urologic diseases characterized with metabolic disorder. Biomarker for kidney stone detection and the metabolic variables in kidney stone development have attracted increasing attention.

Methods: To explore the metabolomic and lipidomic characteristics of plasma in patients with kidney stones, we collected plasma samples from 200 participants, including 100 kidney stone patients and 100 healthy controls.

Modified algorithm for defocused image restoration.

This study develops a modified inverse filter algorithm that corrects defocus aberrations through optimization of the Zernike defocus coefficient. By strategically adjusting the Zernike-based point-spread function (PSF), our method achieves precise compensation for small defocus in optical systems. Through simulations and actual tests using a custom-designed infrared lens, we demonstrate that this approach achieves a 2.

Palladium-catalyzed tandem cyclization reaction: access to isoxazoline-benzofuran bis-heterocycles.

A novel palladium-catalyzed carboetherification reaction of β,γ-unsaturated ketoxime with -dihaloolefin has been developed. This process offers an efficient route for the assembly of isoxazoline-linked benzofuran/indole bis-heterocycles in moderate to good yields. The scalability of the reaction and subsequent transformations of the products highlight the synthetic potential of this developed method.

Association and interaction of blood homocysteine and p-tau217 levels with temporal cortical thinning and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: The relationships between blood homocysteine (Hcy), amyloid beta (Aβ), tau pathology, and their combined effects on cortical thinning and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD) remain poorly understood.

Methods: Participants were stratified into Aβ+ and Aβ- groups by positron emission tomography. Blood levels of Hcy, AD biomarkers (phosphorylated tau-217 [p-tau217], p-tau181, and Aβ), cortical thickness (via magnetic resonance imaging), and cognitive performance were assessed.

The scaffold protein DLG4 facilitates RNF63-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of STAT3 in non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: The Disks-large homolog (DLG) family has been found to govern multiple key processes in human cancers. However, their role in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unknown.

Methods: The expression of DLG4 was determined by immunoblotting and q-PCR.

Fast and label-free 3D virtual H&E histology via active phase modulation-assisted dynamic full-field OCT.

Pathological features are the gold standard for tumor diagnosis, guiding treatment and prognosis. However, the standard histopathological process is labor-intensive and time-consuming. Although frozen sections offer a quicker alternative, they often induce severe artifacts and suffer from lower accuracy.

Laser heterodyne interferometry nano-displacement measurement based on an electro-optic modulation double sideband.

We propose a novel, to our knowledge, dual-frequency laser heterodyne interferometry nano-displacement measurement method utilizing electro-optic modulation (EOM) to generate double-sideband signals. Unlike conventional dual-frequency laser techniques, the proposed EOM based approach produces strictly symmetric double sidebands with suppressed polarization aliasing errors. By integrating optical digital coherent detection with an all-phase FFT (apFFT) fringe counting algorithm, we achieve nanoscale displacement estimation.

A phase I dose escalation study of Polyphenon E in liver cirrhosis: Evaluation of safety and effect on liver γ-OHPdG levels.

Accumulation of the DNA adduct γ-hydroxy-1, N2-propanodeoxyguanosine (γ-OHPdG) is associated with HCC development. Theaphenon E-a green tea polyphenol extract dosed according to mg of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)-suppresses the formation of γ-OHPdG and reduces hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development in preclinical models. This study aimed to evaluate the safety of Polyphenon E (Theaphenon E equivalent) and its effect on liver γ-OHPdG levels in patients with cirrhosis.

Ameliorates Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in Rats via Gut Microbiota Remodeling and Inflammatory Suppression.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a highly prevalent chronic liver condition linked to obesity and metabolic imbalance. Alterations in the gut microbiota are increasingly recognized as contributors to its progression. , a core member of the human gut microbiota, has been linked with metabolic health, but its functional role in MASLD remains unclear.

Eubacterium limosum modulates tumor microenvironments and produces antitumor metabolites active against colorectal cancer.

None declared.Conflicts of interestGut microbiota play a key role in ameliorating colorectal cancer (CRC). Eubacterium limosum is a potential probiotic with anti-CRC functions.

The effect of indwelling duration of ureteral stent on the formation and pathological characteristics of ureteral stricture after holmium laser thermal injury.

Objective: A porcine model was established to investigate the effect of indwelling duration of ureteral stents on formation and pathological characteristics of ureteral stricture after laser thermal injury.

Methods: Pigs were randomly divided into 2 groups, A and B, with 15 pigs in each group. Holmium laser was used to cauterize the bilateral ureters at 5, 10, 15, and 20 cm from the Ureteropelvic Junction.

-C-H Amidation of Phenols through Intramolecular Rearrangement of -Phenoxyarylamides.

This study presents an efficient and concise methodology devised for effectuating the -C-H amidation of phenols through the rearrangement of -phenoxybenzamide derivatives. A variety of substrates, equipped with different electron-withdrawing and electron-donating functional groups, react smoothly under mild basic conditions or even without a base, eliminating the need for excessive use of strong acids, Lewis acids, or costly transition-metal catalysts (e.g.

Overexpression Promotes Chloroplast Development in Roots Through Direct Transcriptional Activation of , , and .

Chloroplast biogenesis and development are essential processes in plants, profoundly influencing their growth, survival, and productivity. However, the transcription factors controlling chloroplast development, especially in roots, are poorly characterized. Here, we demonstrate that the ectopic expression of the seed-specific transcription factor Plant Growth Regulator 37 (PGA37) promotes chloroplast development in roots, causing root-greening.

Attenuates Hepatic Injury, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in a Rat Model of High-Fat Diet-Induced MASLD.

Metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disorder globally. Probiotic supplementation has shown promise in its prevention and treatment. Although , a lactic acid bacterium with immunomodulatory effects, has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities, there is a lack of direct evidence for its role in alleviating MASLD.

alleviates experimental colitis in mice by regulating inflammatory pathways and gut microbiota.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition with no cure. Probiotics may offer a new strategy for the treatment of IBD. has been shown to have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant beneficial effects in animal models.

Genome-Wide Identification of the TIFY Family in Longan and Their Potential Functional Analysis in Anthocyanin Synthesis.

TIFY is one of the plant-specific transcription factors, which is extensively involved in regulating plant development, stress response, and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. In this study, we identified 19 genes from the longan genome data. All of them contained the conserved TIFY domain, and these 19 were distributed on 9 out of the 15 chromosomes of longan.

High-Performance CrO Cathode Materials with MnO as an Activator for High-Energy-Density Lithium Primary Batteries.

Chromium oxides (CrO) have attracted wide application due to their high theoretical capacity and high voltage for lithium primary batteries. However, CrO is usually prepared by pyrolysis of a CrO precursor and suffers from low capacity and poor rate capability due to the fusion of CrO during the high-temperature reaction process. Herein, MnO was investigated as an activator to study its impact on the electrochemical properties of CrO, which significantly changed with the addition of MnO during the calcination process.

Ruthenium Catalyzed Ortho-Arylation Reaction of Benzoic Acids with Arylthianthrenium Salts.

Arylthianthrenium salts have become key intermediates for late-stage functionalizations of drug-like molecules. Ruthenium-phosphine catalysts are now shown to enable their use as aryl sources in high-yielding ortho-C─H arylations of benzoic acids. The arylthianthrenium salts are converted chemo-selectively, leaving aryl halides and boronates untouched.